浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)《項(xiàng)目評(píng)估》第三章

第三章市場(chǎng)分析與生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的評(píng)估

本章要求掌握市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)的基本方法，保本規(guī)模、合理規(guī)模、經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模確定的方法。理解制約項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的主要因素。了解市場(chǎng)調(diào)查的內(nèi)容。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)主要內(nèi)容3.1市場(chǎng)分析3.2生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的評(píng)估33逃.診1市蹈場(chǎng)走分毒析市撕場(chǎng)羽分巷析塵的與概鄰念狹所義僚的—閱—就偽是春市妖場(chǎng)粥調(diào)肉查參研抵究潮，喘是綿指糊以體科案學(xué)扎方摧法啞收丘集繳消偏費(fèi)匯者愚購掠買遲和但使瞞用疑商茂品息的法事短實(shí)勻、諸意嚴(yán)見頑、吼動(dòng)商機(jī)比等熟信挨息橫資鉗料他并遵予錦以器研否究祝分澇析館的博手齒段終。廣坡義隆的—洗—是柿指月通勿過榨市索場(chǎng)估調(diào)剪查串和租供狠求端預(yù)遺測(cè)柜，純根杏據(jù)烈項(xiàng)蓬目裳產(chǎn)存品已的矮市護(hù)場(chǎng)源環(huán)叛境終、汁競(jìng)慮爭拴能軋力渠和萬競(jìng)智爭蜂者戴狀零況問，籃分曬析抽、本判飛斷盼項(xiàng)網(wǎng)目宰投塑產(chǎn)倍后顯所射生際產(chǎn)盾的功產(chǎn)冶品勝在戴有職限還的嗎時(shí)養(yǎng)間鐘內(nèi)賤是害否遲有多市碎場(chǎng)勝，朽以磁及些應(yīng)項(xiàng)采鳳取債怎伴樣唉的未營嚷銷憐策丙略還來愛實(shí)?，F(xiàn)胸銷器售塵目捎標(biāo)繼。市唱場(chǎng)嫌分毒析挎與怖技浮術(shù)稻分抖析師、節(jié)經(jīng)纖濟(jì)蓄分叫析是避投率資職項(xiàng)寺目頁可臣行纏性咳研筆究踏的甩三桌大意支摘柱名。體從監(jiān)根儀本割上血講市，經(jīng)市旅場(chǎng)摧分卡析蜘的遣目法的貨在玩于窗弄這清犬項(xiàng)運(yùn)目坑建鞏設(shè)府的劉必貪要淋性偶問輪題陪。市俱場(chǎng)頁分沖析重?cái)?shù)攻據(jù)旱的使來睜源⑴一蝕手庸數(shù)張據(jù)又喚稱蘇為原減始難資里料是賭指雖調(diào)針查彩人席員爐通辰過蹄現(xiàn)伐場(chǎng)蠅實(shí)棚地娘調(diào)氣查裂所券搜庫集便的爐資年料階。其土特弄點(diǎn)雀是握：窮針翠對(duì)畏性唉強(qiáng)鑒，授適睛用慚性云好像，吐但頓成握本勻較明高散。⑵二織手鬼數(shù)蘋據(jù)又護(hù)稱乳為間讓接緩資防料是妨他領(lǐng)人植為騙某析種踩目皆的守已部經(jīng)息加隙工順整獅理涼好槳的覆資抄料裙。其濾特?cái)R點(diǎn)暖是體：果獲據(jù)取逮成損本縫低夸、熟時(shí)快間堵短罵；次適遲用附性免較瓦差支。3睡.蹈1紛.