2023年高二暑假話題閱讀專練（詞匯積累）：自然（含解析）

第第頁2023年高二暑假話題閱讀專練（詞匯積累）：自然（含解析）2023年高二暑假話題閱讀專練（詞匯積累）：自然

（共5題）

一、閱讀理解題（共5題）

Thezebrabelongstothehorsefamily.Oneofnature'sgreatmysteriesiswhythezebrahasstripes.Onetheoryisthatthestripeshelpthezebracooldown.Onhotdaystheblackstripesgetalothotterthanthewhiteareaofthezebraandundertheblackstripestherearespeciallayersoffatforprotection.Hotairthenrisesofftheblackstripes,forcingcolderairdownaroundthewhitearea,coolingthezebradown.This,however,isjustakindoftheory.Thestripescanalsoconfusepredators(食肉動物，掠奪者)whenzebrasstaywithotheranimalsingreatnumbers.

Zebrashaveexcellenthearingandeyesightandcanrunatspeedsofupto56kilometersperhour.Theyalsohaveapowerfulkickthatcancauseseriousinjuriestoapredator,likealion,oranAfricanwilddog.Usuallytheleadmaleoftheherd(畜群)staysatthebackofthegrouptodefendagainstpredatorsifnecessary,whilethefemalesandyoungstersescapedanger.

Zebrasareherbivoresthatfeedonlyonplantsandlivemostlybyeatinggrass,althoughtheyalsomighteatabitoftheleavesandstems(莖)ofbushes.Theyeatgrassformanyhourseachday,usingtheirstrongteeth.Spendingsomuchtimechewingwearsthezebras'teethdown,sotheirteethkeepgrowingalltheirlives.Asthedryseasonarrivesandthegrassdiesback,zebraherdstraveltofindmorefoodandwaterholesfordrinking.Mostzebrashavenospecificterritories.Theytravelfromplacetoplace,neverstayinginoneareaverylong.

(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.

A．therearedifferentopinionsaboutwhythezebrahasstripes

B．theblackstripeshelpthezebralivethroughcolddays

C．thezebracanbeeasilyattackedbypredators

D．thezebraalwaystravelswithotheranimals

(2)Accordingtothepassage,herbivoresareanimalsthat_____.

A．havespecificterritoriesB．onlyeatplants

C．killandeatotheranimalsD．liveingroups

(3)Thezebrashavestrongteethalltheirlivesbecausetheirteeth_____.

A．onlychewsoftgrassesB．a(chǎn)reusedallday

C．a(chǎn)realwaysgrowingD．a(chǎn)rekeptclean

(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutzebrasistrue

A．Theyhavepooreyesightandhearing.

B．Alioncangetinjuredbyazebra'skick.

C．Theycanrun56milesperhour.

D．Theyusuallystayinoneareaalltheirlives.

ThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline.Atthattime,thewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacierdescended,however,itexpendedenormousforceonthosemountains,andtheysankintothesea.

Asthemountainssank,oceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremainingland,formingaseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons(咸水湖).Thehighestpartsoftheformermountainrange,nearesttheshore,remainedasislands.Marinefossilsfoundherewere225feetabovesealevel,indicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.

The2,500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabited,butmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.Mt.DesertIslandisoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles,Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands,

Foryears,Mt.DesertIsland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement,BarHarbor,affordedsummerhomeforthewealthy.Recentlythough,BarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.But,thebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetheislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperateandsub-Arcticzones,theislandsupportstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeach,inland,andalpine(高山的)plants.TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycamping,cycling,andboating.Ortheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseum,learningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.

ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.Thismountainrises1,532feet,makingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseashore.Fromthesummit,youcangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyaretreatingglacier.

(1)

A．Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.

B．Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.

C．ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.

D．Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.

E．Approximately40milesoftheseroadsarewithinAcadiaNationalParkandopenonlytohikers,bicyclists,horsebackriders,horse-drawncarriagesandcrosscountryskiers.

F．ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.

(2)

A．Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.

B．Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.

C．ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.

D．Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.

E．Approximately40milesoftheseroadsarewithinAcadiaNationalParkandopenonlytohikers,bicyclists,horsebackriders,horse-drawncarriagesandcrosscountryskiers.

F．ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.

(3)

A．Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.

B．Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.

C．ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.

D．Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.

E．Approximately40milesoftheseroadsarewithinAcadiaNationalParkandopenonlytohikers,bicyclists,horsebackriders,horse-drawncarriagesandcrosscountryskiers.

F．ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.

(4)

A．Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.

B．Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.

