河北省武強(qiáng)縣2015高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪限時(shí)訓(xùn)練題（5）及答案

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精河北省武強(qiáng)縣2015高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪限時(shí)訓(xùn)練題（5）及答案【陜西省西安市長(zhǎng)安一中2014第二次模擬】閱讀些列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出你最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。Whatshapesaman'sabilityandskillwasalwaysaquestiontopsychologistsuntilafewdecadesagowhenfindingsshowthattheyforthemostpartcomefrompractice———-repetitiveandendlesspractice。ThepsychologistK。AndersEricssonoftheUniversityofFloridaandhisteam，basedonasurveyofaviolinclassinacollegeofmusic，havefoundthatthestudentswhoselevelsareratedas“A"havespentonaverageover10,000hoursonviolin-practice,thosewithlevelBabitlessthan8,000hours,andthosewithaverageorlowerlevelsnomorethan5，000hours。Theresultofthesurveyiswidelypreferredbecauseitsuggeststhatpracticemakesperfect，thatis，thedistinctionbetween“excellent"and“good"liesmoreinhardworkthaninnaturalintelligence.MalcolmGladwellpointsoutinhislatestbookOutliers：TheStoryofSuccess：“Practiceisn’tthethingyoudoonceyou'regood。It'sthethingyoudothatmakesyougood?！盉esides，hethinksIQplayslittlepartintheformationanddevelopmentofability.“WhenonehasanIQof120,"writeshe，“whatisbeyonditdoesnotmakeanevidentialdifferenceinreallife."However,scientists'experimentalresultsarequitedifferentfromthepsychologists'。Theirfindingsshowsuccessinmanyareasdependsonintelligence---andnotalittle.DavidLubinskiandCamillaBenbowofVanderbilt57.Psychologistsapplyviolin-practiceasanexampletosupporttheideathat________。A.commonpeoplehavemorechancestobecomeskilledB。practiceplaysakeyroleinthedevelopmentofabilityC。aman'sabilityhaslittletodowithone’sintelligenceD.evenahighIQmancannotsucceedwithoutpractice58.Psychologists’conclusionispopularamongpeopleprobablybecause________.A。everyoneseesachancetosucceedthroughpracticeB。hardworkplaysasimportantapartinsuccessasIQC。theyaretoldthatIQmakesnodifferenceinreallifeD.thereisnodifferencebetween“excellent”and“good"59.Scientists'conclusiondiffersfromthepsychologists'inthattheythink________.A。successhasmuchtodowithintelligenceB。bothhardworkandhighIQleadtosuccessC。practicemakesupforalackofintelligenceD.successdependsalotonearlydevelopment60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetopsychologists’andscientists'conclusionsaboutman’sabilityandskill？A。Heismoreinfavorofpsychologists’. B.Heprefersscientists’topsychologists’.C.Hetakesanobjectiveattitudetoboth。D.Hesupportsbothconclusionsequally?！緟⒖即鸢浮?7-60、BAAC C8 [2013·浙江卷]--——CThebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby。Almostfromthemomentitisborn，thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother。Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobjectinitsenvironment，particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso，however，thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”—therealmotherorthemother－substitute（母親替代物)。Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychological（心理的）thingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby。TheHarlows，acouplewhoarebothpsychologists，discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother－substitutes—onecoveredwithclothandonemadeofbarewire。Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.However，ifthewiremodelwasheated，whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother－substitutesastheirfavorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorecomfortableclothmother.Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire？SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact（接觸)comfortseemstobetheanswer，andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan。Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened，disturbed,orannoyed，ittypicallyrushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesn't“rub"aswellasdoessoftcloth.Prolonged（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的）“contactcomfort”withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceandismuchmorerewardingtothemthaniseitherwarmthormilk.AccordingtotheHarlows，thebasicqualityofababy'sloveforitsmotheristrust。Ifthebabyisputintoanunfamiliarplayroomwithoutitsmother,thebabyignoresthetoysnomatterhowinterestingtheymightbe。