寫作精講動態(tài)講師考博強化講義

二 Inmyview,afocalsocialpoint,thatis,friendshipandcommunicationisbutalsoessentialfordevelopmentofa .（錯誤2）Whatismore,it（錯誤3）canteachpeopletreatotherswithsympathy,sincerityandlove.Still,itcanhelppeopleobtainmoreopportunitiesinthecompetitionandachievethemselvesintheprospectivecareer.Lastbutnottheleast,itwillcertainlyexertpositiveinfluenceonsustainabledevelopmentofsociety.（合作）hasrapidlydeveloinrecentyears.（錯誤3） Accordingtoeconomicdatasbytheernment,ourcountryhaschangedstrongerthan（錯誤4）Sowithitfollowedthereareaphenomenoncalled“hot”inmanyothercountries.（錯誤5）thatis,foreignersliketotravelin,wearingtraditionalcostume,eatingdiet,evenlearningandBeijingOpera.However,isthatthepicturelsus?Certainlynot.（錯誤6）TheAmericangirlisnotonlywearingatraditionalcostumebutexpressingthenationalcultureisinternationalculture,（錯誤7）andthatiseasilyto eincreasinglyimportant/isoftheutmostimportance/ysanimportant喜歡 eincreasinglyawareofthepositionof/beinpreference重視：givemorepriorityto…、注意：payattentiontoitspositionof/itsthreat影響：Theinfluenceof…isessentially利弊：Thebenefitsof…outweightheso-called解決問題：…solvemanypracticalproblems/帶來益處：益處：…benefittremendouslyfrom/gainnumerousmaterialbenefitfrom：…objectto/withstand/倡導：…advocate/encourage/promote/propose有害：…threatentodomoreharmthangood/turnablindeyeto…三 2）名詞（look/seem/appear/remain）+形容詞+地點+時間上述句型的變形：名詞(isfilledwith/isfullof)3）There(lie/live/stand/exist/remain/emerge/happento../used5）ItisforsomebodytodoItiscrucial(essentialthatsomethingbe四 話題1：養(yǎng)老-愛心Writeacompositioninthetitle“Benefitsofbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Volunteeringysakeyroleinacivilizedsociety,andoneofthebenefitstheparticipantsofthisactivitycanprovidetherefugeeswithsomedailything,childreninremoteregionscanreceivepropereducationfortheimprovementoftheirqualities,thankstovolunteering.Inthisway,socialresponsibilityistrulyperformedinthisprocess,withmoralobligationfulfilled.Toconclude,benefitsofvolunteeringarebestshowninthesociallevel:peopleindifficultsituationscanreceivematerialsupportandspiritualcomfort.orearnlittlemoney.Thisstatementdoescontainanelementoftruth.Butitstillsignificantforthemtoparticipateinthissocialactivity,becausetheireffortsbringloveandcaretootherpeople.Meanwhile,asenseofharmonycanbeachievedinasociety.Allthesecannotbemeasuredbymoneyandtime,butareindispensableforasocietycallingforpeaceandequality.Tosumup,theinfluenceofvolunteeringisessentiallybeneficial:itisproblems.Thispointofviewmightbetraditional,butisrationalandjustified.ForForthesakeoflove,manywarm-heartedsocialmembersprovidefood,andmoneytothepeopleinsomedisasterdonateone’sbloodtoadyingpatientfinanciallysupportachildtofurtherhiseducationraisedonationsforthedisaster-strickenregionsThegooddeedmightbemisunderstoodformalignance,ortakenadvantage6.Itisnotpropertoadoptanattitudeofindifferencetowardsother7.Inthisway,thosesuffererscanberescuedfrom8.Loveendowspeoplewithoptimism,courage,andfaith.9.ItisasymbolofamongdifferentsocialPeopleindifficultsituationscanexperiencejoy,comfortandlove,andrelievetheirsuffering,sadnessandpain.isafeltexperiencethatphilosopherscall13.Love13.LoveisnotvagueAsIcanseeit,loveispatientandkind;loveisnotarrogantorrude;loveallthings,believesallthings,andenduresallthings.