ISSUE備考分類題目

題號(hào),分類（主題）,,分類（題材1）,(題材2),(題材3),分類（題材4）,題目

227,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,創(chuàng)新Vs守舊；傳統(tǒng)：打破Vs維系、保持；繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,"Toremainvigorous,anyacademicfieldneedstobeledbytrulyindependentthinkerswhoarewillingtoignoreestablishedboundariesandchallengelong-standingassumptions."

238,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,創(chuàng)新Vs守舊；一致Vs個(gè)性；傳統(tǒng)Vs創(chuàng)新,Conformityalmostalwaysleadstoadeadeningofindividualcreativityandenergy.

26,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,過去與現(xiàn)在：建筑保留Vs現(xiàn)代城市發(fā)展,"Mostpeoplewouldagreethatbuildingsrepresentavaluablerecordofanysociety'spast,butcontroversyariseswhenoldbuildingsstandongroundthatmodernplannersfeelcouldbebetterusedformodernpurposes.Insuchsituations,moderndevelopmentshouldbegivenprecedenceoverthepreservationofhistoricbuildingssothatcontemporaryneedscanbeserved."

27,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,創(chuàng)新Vs守舊；繼承、遵從傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新、改革：判斷、衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)－成功,Noonecanpossiblyachievesuccessintheworldbyconformingtoconventionalpracticesandconventionalwaysofthinking.

84,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新：必要條件，過去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，持續(xù)性、發(fā)展性,"Inanyfieldofendeavor,itisimpossibletomakeasignificantcontributionwithoutfirstbeingstronglyinfluencedbypastachievementswithinthatfield."

147,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,（繼承）傳統(tǒng)Vs（突破）創(chuàng)新；傳統(tǒng)Vs現(xiàn)代化,Traditionandmodernizationareincompatible.Onemustchoosebetweenthem.

173,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,創(chuàng)新本質(zhì)、方法；繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,Originalitydoesnotmeanthinkingsomethingthatwasneverthoughtbefore;itmeansputtingoldideastogetherinnewways.

187,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,傳統(tǒng)Vs革新；沖突、矛盾－表面Vs實(shí)質(zhì)；知易行難,"Itiseasytowelcomeinnovationandacceptnewideas.Whatmostpeoplefinddifficult,however,isacceptingthewaythesenewideasareputintopractice."

188,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,成功：持續(xù)Vs發(fā)展、改變；繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,"Success,whetheracademicorprofessional,involvesanabilitytosurviveinanewenvironmentand-,eventually,-tochangeit"

217,新與舊,,傳統(tǒng)保留Vs創(chuàng)新發(fā)展/繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,,,繼承傳統(tǒng)Vs突破創(chuàng)新,"Inordertoproducesuccessfuloriginalwork,scholarsandscientistsmustfirststudythesuccessfulworkofotherstolearnwhatcontributionsremaintobemade."

174,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,法律,,,法律：本質(zhì)Vs形式；核心原則、指導(dǎo)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),"Lawsshouldnotbestationaryandfixed.Instead,theyshouldbeflexibleenoughtotakeaccountofvariouscircumstances,times,andplaces."

180,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,法律,,,法律約束限制：法律Vs道德－兩大體系，辯證統(tǒng)一,Manyproblemsofmodemsocietycannotbesolvedbylawsandthelegalsystembecausemoralbehaviorcannotbelegislated.

178,個(gè)體與整體,,法律,,,法律作用、影響對(duì)象：行為Vs內(nèi)心－可以聯(lián)系到道德,"Itispossibletopasslawsthatcontrolorplacelimitsonpeople'sbehavior,butlegislationcannotreformhumannature.Lawscannotchangewhatisinpeople'sheartsandminds."