攪1市經(jīng)場(chǎng)術(shù)調(diào)亞查市愚場(chǎng)逮調(diào)騾查就瓦是餅指舍運(yùn)剃用妹科旬學(xué)盛的值方以法訓(xùn)，榮有總目革的貢地?fù)Q、猶有支系稍統(tǒng)泡地汪搜辣集筍、員記幟錄遙、缸整隸理穴有炊關(guān)茶市擠場(chǎng)田營串銷霧信烏息爛和牛資抽料慚，猛分確析地市獎(jiǎng)場(chǎng)呼情屆況克，修了錫解壓市兆場(chǎng)蹤蝶的稅現(xiàn)脊?fàn)钛a(bǔ)及寨其房誠發(fā)坐展刃趨疲勢(shì)歉，悼為桌市赤場(chǎng)鉛預(yù)宴測(cè)使和棄營耽銷似決公策兩提野供幻玉客預(yù)觀便的程、立正像確漏的窄資翼料舉。數(shù)睬據(jù)兔的減間繡接照來吸源1賭.公悅開損出收版聾物禍：《中枕國騎統(tǒng)別計(jì)偷年諸鑒》、《世宇界光經(jīng)發(fā)濟(jì)低年錘鑒》、《國枝外煉經(jīng)掉濟(jì)鳥統(tǒng)暴計(jì)蔬資婆料》、《世寸界望發(fā)助展首報(bào)旋告》役…雹…Internet2補(bǔ).網(wǎng)巖絡(luò)中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2001中國人口統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒中國市場(chǎng)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒世界發(fā)展報(bào)告世界經(jīng)濟(jì)年檢工業(yè)普查數(shù)據(jù)中國統(tǒng)計(jì)出版社市寨場(chǎng)昨調(diào)睜查坐的殼目乖的問碰問廊自友己壓：—顧錦客箱的誕需免要票是鼠什眨么售？—顧繼客眉需躬要形項(xiàng)追目累提如供野什墾么葬樣廁的燥產(chǎn)或品頃和寄服罰務(wù)灶？—在漿滿技足電顧溪客業(yè)需槳要鼻的恒同水時(shí)城，晝有添沒站有王競(jìng)有爭風(fēng)對(duì)加手邊？—在叼滿乎足梨顧捆客掉需紛要毫的涂過潮程勞中效，冒項(xiàng)倆目顛能范否咬保愉持合利理麗的踢盈傷利龜水侮平紫？⑴市深場(chǎng)劉調(diào)接查致的雙內(nèi)肥容①驅(qū)市供場(chǎng)競(jìng)環(huán)松境啄調(diào)性查令，包島括保政罩策迅環(huán)勺境喘、束經(jīng)少濟(jì)汁環(huán)瓦境大、妖社胳會(huì)池文潛化韻環(huán)隱境澇的奔調(diào)省查掀。②旺市徹場(chǎng)止基勿本原狀草況脆的垂調(diào)圣查，壤主妙要黃包鄰括辦市睬場(chǎng)筋規(guī)應(yīng)范改，士總當(dāng)體即需假求扭量衡，推市腦場(chǎng)遇的稍動(dòng)疤向腔，憐同屠行寺業(yè)育的亦市粱場(chǎng)畏分殿布藏占漫有劍率析等藥。③抽銷殼售府可涂能列性脅調(diào)拔查，青包掘括差現(xiàn)踢有隊(duì)和墊潛給在用用吉戶尤的競(jìng)?cè)孙枖?shù)墊及銹需墊求蕩量庫，辱市魄場(chǎng)怖需燈求險(xiǎn)變士化廉趨秋勢(shì)菌，索本敞企溜業(yè)權(quán)競(jìng)踐爭減對(duì)升手蕩的列產(chǎn)覺品最在徹市述場(chǎng)技上逝的社占陰有搏率駝，查擴(kuò)勵(lì)大酸銷釋售判的綁可嗓能姜性棵和因具緒體探途翁徑耐等牧。④消膏費(fèi)拒者詳及文消翻費(fèi)支需災(zāi)求爐調(diào)忍查，撤包礙括軌對(duì)直消轟費(fèi)項(xiàng)者榜的哄人體口王構(gòu)芬成復(fù)、雪家揪庭混、恭職盲業(yè)習(xí)與層教暑育病、范收粗入卸、寒購聲買弄心鄉(xiāng)豐理我、制購形買寺行饅為浩等嘗方汗面搬進(jìn)萍行撕調(diào)艘查周。⑤遠(yuǎn)企紅業(yè)番自減身矩經(jīng)忠營傍的螞全誰過拔程紙調(diào)仙查，獄主渡要現(xiàn)涉甚及俊企獎(jiǎng)業(yè)俊產(chǎn)吹品晌、模產(chǎn)匙品喝價(jià)額格今、粉影嬌響領(lǐng)銷風(fēng)售可的靈社排會(huì)泊和鍛自歇然搖因斧素猶、陪銷珠售抹渠歐道政等辟調(diào)損查伏。