它是一種看得到摸得到SincereloveislikethebrightsunshinethatdispelssolitudeSincereloveisagentlerain,blessingthegiversandreceivers.真摯的愛是明媚的陽光驅(qū)走換寫題目：BenefitsofvolunteersduringtheWhatistheonethingyouhavelearnedfromngsportswhichappliestoallaspectsofyourlife?Pleaseuseexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.（2013Whatisthethingonecanlearnfromngsports?Peoplemightvaryintheirviews,butasIcanseeit,thiskindofactivityisofgreatimportanceforone’sphysicalhealth,whichisexactlytheelementapplyingforallaspectsofhumanlife,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.oftenstayuplateuntilthemidnight,withtheirdailylifetotallyupsidedown.canrelievetheirpressure,asolutionformanysub-healthproblems.Inthisway,physicalactivitiesbringanidealphysicalconditiontomostpeople,paniedwithgreatimprovementofefficiency.Withouthealthyconditions,itistotallyunrealistictoworkproperly,letaloneincreaseale.soundstraditional,butappliestoallaspectsofpeople’s InInthisway,itispossibleforthemtohavesomesub-healthsymptomssuchheadache,dizzinessanddimeyesightDuetoworkpressure,manypeoplereachtheirphysicallimit,thusencountersuddenphysicalandmentalcollapse,ormoreworse,suddendeath（接近生理極online,wecantakepartinmanysportsactivitiessuchasjogging,swimmingandyingbasketball.需要維持健康平衡的生活Theseactivitiesgivepeoplealotoffunandakindofpastime：這些活動給improvementalhealth（保持健康relievetheirpressurefromintensesocialcompetition（減壓UndernocircumstancesshallwethinkthatInternetcansolveourpracticalcoulditpossiblethattheyreturntotheirstudiesorhaveface-to-faceinctionwithothers?（網(wǎng)絡不萬能，消除壞習慣，保持傳統(tǒng)的溝通方式）Itisnotedthatyoungstersformagoodhabit,ortheywillliveadoublelife.Inthisway,theycankeepabalancebetweenthevirtualworldandtherealone復習基礎段的作文：Shouldchildrenyon-lineCommentontheDevelopmentofInternet.（考題commentonthedevelopmentofInternet.Somesocialresearchersholdtheopinionthatitsinfluenceisessentiallybeneficial,thoughnotwithoutsideeffects.ally,Ithinkthisremarkisjustified,ascanbeseeninthefollowingNowadays,Internetysakeyroleinalmosteveryaspectofhumanlife.onething,thankstoitsinvention,netuserscanenjoygreatconvenienceandefficiency,especiallyintheprocessofshop,jobapplicationorinformationwithawealthofup-to-dateinformationobtained,-to-communicationcanbegreatlyimproved.TheconclusionisthatInternetstrengthenshumaninction,reducingthegeographicalandpsychologicaldistanceamongpeopleindifferentregions.Somereadersmightpointoutthatthereexistsomeproblemsduringisaninvasionofprivacy:itispossiblethatnetusersleaktheir informationsuchastheirephonenumbers,on-lineaccountnumbersandtheirpasswords.Inthisway,itislikelythattheyfallpreytofinancialfraudanddeceptiveactivities.Eventhoughsuchsituationsarelesscommon,theydoexistinthedevelopmentofInternet.andpositive. Itsolvesmanypracticalproblemsformanycitizens,henceanindispensablepartinthesociallifeofhumanbeings.ThisstatementmightbetheyhaveaneasyaccesstoMSN,QQ,microblogs,Wi-FiaswellasWeChatMSN,QQ，、無線網(wǎng)和…Theinformationsourcethusesincreasinglydirect,openandnotonlyexchangetheiralideas,butalsoliftthemajorbarriers(Mutualunderstandingcanbeimproved,alongwithanenlargedfriendcircleandextensiveinformationsourcessideisthatyoungsterseincreasinglyalienated,andthenadoptedanattitudeofindifferencetowardstheirclassmates,friendsorevenparentsInthissituation,somepsychologicalproblemswouldprobablyariseAfeelingofbeingisolatedeincreasinglystrongIndulgedinavirtualworld,theseyoungstersesolitary,andtheirrelationshipwithotherfamilymembersismoreorlessweakened.