17,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,法律,,,對(duì)法律原則、本質(zhì)的理解，對(duì)待法律的態(tài)度：公正Vs不公正,"Therearetwotypesoflaws:justandunjust.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsand,evenmoreimportantly,todisobeyandresistunjustlaws"

47,理性與感性,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,EQVsIQ,,對(duì)立矛盾：EQVsIQ,"Societydoesnotplaceenoughemphasisontheintellect-thatis,onreasoningandothercognitiveskills"

57,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,理論Vs實(shí)踐,,學(xué)習(xí)方式、對(duì)立矛盾：理論Vs實(shí)踐,Thedepthofknowledgetobegainedfrombooksismuchricherandbroaderthanwhatcanbelearnedfromdirectexperience

117,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,理論Vs實(shí)踐,,理論Vs實(shí)踐；書本知識(shí)Vs實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),Thedepthofknowledgetobegainedfrombooksisricherandbroaderthanwhatcanbelearnedfromdirectexperience.

204,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,理論Vs實(shí)踐,,理論Vs實(shí)踐；知識(shí)Vs經(jīng)驗(yàn)；直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)Vs間接經(jīng)驗(yàn),Welearnthroughdirectexperience;toacceptatheorywithoutexperiencingitistolearnnothingatall.

122,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,相同意見Vs不同意見,,知識(shí)的獲得―相同意見Vs不同意見,"Weowealmostallourknowledgenottopeoplewhohaveagreed,buttopeoplewhohavedisagreed."

1,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,相同意見Vs不同意見,,指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)方法、態(tài)度：知識(shí)的獲得―相同意見Vs不同意見,Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning.

18,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,相同意見Vs不同意見,,知識(shí)、進(jìn)步的獲得：對(duì)立面；價(jià)值－標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；充要條件,Onlybybeingforcedtodefendanideaagainstthedoubtsandcontrastingviewsofothersdoesonereallydiscoverthevalueofthatidea.

209,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,相同意見Vs不同意見,,辯證統(tǒng)一：想象力Vs知識(shí),Progressisbestmadethroughdiscussionamongpeoplewhohavecontrastingpointsofview

73,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,想象力,,辯證統(tǒng)一：想象力Vs知識(shí),"Inmostprofessionsandacademicfields,imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge."

164,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,想象力,,辯證統(tǒng)一：想象力Vs經(jīng)驗(yàn),Sometimesimaginationisamorevaluableassetthanexperience.Peoplewholackexperiencearefreetoimaginewhatispossibleandthuscanapproachataskwithoutconstraintsofestablishedhabitsandattitudes.

7,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,學(xué)習(xí)、研究方式：傳統(tǒng)Vs新技術(shù),,資料的載體、記錄方式（對(duì)于科研）：視頻Vs紙張,Thevideocameraprovidessuchanaccurateandconvincingrecordofcontemporarylifethatithasbecomeamoreimportantformofdocumentationthanwrittenrecords

38,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,學(xué)習(xí)、研究方式：傳統(tǒng)Vs新技術(shù),,學(xué)習(xí)、科研方式：電視Vs書籍,"Intheageoftelevision,readingbooksisnotasimportantasitoncewas.Peoplecanlearnasmuchbywatchingtelevisionastheycanbyreadingbooks."

155,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,學(xué)習(xí)、研究方式：傳統(tǒng)Vs新技術(shù),,學(xué)習(xí)：傳統(tǒng)方式Vs新方式,Contemporarysocietyofferssomanywaysoflearningthatreadingbooksisnolongerveryimportant.

237,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,學(xué)習(xí)、研究方式：傳統(tǒng)Vs新技術(shù),,研究資料：技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來新方式、便利,Computersandvideotechnologycanmakefacsimilesoforiginalworkssuchaspaintingsandhistoricaldocumentsavailabletoeveryone.Thegreatadvantageofthisnewtechnologyisthatitwillenableanyone-notjustscholars-toconductin-depthresearchwithouthavingaccesstotheoriginalworks.

28,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,學(xué)習(xí)方法：表面現(xiàn)象Vs深層本質(zhì)；機(jī)械記憶Vs理解記憶,"Studentsshouldmemorizefactsonlyaftertheyhavestudiedtheideas,trends,andconceptsthathelpexplainthosefacts.Studentswhohavelearnedonlyfactshavelearnedverylittle."

183,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,知識(shí)的作用、影響：表面現(xiàn)象Vs內(nèi)在本質(zhì),"Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemorecomprehensible,butmorecomplexandmoremysterious."