⑥競(jìng)艦爭聽對(duì)原手證調(diào)虎查競(jìng)腰爭張對(duì)驢手與的笛數(shù)同量賊，吼主段要貸的跡競(jìng)沙爭碎對(duì)悠手膊，甚是樓否午具禽有宵潛攔在展的哨競(jìng)乏爭渣對(duì)致手寸；競(jìng)托爭吐對(duì)起手骨的積經(jīng)豬營討規(guī)堤模列、像人趕員失組看成鎮(zhèn)及記營剖銷披組逝織鋪機(jī)址構(gòu)撲情解況似；競(jìng)瓶爭觸對(duì)為手討經(jīng)蒼營磨商涂品果的述品序種華、數(shù)數(shù)忽量序、嫌價(jià)燥格燦、與費(fèi)洲用迅水等平白和率營罰利扔能撥力赤；競(jìng)漠爭綢對(duì)沈手超的充供池貨恥渠支道忍情規(guī)況此和趟對(duì)關(guān)銷系售察渠刻道浮的譜控櫻制模程僻度則；競(jìng)瀉爭那對(duì)租手買所酒采東用慚的均促絞銷粘方搖式墊；競(jìng)聲爭該對(duì)劇手請(qǐng)的暖價(jià)浪格從政晶策性；競(jìng)灑爭逢對(duì)插手庭的鼻生座產(chǎn)緣瑞能斜力宇、盼產(chǎn)不品臥的擁市污場(chǎng)朝占撕有妖率五、尼銷召售燭量存及垂銷信售撕地透區(qū)概。⑵市顫場(chǎng)閑調(diào)甩查什方父法①觀踩察副法，喝可魚分粱為而直貪接秩觀妨察急和完實(shí)鑼際愛痕斧跡瓶測(cè)霧量忽兩現(xiàn)種精方甘法胞。所丑謂直蒜接娘觀但察昨法，兇指晉調(diào)旅查供者從在維調(diào)糞查被現(xiàn)疫場(chǎng)扛有凱目惜的河，瓦有揉計(jì)煙劃療，嗎有覽系蒸統(tǒng)烘地朋對(duì)拿調(diào)欲查洲對(duì)岔象枝的寸行橋?yàn)榉?、不言就辭充、匹表槽情界進(jìn)誘行植觀岔察扒記燈錄育，畫以怠取新得悉第籮一斷手棋資怪料承。期它隔最頑大網(wǎng)的悔特霉點(diǎn)榨總溫在欺自線然童條央件喘下令進(jìn)染行載，征所電得層材漢料段真蜂實(shí)炎生驗(yàn)動(dòng)吹，氏但術(shù)也普會(huì)毯因棗為原所坑觀雜察評(píng)的吧對(duì)糖象秩的路特證殊聞性脂而撞使香觀座察國結(jié)拔果濃流耐于岸片休面陡。實(shí)匪際粱痕隆跡齊測(cè)崖量是仰通粉過華某左一跡事姜件植留久下可的弊實(shí)占際懸痕劉跡晃來塌觀盟察哪調(diào)找查沉，厘一考般劫用袍于因?qū)γ盟貞舻碌目鞫孔軓V幣告友的抱效得果罰等翁的漠調(diào)及查曠。②詢敘問稱法是哨將喚所泥要畢調(diào)左查港的緩事竿項(xiàng)瘋以睜當(dāng)堆面單、振書待面口或遞電敵話主的則方杜式租，賀向日被政調(diào)乎查賴者留提惡出嚇詢呢問筆，使以這獲都得縫所憂需騰要短的眉資引料旺，玩它墨是慢市猛場(chǎng)膚調(diào)竭查遼中耀最泡常龍見僵的睜一太種芽方乏法鹽，懂可倉分弄為戲面肚談虎調(diào)延查們，玩電擴(kuò)話瓣調(diào)轎查第，彈郵喂寄既調(diào)用查跪，遲留桌置瓜詢累問距表貌調(diào)閥查桃四庸種沉。③實(shí)店驗(yàn)翼法它龜通棕常犬用域來滲調(diào)游查嬸某工種萍因剃素棋對(duì)劍市鄉(xiāng)豐場(chǎng)傲銷帥售抄量并的翁影石響臨，閥這旅種筆方帥法表是稿在致一硬定怖條榮件富下套進(jìn)故行昂小傭規(guī)甘模爭實(shí)纏驗(yàn)女，脹然怠后隨對(duì)品實(shí)失際賢結(jié)姻果依作壯出硬分秩析板，孤研徒究驚是鬼否拿值旬得鞋推牧廣惑。它筒的豬應(yīng)采用宮范坡圍致很鍬廣在，耗凡伯是鄙某帽一抖商芽品戶在罷改互變蓄品寺種旬、亂品蠢質(zhì)精、巨包幸裝稱、爬設(shè)糾計(jì)朽、滴價(jià)則格福、械廣袍告蛋、茅陳織列廢方彎法尖等津因狠素窄時(shí)斬都擇可也以驚應(yīng)蠶用古這被種論方牲法掘，慘調(diào)藍(lán)查箏用紫戶尚的抓反崇應(yīng)均。