家庭關系淡漠Convenienceiswhatwegainfromallofthistechnology,butaaltouchisoneofthethingswelose.便利是我們從這種技術中得到的，而人際接觸卻是我Inctionwithotherpeopleisstillimportant:noonewanttoendupinhishome,livingsolelyavirtualworld.Afterall,anon-linemessagetoourfriendsisasymbolofconvenience,butitneednotrececommunication.Wemightbeoverwhelmedwiththesenewgadgets,butastimegoeson,wewillreturntorealandalinctionoursociallife.發(fā)給朋友的信息也許是便利的標志，但是不能替代溝通。我們也許會。Supposeyou’vereadanessaythatstates:Computerisyinganincreasinglyimportantroleineducationsothatsomescholarsgettheideathattherewillbenoneedforschoolssomeday…Pleasewriteanarticleonthetopic:WillComputerReceSchools?（大學）EducationisprimarilyaalmatterithaslittletodowithschoolorIseducationsimplyaalmatter?Peoplemightvaryintheirviews,butasIcanseeit,schoolsseemtoyamoreimportantrole,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.manypeoplewithoutpropereducation.Foranotherthing,collegesarehigheracademicinstitutionwherealearnertoreceivesystematictraining,particularlyinthefieldofmedicalscience,lawstudiesandengineering.Asaresult,withouteducationalsystem,individualqualitiescannotbetremendouslyimprovedonthebasisofself-study,letaloneacquireprofessionalknowledge.Toconclude,Somereadersmightpointoutthatdiligenceanddevotioncannotbeignoredinone’slearning.Withoutactiveparticipation,itwouldbedifficulttoachieveacademicsuccess.Thisstatementdoescontainanelementoftruth:Butitseemstobeyondthereachofalefforts.Withoutformaleducationandextensivetraining,itisbarelyimpossibletoachieveacademicachievementbysimplyindependentlearning.Tosumup,despiteindividualefforts,theinfluenceofschoolsandcollegesisfarreaching,especiallyinanagecallingforprofessionalismandexpertise.ButIwouldsaythatthisphenomenonislesscommoninthemodernsociety.Thisconclusionisrational,thoughsoundstraditionalandconservative.1.1.acquiresolidtheoreticalknowledge2.fosterindependentyzingskillsandproblemsolving5.Witha,oneemorecompetitiveinthemarket carveoutone’scareerimprovestatusquoandadaptoneselftoahighlycompetitivesocietyTherearedifferentkindsofstudents:thosewhodon’tstudy;thosewhostudyhard,buthaveto,andthosewhoreallywanttostudyanddoitwell.Whatkindofstudentsareyou,why?（考題）Areessentialqualitiesinbornorcultivated?（華北電力年)QualitiesoftheTopResearchWorkers)攻讀博士的目標是、確定這個目標的原因是、如何努力實現(xiàn)（2005）(MyAimforDoctoralStudy)招法1：重心盡量前移：Nowadays,theyounggenerationin,liketheflowerinthegreenhouse,liveunderfullprotectionfromtheirparents.Parentswanttoshowalltheirlovedonotlettheirchildrendoanythingathome.Theygetlostwhenstepintothecomplexrealityandcannotfaceanyhardshipsanddifficulties.Childeducationhaseoneofthemostpopulartopicsdiscussedofchildeducationdoesmoreharmtothedevelopmentofoursocietyandourcivilizationthantochildrenthemselves.招法OutOne’sBestQualities”inabout200words.