新概念2第77課(定語(yǔ)從句)課件

Lesson77AsuccessfuloperationOperationn.操作；實(shí)施；[外科]手術(shù)；運(yùn)算1)手術(shù)：haveanoperation(onsb.)動(dòng)手術(shù)

giveanoperationonsb.forsth.給某人作…手術(shù)Eg:醫(yī)生給他做了癌癥手術(shù)

Thedoctorgaveanoperationonhimforcancer2)實(shí)施；生效：beinoperation

comeintooperationEg:這條規(guī)定生效了嗎？

Isthisruleinoperationyet?

這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候?qū)嵤?/p>

Whenwilltheplancomeintooperation?Markn.標(biāo)志；斑點(diǎn)；符號(hào)vi.作記號(hào)vt.標(biāo)志；做標(biāo)記于；打分?jǐn)?shù)markon

在…上做記號(hào)hitthemark

打中目標(biāo)；成功Eg:商品上都標(biāo)有價(jià)格

Pricesaremarkedonthegoods.sign

普通用詞，指公認(rèn)事物的記號(hào)，或某種情況的征兆。symbol

指作象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物。mark

普通用詞，指便于辨認(rèn)而做的標(biāo)記，或自然形成的標(biāo)記斑點(diǎn)。signal

指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)。lastvi.

1)持續(xù)，延續(xù)(沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))會(huì)議進(jìn)行了3個(gè)小時(shí)

Themeetinglaststhreehours.兩國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一直持續(xù)到1453年。

Thewarbetweenthetwocountrieslasteduntil1453.2)最不可能…的,最不…的(mostunlikely)他是我最不想見的人

HeisthelastmanintheworldIwanttosee.Prove1)vi.顯示，表明

prove+tobe+adj.結(jié)果證實(shí)他是那本書的作者

Heprovedtobetheauthorofthebook.2)vt.證明，證實(shí)我將會(huì)證明給你看

Iwillproveittoyou.Survivev.幸存；生還；幸免于survivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者victimn.受害者，死難者surviveon

靠…活下來(lái)；靠…生存Eg：沒有乘客在空難中幸存。Noneofthepassengerssurvivedintheaircrash.我很想知道他們靠那么可憐的收入是怎么活下來(lái)的。Iwonderhowtheycansurviveonsuchpoorincome.IntensiveReadingThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.

hasjusthad

anoperation.Phrase(詞組)haveanoperation做手術(shù)B.C.=BeforeChrist(耶穌誕生之前=公元前)A.D.=sinceChristwasborn(耶穌誕生之后=公元)A.D.寫在年數(shù)之前，B.C.寫在年數(shù)之后由公元前三百年到公元前四百年from300B.C.toA.D.400Grammar(語(yǔ)法)whodiedin800B.C.定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞womanhasjusthad現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)just表示剛剛，表示剛剛做完手術(shù)AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,

doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Phrase：dieof+內(nèi)因：死于…（疾?。?，因…而死diefrom+外因：死于…Eg:Hediedfromtheaccident.dieoff：相繼死亡，種群突然急劇的衰減Eg:Rabbitsweredyingoffinthattown.dieout：滅絕；完全的滅亡Eg：Thistribeandthetribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.bedyingto/for：渴望Eg：Iamdyingforabottleofcoke.Grammar：Therebe+n.+介詞短語(yǔ)一個(gè)字表示“有”；四個(gè)字表示“客觀存在”+介詞短語(yǔ)表示：存在的位置，地點(diǎn)，有什么，在哪里所以翻譯就是：“有奇怪的斑點(diǎn)，在X光的底片上”theX-rayplatestakenofthemummy過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)whether…引出賓語(yǔ)從句（前面findout是介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接賓語(yǔ)，因此是賓從）Grammar：havebeentrying

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havedone（現(xiàn)在的之前，對(duì)現(xiàn)在一直有影響，但做完沒做完不確定）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：havebeendoing（屬于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去開始做，直到現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行）醫(yī)生們努力的找，過去就開始找了，現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行找。Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Phrase:removeremovefrom除掉，移動(dòng)removeoneself挪動(dòng)，走開Eg:Sheremovedherself.她走開了。(1)移開，取走，拿走Eg:有一會(huì)兒他的思想沒有從她的面孔上移開

Foramomenthedidnotremovehiseyesfromherface.(2)除掉Eg:衣服上的這些墨水污點(diǎn)洗得掉嗎？

Cantheinkberemovedfromtheclothes?yet表達(dá)“還，尚，仍”，用于否定句和疑問句中，大多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞連用?？煞庞诰淠?。Eg:我還沒碰到Eric。

IhavenotmetEricyet.

你吃午餐了嗎？

Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Grammar1）在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours，butIhaven'tfinishedit.這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，但我還沒讀完。I'vereadthisbook.我已讀完這本書了。2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是這樣工作的。3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.