⑶市銅場(chǎng)輛調(diào)膝查尋的獎(jiǎng)基胞本魯過黃程企晌業(yè)浸開壞展錯(cuò)市閉場(chǎng)緩調(diào)純查逃可汗以菊采勸用蓮兩掩種遮方縣式賣，引一幻玉是謙委襪托妄專夏業(yè)濃市寨場(chǎng)島調(diào)灰查艷公毫司賓來貢做邪，恰二蠶是白企聚業(yè)緣瑞自筆己銳來閑做鋼，執(zhí)企趁業(yè)超可魯以謹(jǐn)設(shè)貪立咬市搏場(chǎng)刮研育究店部餃門抽，癢負(fù)裳責(zé)夕此扣項(xiàng)肚工鈴作乏。市命場(chǎng)倉調(diào)扁研伐工躁作缸的扎基擋本消過親程續(xù)包歇括周：唇明陪確微調(diào)傭查競(jìng)目悄標(biāo)籠、垃設(shè)邊計(jì)哪調(diào)竄查徐方畫案奔、煩制喪定田調(diào)字查背工偷作拐計(jì)災(zāi)劃饑、講組喂織訪實(shí)無地全調(diào)顏查晉、防調(diào)逢查輛資街料臂的胃整僅理斤和恨分替析育、板撰含寫艷調(diào)雀查洽報(bào)悄告同。3暮.績1隱.香2市絡(luò)場(chǎng)損預(yù)哄測(cè)3巴.蝦1州.漁2圈.扇1市醫(yī)場(chǎng)版預(yù)夸測(cè)膊的騙概旦念執(zhí)及王其幟內(nèi)田容（1）云市增場(chǎng)悔預(yù)進(jìn)測(cè)鬧的末概彩念市段場(chǎng)捏預(yù)肚測(cè)觸是疤指云以習(xí)市減場(chǎng)筑調(diào)辨查耕所嫌獲股取隔的發(fā)信儉息象資狠料克為粉基各礎(chǔ)鄭，現(xiàn)運(yùn)瘋用銷科枝學(xué)弊的她方章法將，砌對(duì)鴉未纏來裁一路定登時(shí)宿期尺內(nèi)此市燈場(chǎng)采發(fā)蘋展摧的佳狀天況前和蘿發(fā)以展深趨舌勢(shì)稿作瀉出釋的帝正荒確句估體計(jì)懼和失判湯斷蘭。（2）潛市慶場(chǎng)役預(yù)飛測(cè)槐的有意甜義市惠場(chǎng)滔預(yù)稀測(cè)襪的根結(jié)倘果傅是勇判市斷減項(xiàng)殼目理建計(jì)設(shè)磨有牽無廢必辰要咱的按重唇要雖依挨據(jù)義，備從鞭而覺可個(gè)以刑避盾免索項(xiàng)千目雀的頭重渣復(fù)葬建睛設(shè)休和狡盲驗(yàn)?zāi)糠沤▊}設(shè)逝。（3）逼市給場(chǎng)稻預(yù)橋測(cè)廉的述基濟(jì)本郵要押素①信客息是愁客墓觀抱事袖物益特叼性女和禍變肢化企的看表乘征蔥和至反示映監(jiān)，產(chǎn)存認(rèn)在右于憐各漿類塵載網(wǎng)體貧，耍是診預(yù)招測(cè)布的授主廣要批工劇作術(shù)對(duì)新象省、熟工縱作蜜基勤礎(chǔ)鋪和喬成敘果稍反扮映側(cè)。②方雪法是喚指圖在市預(yù)定測(cè)摟的鼻過辯程世中售進(jìn)果行劃質(zhì)頁和闊量己的犯分抗析騾時(shí)憤所榨采倆用著的拋各丹種梳手腰段陪。③分摧析是子根海據(jù)高有昆關(guān)虹理康論吧所遙進(jìn)那行卷的樣思園維境研慕究吵活渠動(dòng)悔。④判漆斷是剪預(yù)緒測(cè)姥技露術(shù)吧中適重緞要額的獅因春素假。（4）脖市事場(chǎng)綢預(yù)字測(cè)聲的絨內(nèi)零容①市大場(chǎng)括需匯求絹預(yù)幕測(cè)閘；②獻(xiàn)占菊有巾率膊預(yù)值測(cè)業(yè)（市江場(chǎng)落營查銷設(shè)組物合）樣；③市石場(chǎng)籌資歇源詞預(yù)澤測(cè)亂；④技宗術(shù)稍發(fā)抖展書預(yù)百測(cè)止。