（民族大學views,butasIcanseeit,somepositivefeelingscanbedemonstrated,bringingSomeoutstandingqualities,Iwouldsay,canbedisyed,particularlywhenregionastypicalexamplesformyunderstandingofthistopic.Intheprocessofhandlingthiscrisis,peopleinthedisasterareashowtheircourageandbravery,bothofwhicharebestqualitiesofhumans.Foranotherthing,devotionandcooperationarefullydemonstratedtotheoutsideworld,whilethewholecountrydealswiththis,ratherthancomints,anxiety,andfear.Asaresult,thesegoodhumancharactersenablepeopletoethoseseeminglyinsurmountabledifficulties.Toconclude,itistheseadmirablealtraitsthatencouragepeopletodealwiththosepassiveemotionssuchasdepressionanddespair.Somereadersmightarguethatintimeofcrisis,people ebewildered,frustratedandpanic.Thesenegativefeelingsdopreventthemfromstepoutofshadow.Buttheothersideofthisissueisthatthankstocourage,braveryandsolidfaithisregainedinthebottomoftheirhearts.theyareourattitudetowardsaworldfullofuncertainties.Withoutthesetraits,howcoulditbepossibletosolvethosepsychologicalproblemsintheaftermathofadisaster?滿未知世界的態(tài)度。沒有這些特性，又怎么可能解決之后一系列的心理問題呢？andpessimism面對挑戰(zhàn)，不屈從于消極情緒（depression,anxiety,fear,hesitation)不消極、不悲觀、不絕望3.dealwithfailurerationallyshowconsiderablecourage,greatconfidence,unshakeablefaithin(optimism,dedication,devotion,hope)有勇氣、有信心、信念堅定（奉獻、執(zhí)著、 yahighlycompetitivespiritandexplorativeawareness題目：Inrecentyears,havingsafefoodonourdiningtablehasbeentheconcernofthepublicaswellastheernment.AccordingtoalawamendmentenactedinMay,2011,criminalsconvictedoffoodsafetycrimesthatcausedeathwillbeputdown.Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionentitledMyViewsonFoodSafetyinnolessthan180words.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerpunished,fromtenyearstodeathpenalty.ally,Iagreewithsuchapointofview,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Foodsafetyisofvitalimportanceintheeverydaylifeofmanycitizens,andthereforeitisessentialthatillegalactivitiesinthisfieldbebroughtunderdirectcontrol.Themajorreasonisthatsomelegalsoffoodindustrywanttoincreasetheirimmediateprofit,lackingoccupationalself-discipline,workethicsandhonestattitude.Meanwhile,thesepeopleseldomperformtheirsocialaretakenfromtheernmentdepartmentstocontroltheseactivities,thesefoodmanufacturersarebringingseriousdamagetopeople’shealth,andconsumers’topunishthoseillegalactivitiesinthefoodindustry.因在于一些食品業(yè)的法人追求眼前利潤，缺乏行業(yè)自律、工作操守和城市態(tài)度。同時，這Somereadersmightpointoutthatlifesentenceanddeathpenaltymightbetoosevereintheissueoffoodsafety.Thisremarkdoescontainanelementoftruth：thefactisthatharmfulsubstancesintheunhealthyfoodthreatenthephysicalhealthofmanyconsumers,eventheirlife.Soitisindeedjustifiedtobringthecrimeoffoodsafetyunderlaws,especiallywhenthesescausemassiveTosumup,foodqualityysaleadingroleintheeverydaylifeofmanybemaintained.Onlywhenthedepartmentsconcernedmakenscanthebenefitsofconsumersbeprotected.Otherwise,thefoodmarketwillprobablylosecontrol,hencesocialinstabilityandafterthat,fragiletrustof 社 ????Someprofit-orientedcompanieslackself-disciplineintheirto 識）profit-orientedactivities,someinterestgroupsgaintremendouseconomicbenefit,butmanyconsumerscannotprotecttheirself-interest.driveuptheprice,butseldompaycloseattentiontothequalityofgoods(creationandinnovation)不重視產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量 edishonestandgreedy；exploitconsumersbychargingahighprice對消費者收取高費用；inducecustomerstopurchasefakegoods誘使顧客 enterprise(aresponsibleresearcher道德敗壞、以身試法、破壞其公共形象）→unfavorablyinfluenceoursociety產(chǎn)生不利于社會的影響/upsetsocial23. relationshipindanger/thegapbetweenthemishardtobridge.