C．ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.

D．Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.

E．Approximately40milesoftheseroadsarewithinAcadiaNationalParkandopenonlytohikers,bicyclists,horsebackriders,horse-drawncarriagesandcrosscountryskiers.

F．ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.

Aleadinginternationalgrouphastakenthegiantpandaoffitsendangeredlistthankstodecadesofconservationefforts,butChina'sgovernmentisunwillingtoacceptthechange,sayingitdidnotviewthestatusofthecountry'sbelovedsymbolasanylessserious.

TheInternationalUnionforConservationNaturesaidinareportreleasedSundaythatthepandaisnowclassifiedasa"vulnerable"insteadof"endangered"species,reflectingitsgrowingnumbersinthewildinsouthernChina.ThatistheresultofworkbyChineseagenciestocarryouthuntingbansandexpandforestreserves.

Inastatement,China'sStateForestryAdministrationsaidthatitdoubtedtheclassificationchangebecausepandas'naturalhabitatshavebeenseparatedbynaturalandhumancauses.Theanimalsliveinsmall,isolatedgroupsofasfewas10pandasthatstruggletoreproduceandfacetheriskofdisappearingaltogether.Ifwerelaxourconservationwork,thepopulationsandhabitatsofgiantpandaswouldstillsufferagreatloss.Therefore,we'renotbeingalarmist(危言聳聽的)bycontinuingtoemphasizethepandaspecies'endangeredstatus.

Still,otheranimalprotectionorganizationspraisedtherecoveryofthepandas.JohnHoward,aseniorofficialatWorldSocietyfortheProtectionofAnimals,expressedhissatisfactionovertheeffectivemeasurestakenbytheChinesegovernment.TheChinesegovernmentandtheWorldWildFund(WWF)firstestablishedtheWolongNationalNatureReserveinSichuanprovincein1980.WildpandanumbershavesinceslowlyreboundedasChinacrackeddownontheskintrade.

Overthelastfewdecades,internationalgroupsandtheChinesegovernmenthaveworkedtosavewildpandasandbreedtheminfaceoftheirextinction.ItisnotsurprisingthattheWWF,whoselogohasbeenapandasince1961,celebratedthepanda'sre-classification.

(1)

A．Asaresult,ourachievementswouldbequicklylost.

B．Thewildpandapopulationjumpto1,864in2023from1,596in2023.

C．PandahaslongbeenasymbolofChinaandtheglobalconservationmovement.

D．AndChinagraduallyexpandeditsprotectedforestareastocover1.4millionhectaresnow.

E．SomepandashavebeensenttozoosaroundtheworldasagestureofChinesediplomaticgoodwill.

F．Itsaysthataggressiveinvestmentdoespayoffwhenscience,politicalwillandengagementcometogether.

(2)

A．Asaresult,ourachievementswouldbequicklylost.

B．Thewildpandapopulationjumpto1,864in2023from1,596in2023.

C．PandahaslongbeenasymbolofChinaandtheglobalconservationmovement.

D．AndChinagraduallyexpandeditsprotectedforestareastocover1.4millionhectaresnow.

E．SomepandashavebeensenttozoosaroundtheworldasagestureofChinesediplomaticgoodwill.

F．Itsaysthataggressiveinvestmentdoespayoffwhenscience,politicalwillandengagementcometogether.

(3)

A．Asaresult,ourachievementswouldbequicklylost.

B．Thewildpandapopulationjumpto1,864in2023from1,596in2023.

C．PandahaslongbeenasymbolofChinaandtheglobalconservationmovement.

D．AndChinagraduallyexpandeditsprotectedforestareastocover1.4millionhectaresnow.

E．SomepandashavebeensenttozoosaroundtheworldasagestureofChinesediplomaticgoodwill.

F．Itsaysthataggressiveinvestmentdoespayoffwhenscience,politicalwillandengagementcometogether.

(4)

A．Asaresult,ourachievementswouldbequicklylost.

B．Thewildpandapopulationjumpto1,864in2023from1,596in2023.

C．PandahaslongbeenasymbolofChinaandtheglobalconservationmovement.

D．AndChinagraduallyexpandeditsprotectedforestareastocover1.4millionhectaresnow.

E．SomepandashavebeensenttozoosaroundtheworldasagestureofChinesediplomaticgoodwill.

F．Itsaysthataggressiveinvestmentdoespayoffwhenscience,politicalwillandengagementcometogether.

TheAmazonRainforest:ANaturalTreasure

WelcometotheAmazonrainforest.Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,itplaysasignificantroleinmaintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth'secosystem.

TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries.Withanareaofaround5.5millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,isabout6,440kilometresinlength.Onitsjourneyfromthemountainstotheocean,theriversupportsmanydifferentecosystems..

Ofthe390,000plantspeciesknowntoman,morethan40,000canbefoundintheAmazonrainforest.Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.Atthebottom,thereisasystemofrootsbeneaththeground.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor..Thentherearethetoweringancienthardwoods,andfinallythetopsofthetallesttreesmanymetresabovetheground.Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld,hometodifferentkindsoflivingthings.

Morethan1,300speciesofbirdsandover400speciesofmammalshideamongthejungle'splantlife.Thejaguarisoneexample.Ithasyellowish-browncoatwithblackspots.Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain..Thesefrogs,inturn,feedoninsectswhicheatleavesandfruit.Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheEarth.

TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetbyfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth'soxygen..Moreover,theAmazonrainforestisatreasurehouseofspeciesthatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.Yetthereisonemajordangertotheseirreplaceableplantsandanimals:us.

.Astheimpactofhumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarmingcontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion:canweaffordtodamagethe"lungsoftheplanet"

(1)

A．Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs

B．Thus,itisoftenknownasthe"lungsoftheplanet"

C．Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest

D．Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves

E．TheygivethisareatherichestspeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarth

F．CurrentlythetreesintheAmazonrainforesttakeinaround500milliontonnesofCOeachyear

G．Overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities

(2)

A．Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs

B．Thus,itisoftenknownasthe"lungsoftheplanet"

C．Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest

D．Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves

E．TheygivethisareatherichestspeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarth

F．CurrentlythetreesintheAmazonrainforesttakeinaround500milliontonnesofCOeachyear

G．Overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities

(3)

A．Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs

B．Thus,itisoftenknownasthe"lungsoftheplanet"

C．Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest

D．Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves

E．TheygivethisareatherichestspeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarth

F．CurrentlythetreesintheAmazonrainforesttakeinaround500milliontonnesofCOeachyear

G．Overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities

(4)

A．Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs

B．Thus,itisoftenknownasthe"lungsoftheplanet"

C．Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest

D．Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves

E．TheygivethisareatherichestspeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarth

F．CurrentlythetreesintheAmazonrainforesttakeinaround500milliontonnesofCOeachyear

G．Overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities

(5)

A．Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs

B．Thus,itisoftenknownasthe"lungsoftheplanet"

C．Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforest

D．Thenextlevelismadeupofshorterplantswithlargeleaves

E．TheygivethisareatherichestspeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarth

F．CurrentlythetreesintheAmazonrainforesttakeinaround500milliontonnesofCOeachyear

G．Overthepast50years,17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivities

Thesituationoftheworld'splantsisnotgood.Onefifthofthekindsofplantsareindangerofdisappearing,accordingtoareport.

"Plantsareveryvitaltohumanbeings,"saidKathyWillis,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideuswitheverything—food,fuel,andmedicine,andtheyareveryimportantforourclimatecontrolling.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere."

Thegoodnewsisthatdeforestationrates(森林砍伐率)aroundtheworldhavedroppedlargelysincethe1950s.However,thisreportonthehealthofplantsaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.

Thereportpredictsthattherearenow390,900kindsofplants.Andabout21percentofthoseplantsareindangerofdisappearing."Thegoodsideisthatwe'restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000eachyear,"saidDr.Willis."Thebadsideisthatwe'veseenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlycausedbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitofclimatechangeinthereaswell."

Humanactivityhasagreateffectonthedangerofplantsdisappearing.Ashumanscutdownforeststomakeroomforagriculture(農(nóng)業(yè)),townsandcities,biodiversity(生物多樣性)islost.Thiscouldnotonlyaffectourownfoodsupplydirectly,butalsoaffectthefoodweb.

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vital"inParagraph2probablymean

A．Useless.B．Friendly.C．Equal.D．Important.

(2)WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.Willisagreewith

A．Newplantsaremorethaneverbefore.

B．Abouthalftheplantswilldisappearsoon.

C．Manynewplantsarefoundeveryyear.

D．Plantsmustn'tbeusedtoproducemedicine.

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph

A．Wehavemadelittleprogress.

B．Thereisalongwayforustogo.

C．Wehaveachievedourgoal.

D．Therewillbenothingwecando.

(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A．BiodiversityBeingLostB．HumanSocialActivity

C．EnvironmentProtectionD．NatureClima