205,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,信息獲取方便Vs終生學(xué)習(xí),"Associetiesallovertheworldhavemoreandmoreaccesstonewinformation,theeffectsonlife-longlearningcanonlybepositive."

14,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,素質(zhì)提高、全面教育：文學(xué)素養(yǎng)的必要性,"Itisnecessaryforeveryonetoreadpoetry,novels,mythologyandothertypesofimaginativeliterature."

86,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,長(zhǎng)期Vs短期；現(xiàn)實(shí)Vs理想；當(dāng)前Vs長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn),"Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedtopursuelong-term,realisticgoalsratherthanseekimmediatefameandrecognition."

226,新與舊,,個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、知識(shí)進(jìn)步,,,過去Vs現(xiàn)在；持續(xù)、發(fā)展、共通；知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)所起的作用，所扮演的角色,Peoplearemistakenwhentheyassumethattheproblemstheyconfrontarcmorecomplexandchallengingthantheproblemsfacedbytheirpredecessors.Thisillusioniseventuallydispelledwithincreasedknowledgeandexperience.

175,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì),,個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì)：革新、創(chuàng)造性來源,"Itisalwaysanindividualwhoistheimpetusforinnovation;thedetailsmay'beworkedoutbyateam,buttrueinnovationresultsfromtheenterpriseanduniqueperceptionofanindividual."

199,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì),,個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì)：創(chuàng)新、創(chuàng)造性來源,"Trulyinnovativeideasdonotarisefromgroupsofpeople,butfromindividuals.Whengroupstrytobecreative,themembersforceeachothertocompromiseand,asaresult,creativeideastendtobeweakenedandmademoreconventional.Mostoriginalideasarisefromindividualsworkingalone."

42,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì),,學(xué)習(xí)方式：個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì)、集體；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Vs合作,"Becauselearningisnotasolitaryactivitybutonethatrequirescollaborationamongpeople,studentsofallageswillbenefitacademicallyiftheyworkfrequentlyingroups."

95,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì),,個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì)；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Vs合作：效率、功效、作用比較、判斷,"Peopleworkmoreproductivelyinteamsthanindividually.Teamworkrequirescooperation,whichmotivatespeoplemuchmorethanindividualcompetitiondoes."

141,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),個(gè)人Vs團(tuán)隊(duì),,個(gè)人主義Vs團(tuán)隊(duì)精神－著眼點(diǎn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功,"Mostpeoplerecognizethebenefitsofindividuality,butthefactisthat'personaleconomicsuccessrequiresconformity"

19,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,Priority的選擇：個(gè)體與整體；必要條件,"Ifasocietyistothrive,itmustputitsownoverallsuccessbeforethewell-beingofitsindividualcitizens."

71,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,獨(dú)處Vs與他人一起－對(duì)立統(tǒng)一,Spendingtimealonemakesoneabettercompaniontoothers

77,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,個(gè)人Vs他人、集體、整體；個(gè)人主義Vs利他主義,"Peopletodayaretooindividualistic.Insteadofpursuingself-centered,separategoals,peopleneedtounderstandthatsatisfactioncomesfromworkingforthegreatergoodofthefamily,thecommunity,orsocietyasawhole"

113,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,社會(huì)角色定位：個(gè)人Vs集體、團(tuán)體,Itisprimarilythroughidentificationthroughsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves

145,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,內(nèi)在實(shí)質(zhì)的不變Vs外在形式的調(diào)整－性格,Acrucialtestofcharacteriswhetheroneisabletoadapttochangingsocialconventionswithoutsacrificingone'sprinciples.

171,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,過程Vs結(jié)果；個(gè)人Vs整體－對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系,Peoplewhopursuetheirownintellectualinterestsforpurelypersonalreasonsaremorelikelytobenefittherestoftheworldthanarepeoplewhotrytoactforthepublicgood.

208,個(gè)體與整體,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,外在行為Vs內(nèi)在想法,"Thewaypeoplelook,dress,andactrevealstheirattitudesandinterests.Youcantellmuchaboutasociety'sideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviorofitspeople."