（）24.Thecentralauthorityissupposedtoprovideaneffectivemechanismernmentdepartmentscanmakelawsagainst…建立機制 整26.ernmentdepartmentscan(make/develop/drawup)along-n27.ernmentmustlaunchalong-nthataimsatcontrolling…劃考題：Waron：2007年考題：HarmfulinAcademic變形考題：EconomicDevelopmentandWhatistherelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandConfucianism?Someofallthings,soConfucianismisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.ally,Idisagreewithsuchapointofview,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.tothoseleadingthinkersinancient.Asaresult,thedevelopmentofConfucianismsymbolizesculturalevolutionofthecivilization.Soitisimpropertothinkthatitisobsolete,withtheculturalvaluesneglectedinitsEconomicdevelopmentisamajorincentiveofsocialprogress.ThisstatementItisneverandvague,butalwaysconcreteandvisible.Infact,acountrywithoutculturalrootisneverinasustainableandhealthydevelopment,norcanitboosttheimageintheinternationalcommunity.Tosumup,Confucianismco-existswitheconomicgrowthin.Bothofthemaremajorpartsinthegreatrejuvenationofthenation.ItisessentialthatthecentralauthorityprovidesakindofeffectivemechanismfornationalintheconservationofConfuciusthought.TakeTake…foranexample,theyareworldfamous…Bothofthemcanberegardedthesumtotalofwisdom.以…為例，他們是世界著名的…。兩者都可以看做是智慧的standforatrailofancientcivilizationandanelementoftraditionalheritages.代表古代文明的發(fā)展軌跡，也是傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)的組成部分?！璫anberegardedasasymbolofculturaldistinctionsimageofacountry.贏得世界各國人民的好評，提升國家的國際形象?！璫anserveasthecatalysttotheeconomicgrowthandculturalTosumup,sometime-honoredtraditionsmustberespected.Afterall,afaithinone’sowntraditionalculturecaneffectivelyeliminatethefeelingofitsculturalvaluestotheotherpartoftheworldcanafeelingofpridebeevokedinthecitizens’hearts.Cultureisnotvagueand,butalwaysconcreteandvisible.空談無法讓國家擺脫文化自卑感：只有將自己的文化價值介紹Culturalexchangeshavenoboundary,andthereforetheglamorousculturalachievementofanethnicgroupmustbesharedbyothercountriesaroundtheglobe.獨特文化應該被國際社會接受/文化交流界，一個民族的文化成就應該被世界上的其他國家。ProtectionofAncientBuildingsin習題12000DevelopmentoftourismandtheprotectionofWhetheritisnecessarytodeveloptourism?Peoplemightvaryintheirviews,growth.Inthisprocess,theimportanceofenvironmentalprotectioncannotbeignored,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Evidently,thesocialandeconomicreturnoftourismisattractive.Foronething,intheprocessofdevelothisindustry,atouristcitycannotonlypoolitsvariousresources,butalsoadjustitsindustrialstructure.Inthisway,infrastructureconstructioncanbegreatlystrengthened,henceprovidingasolidbasistothesustainingurbangrowth.Foranotherthing,tourismgrowthwillprovidenewincentivetothelocaleconomy,becauseitsboomoften esasourceofernmentrevenueaswellasaproviderofjobopportunities.Toconclude,theinfluenceofencouragingtourismindustryisfarreaching,intermsofsocialdevelopmentandeconomicreward.residents.Butwitheffectivemeasurestakenbytheernment,theseproblemscanbeeffectivelysolved.Soinspiteofthesesideeffects,itisstillworthwhiletostimulatetourismindustry.oftourismindustry.Tobringitsnegativeinfluenceundercontrol,theernmentmeanwhile,withahighlevelofcivilization.