萬年峰：化學(xué)農(nóng)藥污染控制評(píng)價(jià)的生態(tài)學(xué)理論體系與應(yīng)用實(shí)踐教學(xué)課件

第八屆全國(guó)青年植?？萍紕?chuàng)新學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥污染控制評(píng)價(jià)的生態(tài)學(xué)理論體系與應(yīng)用實(shí)踐萬年峰上海市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)研究所復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物多樣性與生態(tài)工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室我國(guó)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥污染現(xiàn)狀匯報(bào)提綱●化學(xué)農(nóng)藥源頭污染控制技術(shù)污染控制技術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)的生態(tài)學(xué)理論體系●污染控制評(píng)價(jià)的應(yīng)用與實(shí)踐展望、資助來源及階段性成果我國(guó)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥污染現(xiàn)狀、我國(guó)化學(xué)農(nóng)藥用量表1農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品使用量(折純量)及其分布Tab1Agri-Chemicalsuseanditsdistribution(10t)全國(guó)華北東北華東華中華南西南西北年份NationNorthNIthEasCentralSourhSouthNothYear化學(xué)wideChinaeasChinaChinaChinaweswest9801269,4125126.7428245122.5157.964.3農(nóng)藥20194253.8470.6347.11275.39130.247.6312.3用量20194766.2553.9408.91334.81143.2443.2524.3367.9逐年20195107.8592.8457.11373.91221.9482.15675412.6遞增。1959108710.85.738130.312.68.23.3農(nóng)0128010.88.543.535.814.11.33.9131.2|.110.045.335.314.61103.8204138.6/1.611845.43.015.110.44.2資料來派根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料》(歷年)計(jì)算。蔡榮,中國(guó)人口資源與環(huán)境,2019,20(3)2、單位耕地面積化學(xué)農(nóng)藥使用情況表3單位面積耕地農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品投入量Tab.3Agri-Chemicalsuseperunitareaofarableland(kg/hmm年份全國(guó)華北東北華東華中華南西南西北YearwideChinaeasChinaChinaChinawestwest2019306.120.159.1521.5456.5430.0213.2178.4肥304160592120662489970281農(nóng)195835.272641658515.1714.8N39201910.665.675.5021,l19.4717.93/5.002.60蔡榮,中國(guó)人口資源與環(huán)境,2019,20(3)3、農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品投入與溫室氣體排放Annualco2emissions%ooftotalgreenhousegasemissionsAgrichemicalproduction0.4billiontons(annualcoalconsumption.95%014-015billiontonsAgrichemicalsusedoncrops0.621billiontonsAgrichemicalsusedforlivestock0.223billiontons61%Agrichemicalsusedinfish00biliontons027%faming<Totals1.254billiontons34.32%Source.ThePeoolesRepubl4、化學(xué)農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)與溫室氣體排放AnmualchemicainitroganfertizerproduetionTotalnatoralgreenhousearsonGreenhouseession0.621billion24million100150PollutedfarmilliontonsnovalchevalfertilemilliontonsprawotoCorEUEETomitonsc83n0130bonkilovolthourofelectricity2P7SUCEsEEI色們j5merandResAnmualchemiealpesbedeprdeterCoelonsumption.cmontonsAnnualchemicaladctiveproductionGerh心umBi-42paller1.Coalconsumpton-24miibontonstonEorCOGreerpoueeension83millontonEofCo25、化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的“功”與“過”“功”:增加產(chǎn)量、減少病蟲草危害;“過”:病蟲害抗藥性增強(qiáng)、殺傷自然天敵、生物多樣性下降、食品安全、高碳農(nóng)業(yè)……化學(xué)農(nóng)藥通過食物鏈進(jìn)入生物體化學(xué)農(nóng)藥源頭污染控制技術(shù)1、國(guó)外典型案例為減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥用量,從源頭上控制農(nóng)藥污染,歐美各國(guó)從20世紀(jì)80年代開始在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中廣泛采用先進(jìn)技術(shù)。迄今,瑞典、丹麥、挪威、法