最近我們經(jīng)常見面?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性,它是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.We‘velivedherefortenyears.我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)住了十年了。2）在不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過去已結(jié)束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.（還在進(jìn)行）學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已經(jīng)結(jié)束）學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。3）有些表示狀態(tài)，感情，感覺的動(dòng)詞如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They'veknowneachothersince1970.自從1970年起他們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。since,for,agoSince用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)since的四種用法

1)since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段時(shí)間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+從句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeen

here.4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudentTheAttributiveClause定語(yǔ)從句1.Ilikethegirlwhoiswearingahatandsmiling.一、定語(yǔ)從句概念○2.Inmysparetime,IcandoanythingIlike.修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句被稱為定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when,whyIlikethegirlwhoiswearingahatandsmiling.二、幾個(gè)重要的專有名詞1)Thestudents

(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2)Thewoman

(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.主句：ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面.三、關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)主句：先行詞定語(yǔ)從句位置1.如果先行詞是人,關(guān)系代詞可用

who,whom,

whose,that，它們的用法區(qū)別：1)who/that作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),whom只能作賓語(yǔ)。①Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.②Thewomanwho/thatmyfatheristalkingwith

isMr.Zhang.四、關(guān)系代詞用法的區(qū)別2)Whom作定從的賓語(yǔ),介詞提前，只能用whom.ThewomanwithwhommyfatheristalkingisMrZhang.whom難用的關(guān)系詞whose

①Theteacherpraisedthestudent

whoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.whose=thestudent’s②Thehouse

whosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’s

Whose的先行詞可以是人或物，whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格，在定從中作定語(yǔ)。2.如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用______或_____

thatwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).①Ilikethedogwhich/thatcanwatchdoors.②Thecarwhich/thatmyfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar_______________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents______________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbook___________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that/that練習(xí)1:填上適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞1).先行詞是one,ones,anyone,someone,those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who.

Theoneswhostudyhardwillprobablygetgoodgrades.

ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallareourfriends.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who

Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.

Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.3.who、that在指人時(shí),可以通用,但下列宜用

who,不用

that

Allthethingsthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.

1.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),用that.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行詞是all,little,few,much,some,none,

everything,

something,nothing,anything等時(shí),用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行詞被all,some,any,few,much,little,thevery,theonly，thesame修飾時(shí),用that.用that而不用which的情況4.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that.Icanrememberthepersonsandsomepictures

(that)Isee.

Thisisthedogwhich/thatshouldbetakengoodcareof.注意：?。〗樵~提前時(shí)只能用which而不能用that。由動(dòng)詞和介詞構(gòu)成的詞組，介詞通常不提前。注意：??！介詞提前時(shí)只能用which而不能用that。由動(dòng)詞和介詞構(gòu)成的詞組，介詞通常不提前。Isthisthelibrary

youborrowbooks?fromthatfromwhichThisisthedogwhich/thatshouldbetakengoodcareof.練習(xí)2：用關(guān)系代詞填空1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.8.Isthisthelibraryfrom________

youborrowbooks?thatthatthatthatwhich定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞在定從中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>

時(shí)間名詞地點(diǎn)名詞when=at/in/on+which時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where=at/in/on+which原因名詞why=for+which原因狀語(yǔ)

1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworked

together.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

1.Iwenttotheplace

______________

Iworkedtenyearsago.

2.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

1.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

2.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

whenwhichwherewhichwhythat/which幾種易混的情況及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞歸納:關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間,關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系副詞why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。即使先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，原因，若作從句中的賓語(yǔ)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that,which，why.詞形先行詞在句中作用關(guān)系代詞that人或物主,賓語(yǔ)which物主,賓語(yǔ)who人主,賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)Whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞When(=介詞+which)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Where(=介詞+which)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Why(=forwhich)原因狀語(yǔ)確定定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的一般步驟：1.找出主句、從句和先行詞，先行詞一般是空格前的單詞或詞組。2.將先行詞代入定從，還原從句為完整句子。3.根據(jù)先行詞在還原句中的成分確定關(guān)系詞。

I’llneverforgettheday

Ijoinedtheleague.

1.Ijoinedtheleaguetheday.2.Ijoinedtheleagueontheday.FTwhen練習(xí)3：填上適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞.1.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.3.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.4.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.5.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.when/onwhichthat/whichwherewhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich練習(xí)4Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thereisnothing_________Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.Doyouknowtheman_________iswearingglasses?A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where3.Theboy_________isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where4.I'llneverforgettheday_________Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when5.Ican'tfindthebook_________mymotherboughtA.whoB.whenC.whichD.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)練習(xí)46.Thefilm________Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.that7.Isthereanything_________Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what8.All____isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.things9.Isthisthefactory_________youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what(D)(A)(B)(A)10.Heistheveryoneofthestudents____goodatEnglish.

A.whodoesB.thatis

C.whomdoD.whichare11.Thesecondbook___IwanttoreadisHarryPotter.

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.as12.Thedays___Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.