Itscreamsinterrorandcurlsupintoafurrylittleball.Ifitsclothmotherisnowintroducedintotheplayroom，thebabyrushestoitandholdsontoitfordearlife。Afterafewminutesofcontactcomfort,itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure。Itthenclimbsdownfromthemother－substituteandbeginstoexplorethetoys,butoftenrushesbackforadeepembrace（擁抱）asiftomakesurethatitsmotherisstillthereandthatalliswell.Bitbybititsfearsofthenewenvironmentaregoneanditspendsmoreandmoretimeplayingwiththetoysandlessandlesstimeholdingontoits“mother".50．Psychologically，whatdoesthebabymonkeydesiremostduringthefirsttwoweeksofitslife?A。Warmth.B。Milk。C.Contact.D.Trust.51．Afterthefirsttwoweeksoftheirlife,babymonkeysprefertheclothmothertothewiremotherbecausetheformeris________。A。largerinsizeB。closertothemC。lessfrighteningandlessdisturbingD。morecomfortabletorubagainst52．Whatdoesthebabymonkeyprobablygainfromprolonged“contactcomfort"？A。Attention.B。Softness。C.Confidence。D.Interest.53．Itcanbeinferredthatwhenthebabymonkeyfeelssecure,________.A.itfrequentlyrushesbackforadeepembracewhenexploringthetoysB.itspendsmoretimescreamingtogetrewardsC.itislessattractedtothetoysthoughtheyareinterestingD。itcareslessaboutwhetheritsmotherisstillaround54．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A。givethereasonsfortheexperimentB.presentthefindingsoftheexperimentC.introducethemethodoftheexperimentD。describetheprocessoftheexperiment【要點(diǎn)綜述】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者主要向讀者闡述了一個(gè)關(guān)于幼猴的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn).50．A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章第一段“Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslife…ontoalmostanylarge,warm，andsoftobject…”可知，幼猴剛出生最需要的是溫暖，所以選A項(xiàng).51．D考查推理判斷.從第三段“Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire？…Babymonkeysspentmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers'skins…"推知，幼猴選擇“布媽媽”,而不是“線媽媽”的原因在于相對(duì)于“線媽媽"而言,“布媽媽"皮膚接觸起來(lái)更舒服，可能也更暖和，故選D項(xiàng)。52．C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第三段“Prolonged（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的)‘contactcomfort’withaclothmotherappearstogivethebabiesconfidenceand…”可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地與“布媽媽"接觸,增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C項(xiàng)是最佳答案。53．D考查推理判斷。從最后一段“Ifitsclothmotherisnowintroduced…itobviouslybeginstofeelmoresecure.Itthenclimbsdownfrom…andlessandlesstimeholdingontoits‘mother’．”推知，當(dāng)幼猴看到“布媽媽”后,它會(huì)覺得有安全感，從而在行為上會(huì)放松起來(lái)，從而越來(lái)越喜歡玩玩具，而減少與“母親"接觸的時(shí)間，所以D項(xiàng)正確。54．B考查寫作意圖。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于幼猴的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,因此作者在文章中是要呈現(xiàn)這個(gè)結(jié)果給讀者，所以B項(xiàng)為最佳答案?！菊憬〗瘥愥槭?014高考英語(yǔ)第二次聯(lián)考】閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的．四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A,B，C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑?！監(jiān)k,”Isaidtomydaughterasshebentoverherafternoonbowlofrice.”What’sgoingonwithyouandyourfriendI?”J。istheleaderofagroupofthird-gradersathercamp-apositionLucyherselfoccupiedtheprevioussummer.Nowshe’stheoneontheouts，andeverydayatsnacktime,shetellsmeallaboutit，whileIofferuptheunhelpfuladviceallsummerlong.”She'sfondofgivingorders,"Lucycomplained."She’sfat,”Lucymumbled（含糊地說(shuō)）ineohebowl”Wearegoingupstairs,”Isaid,myvoicecold,"Wearegoingtodiscussthis.”Andupwewent。I'dspentthenineyearssinceherbirthgettingreadyforthisday，thedaywe'dhavetohavetheconversationaboutthishorribleword。Iknewexactlywhattosaytothegirlonthereceivingendoftheteasing(嘲笑），butinallofmyimaginings，itneveronceoccurredtomethatmydaughterwouldbetheonewhousedtheFword一Fat。Mydaughtersatonherbed，andIsatbesideher.“Howwouldyoufeelifsomeonemadefunofyouforsomethingthatwasn’tyourfault?”Ibegan?！癝hecouldstopeatingsomuch,"Lucymumbled，mouthingthesimpleadviceathousanddoctorsandwell-meaningfriendsandrelativeshavegivenoverweightwomenforyears．"It’snotalwaysthateasy，"Isaid?！癊veryone'sdifferentinternsofhowtheytreatfood”Lucylookedatme,waitingformetogoon。Iopenedmymouth,thenclosedit.ShouldItellherthat，inteasingawoman’sweight，she'sjoinedthelong，proudtraditionofcriticswhogoafteranywomanwithwhomtheydisagreebystartingwith"you'reugly"andendingwith“nomanwouldwantyouandtheremustbesomethingwrongwithanymanwhodoes”？