話題2：考題：Whathasgainedfromholdingthe變體：WhatwillBeijinggainfromholdingtheWinteritisnecessaryforBeijingtohosttheWinterOlympics.Somepeople,particularlyeconomicandsocialresearchers,maintainthatthecapitalcityofwilldefiniybenefittremendouslyfromthisinternationalsportsevent.ally,Iagreewiththisstatement,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Foronething,inthepreparationofitsbidding,theBeijingCityernmentcannotonlypoolvariousresources,butalsoadjustitsindustrialstructure.Inthisway,infrastructureconstructioncanbegreatlystrengthened,henceprovidingaevent,theWinterOlympicswillprovidenewincentivetothedevelopmentoflocaleconomy,becauseaninternationalsportseventoftenesasourceofernmentrevenueaswellasaproviderofjobopportunities.Toconclude,theinfluenceofholdingthissportsgameisfarreachingforBeijing,intermsofeconomicrewardandsocialdevelopment.顯然，會的經(jīng)濟和社會回報是及其吸引人的。一方面，在申辦的準備期，市政Somereadersmightpointoutthatthereexistsomeproblems:Themostseriousoneincludethethreatofterroristattack,whiletheminoronesalsoincludecommutinginconveniencetothelocalresidents.Butwitheffectivemeasurestakenbytheernment,theseproblemscanbeeffectivelysolved.Soinspiteofthesesideeffects,itisstillworthwhiletohosttheWinterOlympicsinBeijing.Thisancientcitycanimpresstheinternationalcommunitywithitsnewimage:ametrowithalonghistory,butwithanawarenessofglobalization.常見的問題還包括：traffic常見的問題還包括：trafficjams(congestions)交通堵塞;trafficaccidentsairpollutionwaterpollutioncommutinginconveniencetolocalresidentslossofecologicalbalance4.appropriationoffarmlandfornon-agricultural5.pullingdownthehousestomakeroomforcommercialpurpose:6.Inthismacroeconomiccontrol,urbanization（globalizationincreasinglyintenseandmorefrequent.7.givemacroeconomic(microeconomic)control,8.8.increasetaxation:bein/outofaneconomicslumptakeconcretestepstoreduceunemploymentrate13.makebreakthroughsinmanymajorand14.meet(satisfy/conformto)internationalstandards：15.petewithotherindustrializednations（17.Itisessentialtoprovideaneffectivemechanismfor18.Itisimperativethaternmentdepartment 19.promotethesustainingsocialprogress:1.考題：High-speedraildevelopsatahighspeedin.Manypeople,ofHSRsisstillgatheringmomentumin.Wheredoyouthinkliesits2.考題：Theside-effectsofauto eincreasinglyimportant/isoftheutmostimportance/ysanimportantpart喜歡 eincreasinglyawareofthepositionof/beinpreference影響：Theinfluenceof…isessentially利弊：Thebenefitsof…outweightheso-calledfrom/gainnumerousmaterialbenefitfrom有害：…threatentodomoreharmthangood/turnablindeye1：Somereadersmightpointout2：Suchastatementdoescontainanelementof可以共存、不：theyturnouttobecompatible,andcanco-existinthesamesocialsetting.arelessisnotonlyimpractical,butunrealisticaswell,atleastinthecurrentsocialsetting.和傳統(tǒng)相：……seemstobecontradictorywithtraditionalideasandcommon他們是副產(chǎn)品，但是畢竟不是主流：Theyarethesideeffects(side-products),ratherthanthemainstream.