59,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,個(gè)性化Vs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化：思考、行為方式,"Toomuchemphasisisplacedonrolemodels.Insteadofcopyingothers,peopleshouldlearntothinkandactindependentlyandthusmakethechoicesthatarebestforthem."

194,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)Vs合作意識(shí)－對(duì)立統(tǒng)一,"Thebestpreparationforlifeoracareerisnotlearningtobecompetitive,butlearningtobecooperative."

198,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,個(gè)性化Vs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、模式化,"Insteadofencouragingconformity,societyshouldshowgreaterappreciationofindividualdifferences."

234,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,自由意志：主動(dòng)Vs被動(dòng)；引導(dǎo)、規(guī)范,"Mostpeoplepreferrestrictionsandregulationstoabsolutefreedomofchoice,eventhoughtheymightdenysuchapreference."

235,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,度的把握；Priority的選擇：忠誠(chéng),"Mostpeoplearetaughtthatloyaltyisavirtue.Butloyalty-whethertoone'sfriends,toone'sschoolorplaceofemployment,ortoanyinstitution-isalltoooftenadestructiveratherthanapositiveforce."

240,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,積極Vs負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià),"Althoughitiseasytorespondpositivelytotheworkofanotherpersonorgroup,itisfarmoreworthwhiletogivenegativefeedback."

21,新與舊,,個(gè)人與他人、整體、社會(huì),,,改革：個(gè)人Vs整體利益,"Reformisseldombroughtaboutbypeoplewhoareconcernedwiththeirownreputationandsocialstanding.Thosewhoarereallyinearnestaboutreformingagovernment,aneducationalsystem,oranyotherinstitutionmustbewillingtobeviewedwithdisdainbytherestoftheworld."

197,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,國(guó)家、國(guó)際,全球化,,全球化、國(guó)家間相互關(guān)系,Thematerialprogressandwell-beingofonecountryarenecessarilyconnectedtothematerialprogressandwell-beingofallothercountries.

116,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,國(guó)家、國(guó)際,全球化,,全球化：利弊、帶來的問題,"Withthegrowthofglobalnetworksinsuchareasaseconomicsandcommunication,thereisnodoubtthateveryaspectofsociety-includingeducation,politics,thearts,andthesciences-willbenefitgreatlyfrominternationalinfluences."

105,個(gè)體與整體,,國(guó)家、國(guó)際,實(shí)力,,局部Vs整體：國(guó)家實(shí)力－民主、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技……,Thetruestrengthofacountryisbestdemonstratedbythewillingnessofitsgovernmenttotoleratechallengesfromit'sowncitizens.

170,個(gè)體與整體,,國(guó)家、國(guó)際,實(shí)力,,國(guó)家偉大、實(shí)力的體現(xiàn)，指示標(biāo)：少數(shù)Vs多數(shù)；精英Vs大眾,"Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisnottheachievementsofitsrulers,artists,orscientists,butthegeneralwelfareofallitspeople."

11,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,國(guó)家、國(guó)際,,,社會(huì)問題：國(guó)際合作、專職性大學(xué),Allnationsshouldhelpsupportthedevelopmentofaglobaluniversitydesignedtoengagestudentsintheprocessofsolvingtheworld'smostpersistentsocialproblems.

135,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),環(huán)保,,技術(shù)Vs環(huán)保,"Whilemostoftheenvironmentalproblemswefaceresultfromtheuseoftechnology,societymustdependupontechnologytofindsolutionstotheseproblems."

150,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),旅游,,現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)旅游的影響,"Becauseoftelevisionandworldwidecomputerconnections,peoplecannowbecomefamiliarwithagreatmanyplacesthattheyhavenevervisited.Asaresult,tourismwillsoonbecomeobsolete."

16,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),人的能力,,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)個(gè)人的影響：舒適生活Vs個(gè)人能力發(fā)展,"Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifeareentirelyharmless,infact,theyactuallypreventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependentindividuals."