ShouldItellherIdidn’tcrywhensomeonepostedmypictureandcommented,“I'msorry，butaren'tauthorswhowritebooksmarketedtoyoungwomensupposedtobepretty？"Doessheneedtoknow,now，thatlifeisn'tfair?Ifeelhereyesonme，waitingforananswerIdon’thave。Wordsaremytools．Storiesaremyjob．It'spossibleshe’llrememberwhatIsayforever,andIhavenoideawhattosay。SoItellhertheonlythingIcancomeupwiththatisabsolutelytrue．Isaytomydaughter,“Iloveyou，andthereisnothingyoucouldeverdotomakemenotloveyou，ButI’mdisappointedinyourightnow。Thereareplentyofreasonsfornotlikingsomeone．Whatshelookslikeisn'toneofthem.”Lucynods，tearsonhercheeks．“Iwon’tsaythatagain，"shetellsme,andIpullherclose,pressingmynoseagainstherhair。Wearebothquiet,andIdon’tknowifIhavesaidtherightthing。Soaswesittheretogether,shouldertoshoulder,Iprayforhertobesmart．Iprayforhertobestrong.Iprayforhertofindfriends，worksheloves,apartnerwholovesher,andfortheworldnottodeprive（剝奪)herofthethingsthatmakeherwhosheis，forherlifetobeeasy，andforhertohavethestrengthtohandleitwhenit'snot。Andstill,always，IpraythatshewillneverstruggleasI’vestruggled,thatweightwillneverbehercrosstobear.Shemaynotbeabletousethewordinourhome,butIcanuseitinmyhead．Ipraythatshewillnevergetfat．55,TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1indicatesthatLucy＿＿＿,A.oftenmakesfunofherfriendJ.B．hasturnedagainstherfriendJ．C．getsalongwellwithherfriendJ.D。hasbeguntocompetewithherfriendJ，56.WhydoestheauthorwanttodiscusswithLucy？A.Becauseshewantstooffersomeotherhelpfuladvice。B．Becauseshehaspreparedtheconversationfornineyears。C．BecausesheisreallyshockedatLucy’srudeness．D。BecauseshedecidestotellLucyasimilarstoryofherown．57。Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellherdaughter?A..Itisnoteasytotakethedoctors'advicetoeatless．B．Peopleshouldn’tcomplainbecauselifeisunfair。C．Sheherselfwasonce一laughedatforherappearance.D。Peopleshouldn’tbeblamedfortheirappearance。58．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA.theauthorearnsalivingbywritingstoriesB．theauthorisafatbutgood—lookingwomanC．theauthorwillstoplovingherdaughterforwhatshesaidD。theauthor'sdaughteragreedwithherfrom。theverybeginning59．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat．A。Lucy～deeplymovedbyhermother’sprayerB．a(chǎn)mother'sprayerwillshapeherdaughter'sattitudetowardslifeC。theauthorallowsherdaughtertousetheFwordinherheadD．theauthorhopesherdaughterwillneverhaveweighttrouble60．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsherdaughtercanbebestdescribedas．A.lovingbutstrictB.indifferentbutpatientC.satisfiedandfriendlyD。unsatisfiedandangry【參考答案】55、B56-60、CDADAC8 [2013·北京卷]--—-DMultitaskingPeoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests。Thefindings，basedonperformancesandself－evaluationsbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity，butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted(分心）andcan'tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings，”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah。Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensation－seeking（尋求刺激）orimpulsive(沖動(dòng)）theywere。Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters。Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid，mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest。Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation－seekingandimpulsivebehavior，whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted。“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit’sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity，butbecausethey’redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant，”Sanbonmatsusaid.AdamGazzaley，aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia，SanFrancisco，whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn'tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople’srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking。Thefindingsdosuggest,however，whythesensation－seekerswhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations,"saidPaulAtchley，anotherresearchernotinthegroup?！癟hismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey'redangerous?！?7。Theresearchle