（5）淚市艦場(chǎng)蕉預(yù)善測(cè)算預(yù)律測(cè)涌方盼法打：定笑性直預(yù)樂測(cè)冷法和定藏量票預(yù)黎測(cè)竹法定捷性字預(yù)酷測(cè)析法儉：概伶念習(xí)：是厚依界靠撫預(yù)智測(cè)就者受的騙專鑄門水知恒識(shí)和經(jīng)豪驗(yàn)濃，諒來冰分睡析元判息斷宗事湊物誕未小來優(yōu)發(fā)聯(lián)展該的億趨辣勢(shì)特忌點(diǎn)到：簡倡便暢，切易池于刊掌抽握恐，覆而線且慣時(shí)墊間謊快腐，誓費(fèi)驅(qū)用貼省;但希缺蝦乏伸數(shù)綁量物分幫析歪，腎主技觀刻因讀素招的攀作蜘用誼大奏，沾預(yù)士測(cè)方的膚準(zhǔn)朱確差度階難頃免坊受隙到梨影孩響主列觀剪估軌計(jì)便法厘包句括污：經(jīng)果驗(yàn)左判詞斷冠法殃、控集籮體姐意錘見沖法和主維觀忘概挑率憐法技有術(shù)出分羨析炮法六包宰括：德童爾徑菲售法運(yùn)、被歷欄史腸類燦推慰法們、究形革態(tài)尼分濱析怠法和系島統(tǒng)度分黃析宿法（6）膏市吳場(chǎng)鳳預(yù)襲測(cè)忽的射基讓本飼程開序①確瘡定晃預(yù)技測(cè)亂目乏標(biāo)企；②搜貫集拿資臉料棵；③選色擇板預(yù)主測(cè)國方善法與預(yù)扮測(cè)飄模丸型棚；④分晶析紙預(yù)滑測(cè)票誤絕差沉；⑤編壇寫舅預(yù)壁測(cè)攪報(bào)允告澆。3故.侄2圖.貢1規(guī)蘭模播經(jīng)笨濟(jì)逼理克論3客.糞2暈.小1路.狂1生脆產(chǎn)造規(guī)臺(tái)模思的喘界啊定從框工謹(jǐn)業(yè)歐項(xiàng)駝目處評(píng)嚴(yán)估洽的策角襲度相看告，諸規(guī)乞模津經(jīng)飼濟(jì)矛中陸的粘規(guī)嚴(yán)模訓(xùn)一部般訪是園指物工授業(yè)剖企狠業(yè)莖的稼生怒產(chǎn)清規(guī)婚模戒。生樂產(chǎn)形規(guī)弱模村的瘡含弱義指靈項(xiàng)崗目家設(shè)隆定梅的正薄常話生夜產(chǎn)燈運(yùn)糟營液年杠份可墨能椅達(dá)農(nóng)到肥的生等產(chǎn)凡或德服芹務(wù)垂能啞力。生素產(chǎn)朝能互力指漸企凍業(yè)壟在套一栗定貍技帖術(shù)夏條膽件腥下規(guī)，聽在點(diǎn)一烤定稱時(shí)驢期盾內(nèi)蔽可串能裂生赴產(chǎn)介某洪種指產(chǎn)州品異的最濫大注能店力。生讀產(chǎn)德能飽力廟通畢常按惰年妨計(jì)猛算，兄以實(shí)新物瀉量或標(biāo)令準(zhǔn)暫實(shí)是物構(gòu)量表遼示血。3肚.墻2生資產(chǎn)旁規(guī)氏模糠的桶評(píng)棋估不顧同貪類酸型暖的飾項(xiàng)蜓目肆生姓產(chǎn)聞規(guī)繞模喪的間衡頃量較標(biāo)誦準(zhǔn)作是戴不學(xué)同偏的農(nóng)聲林瓦水彼利臨項(xiàng)再目—先—年忘產(chǎn)擱量店、墓種朝植樂面躁積行、嗓灌滲溉柔面牢積側(cè)、蔑水奮庫專容麻量卷、賞供贈(zèng)水莫能灣力交蛾通形運(yùn)卷輸日項(xiàng)衫目—暢—運(yùn)牽輸洞能史力牌、沃吞便吐嘉能賀力城衛(wèi)市古基智礎(chǔ)爆設(shè)蝦施販項(xiàng)捕目—不—年棄處販理動(dòng)量劣、撇建蒸筑布面輩積一題般掃工慣業(yè)搭項(xiàng)穴目—糖—產(chǎn)泄量球、葬處隔理堡原掩材塞料爪數(shù)沸量瘋、劉裝鍋機(jī)幸容時(shí)量制、依設(shè)鍋備膽能細(xì)力3送.堆2抱.蛋1躺.笑2規(guī)竊模參經(jīng)雁濟(jì)宜理遲論規(guī)限模遠(yuǎn)經(jīng)雀濟(jì)療理國論宏是沖以蒙研赴究薄各票種廟類伶型汽的翠工臭業(yè)旨企失業(yè)塔在視目咸前雪的川技芹術(shù)背經(jīng)聚濟(jì)冊(cè)條趙件抱下妹，是要眉求犯達(dá)屯到槽什盞么情樣恨的筒規(guī)咽模乖，盞才叔最指有暈效循率帆為征目蓮的剝的攻理殘論級(jí)。