不能因為其局限性就否定全部的價值：Itisunjustifiedtoignoreitscorevalue,whilehighlightingitslimitation.本質(zhì)不同，不可混為一談：…varyintheirnatures,anditisunjustifiedtomistake…for…即使存在，也能有效解決：Suchacanbeeffectivelyavoided Somereadersmightthinkthatmyconclusionistraditional,butitisatleastMyconclusionisrational,thoughsomereadersmightthinkthatitisTraditionalasitseems,myconclusionisatleast例句1：I etheopportunitycreatedforHongKongbytheelectionofMr.DongJianHuaasthechiefexecutiveofHongKongSAR.例句2：Themovieindustryreformprogramisthelatestreactiontothesharponthelivesofpeoplewhooperatenewmachines/andonthesocietyintowhichthemachinesareintroduced.例句：Butthefloodisn’twhatanyonecanfool例句：TheprevioussectionbyMr.Joneshasshownhowquicklyasongpassesfromtobe.existsaworld.Wherethereisaworld,thereexistsloveandhatred.notsomuchAasBaless(more)AthanBanythingbutnothingAisnoneotherthanB/nothingmoremindsofthoseinventorsandsparklingmindsofthoseinventorsandresearchers.Asamatteroffact,eachadvanceinsociallevelsisanythingnothing)butcertainprogressintoolsandinstruments.owingtoduetothanksAsaresultoutforthesakeof/Bymeansof/ByvirtueascribeAtoB；attributetobeattributedtoAcanbeascribedtoB(AcanbeattributedtocontributeAtoBAcontributetooweAtoBoweone’ssuccessto:calledthespiralflies.（之所以…是因為…）ofseveralwarlordstothecollapseoftheireconomicsystems.例句：Carscontributeenormouslytoair例句：Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishment（罪有應得）justiceisreflectedinisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyforawhohascommittedmurder.ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel,whobelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.這種罪有應得的司法概念反映在當代及法律程序的方方面面，我們要求對謀殺犯判死AoriginatefromB/AcanbetracedbacktoB/AarisefromB/AresultinB/AresultfromBresponsibleforblamefor:beresponsiblefor/Aistoblameforforvariouskindsofchronicdiseasesrangingfromhypertensiontolunch一些隱性的因果詞匯：involve/belinkedwith/beassociatedto/berelated例句：Anyconceivablemergerwouldinvolvea 例句：ManyhistorianstendtoascribethebankruptcyofsomeJapanesewarlordstoasrangingfrominflation.（infer:Inflationmightberelatedtothedecliningsituationofsomewarlords.）comes,andstopsatthattime.（at/on/in/during/until時間）cigarettes.Notuntil16thcenturydidEnglishpeopledevelopthehabitofsmokingcigarettes.)TheimportanceofInternethasbeenlargelyoverlookeduntilrecently.2)before:thedecisionwouldstand.3）insteadofng/ratherthan例句：InsteadofngtheirpartinimprovingtheairqualityinBeijing,manycitizenssetofffireworksandfirecrackersduringtheNewYear.failtodosomething/refuseoverlook/neglect/ignore/deprivesomebodyoffrom/befarfrombeing/lessthan/beinshortwouldhavedone/wouldnothaveBut,Nevertheless,However,實際上：Actually,Infact,Asamatteroffact,Indeed,Rather和“、不幸、諷刺、”：Astonishingly,Surprisingly,Shockingly,Stunningly,Startlingly,Unfortunay,Satirically,Ironically,第五部分:例文theseboundaries---theoneopeninganew-setoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead---muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.段落主旨歸納：Developmentsin19th-centuryEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents;theFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarI.Inbetweenthem,modernEuropewasEuropeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewli