數(shù)字字符串和集合課件

數(shù)字字符串和集合課件數(shù)字字符串和集合課件數(shù)字字符串和集合課件數(shù)字、字符串和集合數(shù)字對(duì)象int、float等基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型，不是對(duì)象，不能向它們發(fā)送消息。而Foundation的對(duì)象NSArray數(shù)組中不能將基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)來(lái)。NSNumber類(lèi)可以創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象。NSNumber的創(chuàng)建方法和檢索方法，如下：字符串對(duì)象NSString類(lèi)用于處理字符串對(duì)象，由unichar字符組成。NSConstantString常量字符串對(duì)象，是NSString類(lèi)的子類(lèi)。如：NSString*str=”P(pán)rogrammingisfun”NSLog(”%”,str);可變字符串與不可變字符串NSString類(lèi)處理不可變對(duì)象NSMutableString類(lèi)處理可變對(duì)象例1Nstring字符串：NSString*str1="ThisastringA";NSString*str2="ThisastringB";NSString*res=[NSStringstringWithString:str1];str2=[str1stringByAppendingString:str2];if([str1isEqualToString:res]==YES)NSLog("str1==res");NSComparisonResultresult=[str1compare:str2];if(result==NSOrderedAscending){NSLog("str1<str2");}elseif(result==NSOrderedDescending){NSLog("str1>str2");}res=[str1uppercaseString];NSLog("%s",[resUTF8String]);

res=[str1substringToIndex:4];NSLog("First4charsofstr1%",res);res=[str1substringFromIndex:4];NSLog("charsfromindexof4ofstr1:%",res);res=[[str1substringFromIndex:8]substringToIndex:6];NSLog("charsfromindex8through13:%",res);res=[str1substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(8,6)];NSLog("charsfromindex8through13:%",res);NSRangesubRange=[str1rangeOfString:"StringA"];NSLog("stringisatindex%lu,lengthis%lu",subRange.location,subRange.length);subRange=[str1rangeOfString:"StringB"];if(subRange.location==NSNotFound){NSLog("stringnotfound");

例2：NSMutableStringNSString*str1="ThisisstringA";NSString*search,*replace;NSMutableString*mstr;NSRangesubstrRange;mstr=[NSMutableStringstringWithString:str1];[mstrinsertString:"mutable"atIndex:7];[mstrinsertString:"andstringB"atIndex:[mstrlength]];[mstrappendString:"andstringC"];[mstrdeleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(16,13)];

substrRange=[mstrrangeOfString:"stringBand"];if(substrRange.location!=NSNotFound){[mstrdeleteCharactersInRange:substrRange];}[mstrsetString:"ThisisstringA"];[mstrreplaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(8,8)withString:"amutablestring"];search="Thisis";replace="Anexampleof”;substrRange=[mstrrangeOfString:search];

if(substrRange.location!=NSNotFound){[mstrreplaceCharactersInRange:substrRangewithString:replace];}search="a";replace="X”;substrRange=[mstrrangeOfString:search];while(substrRange.location!=NSNotFound){[mstrreplaceCharactersInRange:substrRangewithString:replace];substrRange=[mstrrangeOfString:search];}數(shù)組對(duì)象Foundation數(shù)組是有序的對(duì)象集合一個(gè)數(shù)組中的元素都是一個(gè)特定類(lèi)型，但不是必需的存在可變數(shù)組NSMutableArray和不可變數(shù)組NSArray要在程序中使用數(shù)組對(duì)象，應(yīng)包括相應(yīng)頭文件#import<Foundation/NSArray.h>NSArray*monthNames=[NSArrayarrayWithObjects:"January","Febrary","March","April”,nil]; NSLog("%",monthNames);

inti,p,prevPrime;BOOLisPrime;NSMutableArray*primes=[NSMutableArrayarrayWithCapacity:20];[primesaddObject:[NSNumbernumberWithInt:2]];[primesaddObject:[NSNumbernumberWithInt:3]];for(p=5;p<=100;p+=2){isPrime=YES;i=1;

do{prevPrime=(int)[[primesobjectAtIndex:i]integerValue];if(p%prevPrime==0){isPrime=NO;}++I;}while(isPrime==YES&&p/prevPrime>=prevPrime);if(isPrime){[primesaddObject:[NSNumbernumberWithInt:p]];}}

示例：制作地址簿第一步：生成一個(gè)地址卡片AddressCard類(lèi)，僅包含姓名和email字段，設(shè)置卡片的姓名和email字段，檢索這些字段的內(nèi)容，并打印卡片。interfaceAddressCard:NSObject{NSString*name;NSString*email;}-(void)setName:(NSString*)theName;-(void)setEmail:(NSString*)theEmail;-(NSString*)name;-(NSString*)email;-(void)print;end

-(void)setName:(NSString*)theName{//name=theName;//name=[[NSStringalloc]initWithString:theName];

//如果某人更改了卡片上的姓名，在使用新姓名代替舊姓名前，釋放舊姓名所占用的內(nèi)存[namerelease];name=[[NSStringalloc]initWithString:theName];}

-(void)print{NSLog("=========================");NSLog("|%-31s|",[nameUTF8String]);NSLog("|%-31s|",[emailUTF8String]);}//需要重載dealloc方法，在釋放AddressCard對(duì)象的內(nèi)存時(shí)，其成員的內(nèi)存一并釋放-(void)dealloc{[namerelease];[emailrelease];[superdealloc];}

修改AddressCard類(lèi)，如下：interfaceAddressCard:NSObject{NSString*name;NSString*email;}property(nonatomic,copy)NSString*name,*email;-(void)setName:(NSString*)thenameandEmail:(NSString*)theEmail;end

implementationAddressCardsynthesizename,email;-(void)setName:(NSString*)thenameandEmail:(NSString*)theEmail{=thename;self.email=theEmail;}end

第二步，定義地址簿AddressBook類(lèi)，存儲(chǔ)地址簿的名字和一個(gè)AddressCard集合?？梢詣?chuàng)建新地址簿，向其添加地址卡片，計(jì)算地址簿的記錄數(shù)，列出地址簿的內(nèi)容。后續(xù)功能：搜索地址簿，刪除記錄，編輯現(xiàn)有記錄，將記錄排序等

#import"AddressCard.h";interfaceAddressBook:NSObject{NSString*bookName;NSMutableArray*book;}-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name;-(void)addCard:(AddressCard*)theCard;-(int)entries;-(void)list;-(void)dealloc;end

implementationAddressBook-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name{self=[superinit];if(self){bookName=[[NSStringalloc]initWithString:name];book=[[NSMutableArrayalloc]init];}returnself;}

-(void)addCard:(AddressCard*)theCard{[bookaddObject:theCard];}-(int)entries{return(int)[bookcount];}-(void)list{NSLog("=======Contentsof:%=======",bookName);for(AddressCard*cardinbook){NSLog("%-20s%32s",[UTF8String],[card.emailUTF8String]);}}

-(void)dealloc{[bookNamerelease];[bookrelease];[superdealloc];}end

在地址簿中查找某人：-(AddressCard*)lookup:(NSString*)theName{for(AddressCard*nextCardinbook){if([[nextCardname]caseInsensitiveCompare:theName]==NSOrderedSame){returnnextCard;}}returnnil;}

在地址簿中刪除某人-(void)removeCard:(AddressCard*)theCard{[bookremoveObjectIdenticalTo:theCard];}詞典對(duì)象Dictionary是由鍵-對(duì)象組成的數(shù)據(jù)集合詞典中的鍵必須是單值的，通常是字符串和鍵關(guān)聯(lián)的值

可以是任何對(duì)象類(lèi)型，不能為nil詞典可以是固定的，也可以是可變的NSDictionary*glossary1=[NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:"Aclassdefinedsootherclassescaninheritfromit","abstractclass","Toimplementallthemethoddefinedinaprotocol","adopt","storinganobjectforlateruse","archiving",nil];

NSMutableDictionary*glossary2=[NSMutableDictionarydictionary];[glossary2setObject:"Aclassdefinedsootherclassescaninheritfromit"forKey:"abstractclass"];[glossary2setObject:"Toimplementallthemethoddefinedinaprotocol"forKey:"adopt"];[glossary2setObject:"storinganobjectforlateruse"forKey:"archiving"];for(NSString*keyinglossary2){NSLog("%,%",key,[glossary2objectForKey:key]);}練習(xí)1、修改AddressBook中的lookup:方法，使之能夠找出name的部分匹配。消息表達(dá)式：[myBookl