規(guī)便模蛙經(jīng)私濟(jì)是掃指隙在娘一宵定塌的胳規(guī)程模駛下化或臭一塌定貓的錄規(guī)耕模虛區(qū)銳間續(xù)，光企灑業(yè)甚生浩產(chǎn)鄰最古有旗效農(nóng)率陰，預(yù)能即夠摔取根得腿比昌較子好堵的爪效腔益蜓。找換瓦言爭之堆，委就赤是克企釘業(yè)辛因妄按碼照導(dǎo)一尋定流的銜生鑰產(chǎn)名規(guī)瘋模鼓組落織旋生省產(chǎn)涌可飄獲餃得亭經(jīng)藥濟(jì)猜上俗較移好蓋的親利跳益億。規(guī)菊模蒸不看經(jīng)貼濟(jì)指址一打定禮經(jīng)徐濟(jì)何實(shí)梳體寸的腿規(guī)項(xiàng)模涉過趟小象或旗過般大而辭引慰起諒的順資列源蛛配突置熄的杠不利合壇理穿，敢導(dǎo)附致展有盟限厘的邀資經(jīng)源柏不她能揀有繞效叔利只用而栽導(dǎo)澤致頂?shù)膶毑欢惤?jīng)慨濟(jì)的性笑。規(guī)葛模糊經(jīng)紗濟(jì)可成分隔為生佛產(chǎn)搬上物的猴規(guī)冒模匪經(jīng)痛濟(jì)和經(jīng)有營銳上傻的縣規(guī)如模飛經(jīng)辱濟(jì)款。規(guī)鵲模節(jié)經(jīng)慚濟(jì)汽還票可糟分導(dǎo)為炒規(guī)醒模節(jié)的內(nèi)柳部懲經(jīng)準(zhǔn)濟(jì)估性和外盲部親經(jīng)墨濟(jì)裝性。3綁.團(tuán)2蓄.沈1率.隊(duì)3規(guī)拉模呈收臟益俘變托動(dòng)框與介規(guī)富模遭經(jīng)沸濟(jì)撤區(qū)以間（1）烘規(guī)便模凱收煙益雞變隆動(dòng)評(píng)的逝類臂型規(guī)烘模安經(jīng)閘濟(jì)浪與逝規(guī)諸模稻收告益鼠的津變譜動(dòng)痛有捧關(guān)用。世規(guī)款模壤擴(kuò)艇大爺，什企逃業(yè)購收可益靜增幼加走即覆為冠規(guī)顫模蘆經(jīng)亞濟(jì)癥；流規(guī)減模瓶擴(kuò)腫大破，牙企降業(yè)練收框益失遞呼減末即格為倚規(guī)蜘模岸不撫經(jīng)舅濟(jì)角。定規(guī)褲模積收音益弟變扣動(dòng)矩有恨遞羅減屑、視遞但增家和澤不努變爭三趟種革情排況壯：①規(guī)蹲模蔬收超益武遞縣增魯，遼即唐規(guī)闊模掀擴(kuò)揚(yáng)大楚后狠，薄收屠益吉增擦加綿的抵幅言度謊大斗于個(gè)規(guī)艇模曠擴(kuò)般大萬的皂幅達(dá)度廳。②規(guī)耽模士收極益虧不兵變墳，犬即醬規(guī)礙模拔擴(kuò)繞大動(dòng)幅霧度沫與辮收例益厘增英加陵的茫幅龍度嫂相嗚等刃。③規(guī)根模粱收沖益功遞宰減疤，資即艇規(guī)蒙模吊擴(kuò)碰大雙后煮，揮收悠益地增周加血的先幅牽度浴小憂于敵規(guī)信模旬?dāng)U復(fù)大造的師幅與度耕，峽甚延至絮收縫益高絕嘆對(duì)軋地襖減般少版，輸即深規(guī)采模技擴(kuò)蒙大萌使括邊愁際糞收船益疼為辛負(fù)展數(shù)暗。（2）號(hào)規(guī)拔模報(bào)經(jīng)膨濟(jì)釋區(qū)摸間規(guī)棗模棄經(jīng)產(chǎn)濟(jì)狗所唱要仔研鼻究步的翠就暈是典企藝業(yè)哨的賓生撿產(chǎn)孔規(guī)晶模撈對(duì)氣成晝本波和畜利濁潤甲的饅影噸響耀，愛這墾必關(guān)然迷和熄產(chǎn)憂品影的粘銷午售今收哥入發(fā)、維總綁成琴本炮費(fèi)烏用謀、桂利逆潤遺等夫有戀關(guān)浪。OQ（產(chǎn)量）P（收入）F（固定成本）銷售收入總成本QAQCQB3塑.梢2聯(lián).豆2生賊產(chǎn)廊規(guī)捆模斬的勝制贏約俊和滑決擔(dān)定芒因啟素3翅.垂2才.杠3確錢定撇生獲產(chǎn)起規(guī)峽模遷的蛇方樓法3截.省2規(guī).新3粘.犁1經(jīng)稅驗(yàn)金法經(jīng)添驗(yàn)挎法缺是刮指日根蒼據(jù)興國慰內(nèi)亭外兼同摘類部或問類砍似貫企芒業(yè)跨的鍛經(jīng)誼驗(yàn)?zāi)様?shù)數(shù)據(jù)禾，沸考鋸慮妻生浸產(chǎn)川規(guī)銷模箭的桌制偶約墾和舞決擔(dān)定術(shù)因慢素脖，謎確震定捐擬券建友項(xiàng)邪目悟生陸產(chǎn)脈規(guī)湊模零的螺一各種靜方趁法搜?？继飸]絡(luò)主拋要求技默術(shù)唇經(jīng)其濟(jì)拌指糕標(biāo)晉：財(cái)乓務(wù)半內(nèi)決部膠收野益衰率勤、誦投共資島收樹益喂率擦、密投頃資耐回冠收段期等案急例企：某煩企遮業(yè)攤擬抹建登一坊個(gè)遵生窩產(chǎn)耕某存產(chǎn)歪品憶的門項(xiàng)勞目蹈，她同繞類矮企崗業(yè)饞的匪生竄產(chǎn)功規(guī)抽模督是地年扁產(chǎn)4彩0萬始臺(tái)泰、6摟0萬多臺(tái)飛、1滔0御0萬量臺(tái)攀、2何0數(shù)0萬神臺(tái)痰、3燦0互0萬諒臺(tái)春和4仍0劈燕0萬日臺(tái)曉等屢。派通眉過襖調(diào)號(hào)查事并腸計(jì)朗算租，逼已么知興各騾種礎(chǔ)規(guī)德模掌企日業(yè)餃的懲投考資默和糟財(cái)掙務(wù)吸內(nèi)簽部甚收脈益飼率濟(jì)數(shù)全據(jù)塌見畝表崖：通溉過幼上匯表和可攔以悠看瘋出袋，發(fā)年稻產(chǎn)3坦0謠0萬財(cái)臺(tái)沉的賀規(guī)徹模勝是延最造佳脫生儲(chǔ)產(chǎn)攪規(guī)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｇ?，魔但植需駐要陡的呀投污資奴比翼較廁大血，御約晴需燃要2代7鴉0緒0悶0萬辮元呈人械民許幣雁。睜通爭過慰對(duì)綱各張種舟制悅約探與程決著定遲因士素基進(jìn)掛行壇研貪究懸，鴿除句資搜金廉供擴(kuò)給俯和跟市懂場(chǎng)雖需急求掩因攪素平以經(jīng)外盯，淋其亂他肅方化面閃都蔥是全適致應(yīng)徒的筐。啞該柱擬異建矮項(xiàng)旺目捧可終能仿籌灶措哀到眠的詢資痰金框只姨有1掉56運(yùn)0肌0萬福元句人眠民宇幣烤，地只榜適鴨應(yīng)椒年維產(chǎn)1卸0遞0萬卵臺(tái)逗的通生即產(chǎn)栽規(guī)經(jīng)模格?？蛄戆偻饴牐饛睦K市牧場(chǎng)掏需注求協(xié)情繞況護(hù)看魔，沈該暮項(xiàng)躲目犁可旋能飾的傷市冒場(chǎng)劉份中領(lǐng)谷在1鞭0譜0憶-映1衫5媽0萬謠臺(tái)致之綱間再，箱也杜只爽有就選動(dòng)擇覆年調(diào)產(chǎn)1淘0徑0萬勇臺(tái)椒的巨規(guī)鏟模國。瓶當(dāng)尿然運(yùn)，攏年汪產(chǎn)1飄0帶0萬砍臺(tái)珍的億規(guī)征模銅，屢內(nèi)借部巨收燙益鄙率帳達(dá)偉到1孫5遙.化4動(dòng)5街%，售收礎(chǔ)益都水尺平漠也撫是窩比蹲較身高耽的櫻，縣可臭以橫接泥受紋。3貞.埋2麗.旺3糧.惹2規(guī)臺(tái)模狹效姨果已曲江線濫法規(guī)狡模損效些果尼曲失線奏法促是萌通唇過萍研交究謹(jǐn)隨導(dǎo)著混擬舌定帝的披生晌產(chǎn)饞規(guī)舒模等不霉斷懇擴(kuò)榴大慈時(shí)介，蔥企閑業(yè)闖的惡銷鬧售務(wù)收薦人牽與凡成較本店曲必線匹的北變尺化拌情斃況違，此來屋確悄定針項(xiàng)討目全的側(cè)最勁適逼宜擾的冤生盈產(chǎn)溜規(guī)經(jīng)模找的反一涂種抓方勉法勺。啟由叮于柏銷豬售鹿收綁入機(jī)與坑成捉本慣曲搭線看也呼叫砍規(guī)惹模非效肢果煉曲劉線也，運(yùn)所甩以紡，來該最種南方菊法黎稱新規(guī)藏模隸效慨果答曲索線摔法予。通喊常革采能用運(yùn)盈術(shù)虧丸平恰衡催分冤析飾的乓方垮法3囑.翁2瘦.棚3載.嗓3分謠步饅法分御步度法陶也禍叫策“悟逼積近香法冬”鋸，懷是醉指塔通荷過現(xiàn)先溫確附定開起近始兵生蛛產(chǎn)慢規(guī)疼模窄作淘為凡所喝選曲規(guī)駕模圈的寇下衰限拖，架確辦定恥最之大捕生付產(chǎn)芳規(guī)棗模滔作技為薯所聚選紹規(guī)旦模尚的叫上推限嫩，攜然牛后壞在抄上置、跟下廣限久之賠間搬，臨擬打定肢若有干海個(gè)漿有批價(jià)帝值章的循方康案裹，手通慕過滿比猛較祥，淡選武出饅最帶合雙理渠的超生數(shù)產(chǎn)眠規(guī)司模礦的衣一聾種才方繞法灶。具耗體攪步逼驟寫如踩下掩：1屑)確悄定災(zāi)起致始剃生駱產(chǎn)字規(guī)嗎模起球始模生醉產(chǎn)唐規(guī)鑼模銷也朗就戀是腥項(xiàng)正目呆盈翠虧查平剪衡感時(shí)庭（思即鈔保臭本森）艷的定最另小浙經(jīng)拖濟(jì)湖規(guī)儀模鬧。2乏)確傷定號(hào)最和大奧生行產(chǎn)羽規(guī)膠模3盤)確它定慘合遮理鬼生鍵產(chǎn)亭規(guī)戀模OQ（產(chǎn)量）P（收入）F（固定成本）銷售收入總成本QAQCQB1直.確節(jié)定倉起繳始未規(guī)腹模起森始千生處產(chǎn)存規(guī)震模薄也各就蒜是恩項(xiàng)帝目辟盈銜虧領(lǐng)平疫衡殘時(shí)界（亞即罰保炒本烈）番的察最課小幸經(jīng)淺濟(jì)利規(guī)欣模好。2涂.確枯定紙最鄙大拼規(guī)帥模綜好合忙考茂慮順各淘項(xiàng)喜因獵素府對(duì)殼項(xiàng)蔽目廈生職產(chǎn)猴規(guī)宵?？偟慕B限廣制棟作廢用斑。磨在拘一他定袋的阿投斤資帝條泊件設(shè)下得，縱某叼個(gè)孕因彈素忍對(duì)支項(xiàng)芒目筑生權(quán)產(chǎn)娛規(guī)頃模僻的蘇大假小迅可唉能討起降決觀定懷性釀的禾作與用跡，眼即跪成匆為敵項(xiàng)盡目晨生嗚產(chǎn)垃規(guī)約模儉的賄“瞇瓶撿頸本”國。盾通純過奸“其瓶假頸詢”己因令素和的送分戚析歉，犯可麥以灘確喉定聲在?？勺佬蟹綏l參件魄下餃的候最承大降生云產(chǎn)績規(guī)獵模母，拜作巨為牛所左選票生糖產(chǎn)假規(guī)隆模閑的包上萌限棵。3掏.確罪定陣合距理疊生懸產(chǎn)起叢始銹生煌產(chǎn)世規(guī)掙模斷與須最扎大愁生戀產(chǎn)喘規(guī)民模糞確恒定網(wǎng)以叮后飛，旗就污確嗚定斷了延擬鴉建芹項(xiàng)監(jiān)目船生駝產(chǎn)雞規(guī)華模頭的繭上膊限雹和看下幻玉限烤，澡可權(quán)在佛這兆之觀間邊擬血定鍵若均干親不叨同略規(guī)肆模裁的班比奇較熊方美案隨。遮選碼擇陵成削本售費(fèi)駁用奸最獻(xiàn)低棋、燈效鑒益堅(jiān)最碼好貴的待方鳥案躲為陶最習(xí)終勿確脂定瓣的檔擬個(gè)建且項(xiàng)疲目船的藥生服產(chǎn)恢規(guī)議模霜。3伯.纖2瀉.綢3鉆.醉4最次小健費(fèi)弓用寄法產(chǎn)值品跌的宇投刷資鋼、教生竭產(chǎn)艘成粗本洽是檔將延單訴位燃產(chǎn)待品靈的郊投蛇資血、速生欲產(chǎn)言成載本斤和唐運(yùn)鍵輸胡、四銷漏售比費(fèi)性用悲結(jié)雪合王起火來遍考哈慮肆的菌一旗種目方廚法園，饑目森標(biāo)德是參使疫其來總決成眨本危費(fèi)峽用絕最扣小碼。計(jì)近算年公置式咳：A沖=（C失n做+鄭C肆r）+南E卻n康KA終—李—單引位能產(chǎn)幼品府年禍計(jì)辨算煉費(fèi)薪用C葉n影—幼—單梢位睡產(chǎn)概品蹤蝶生擔(dān)產(chǎn)激成翻本C預(yù)r扎—澤—單解位嶄產(chǎn)艘品古平惹均嘗運(yùn)侮輸應(yīng)和聞銷征售篇費(fèi)化用K盞—構(gòu)—單減位圈產(chǎn)銀品壁投助資甩額E定n甲—冠—部央門差的略投厲資昨效槽果諸系是數(shù)群，副投茄資億回描收禁期星的鋸倒薪數(shù)[例]若封國妙家營對(duì)不某制產(chǎn)氏品鞏的哨需漫要晚量秋為3犧0糊0叢0臺(tái)可，