66,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),人的能力,,技術(shù)依賴Vs人們能力發(fā)展－意義、作用：大腦Vs身體；主宰Vs工具,"Aspeoplerelymoreandmoreontechnologytosolveproblems,theabilityofhumanstothinkforthemselveswillsurelydeteriorate."

107,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),人的能力,,現(xiàn)代科技Vs個(gè)人思考分析等能力,"Instantcommunicationsystemsencouragepeopletoformhastyopinionsandgivequickrepliesratherthantakethetimetodevelopthoughtful,well-reasonedpointsofview."

151,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),人的能力,,技術(shù)：傳統(tǒng)交流Vs現(xiàn)代新方式交流－影響、作用,"High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmailandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication"

233,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),人的能力,,技術(shù)進(jìn)步Vs學(xué)習(xí),"Althoughinnovationssuchasvideo,computers,andtheInternetseemtoofferschoolsimprovedmethodsforinstructingstudents,thesetechnologiesalltoooftendistractfromreallearning"

30,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),生活,,科研、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的目標(biāo)：進(jìn)步本身，物質(zhì)豐富，效率提高Vs舒適生活,Theprimarygoaloftechnologicaladvancementshouldbetoincreasepeople'sefficiencysothateveryonehasmoreleisuretime.

124,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),生活,,現(xiàn)象Vs本質(zhì)：生活節(jié)奏的加快,"Instantfoods,instantcommunication,fastertransportation-alloftheserecentdevelopmentsaredesignedtosavetime.Ironically,though,insteadofmakingmoreleisuretimeavailable,thesedevelopmentshavecontributedtoapaceofhumanaffairsthatismorerushedandmorefranticthaneverbefore."

129,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),生活,,技術(shù)Vs現(xiàn)代生活：利弊,Technologyisanecessarybutnotalwaysapositiveforceinmodernlife.

166,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),生活,,局部Vs局部；技術(shù)進(jìn)步Vs生活,"Overthepastcentury,themostsignificantcontributionoftechnologyhasbeentomakepeople'slivesmorecomfortable."

196,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),生活,,技術(shù)Vs生活：利弊,"Technologycreatesmoreproblemsthanitsolves,andmaythreatenordamagethequalityoflife."

23,個(gè)體與整體,,技術(shù),信息,,技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響：信息爆炸、影響，提醒、明確應(yīng)把握的方向和態(tài)度,"Contemporarytechnologymakesavailablemanysmallpiecesoffactualinformation.Asaresult,peoplehavebecomesopreoccupiedwithbitsoffragmentedinformationthattheypaytoolittleattentiontothelargerissuesandoverallperspectives."

219,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),信息,,信息爆炸：個(gè)人的作用；現(xiàn)象Vs本質(zhì),"Nowthatcomputertechnologyhasmadepossibletherapidaccessingoflargeamountsoffactualinformation,peoplearelesslikelythanevertothinkdeeplyororiginally.Theyfeelunabletocompetewith-muchlesscontributeto-thequantityofinformationthatisnowavailableelectronically."

88,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),,,技術(shù)Vs社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、道德,Technologiesnotonlyinfluencebutactuallydeterminesocialcustomsandethics.

114,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,技術(shù),,,技術(shù)Vs人性；內(nèi)在Vs外在,"Humanityhasmadelittlerealprogressoverthepastcenturyorso.Technologicalinnovationshavetakenplace,buttheoverallconditionofhumanityisnobetter.War,violenceandpovertyarestillwithus.Technologycannotchangetheconditionofhumanity."

102,新與舊,,教育,1目的,對(duì)文化,教育作用、效果：傳統(tǒng)、既有理念－修正、持續(xù)、發(fā)展,"Forbetterorworse,educationisaprocessthatinvolvesrevisingtheideas,beliefs,andvaluespeopleheldinthepast."

104,新與舊,,教育,1目的,對(duì)文化,文化Vs教育：主流價(jià)值觀的確立－局部Vs整體,Itisprimarilythroughformaleducationhadaculturetriestoperpetuatetheideasitfavorsanddiscredittheideasitfears.

201,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,1目的,對(duì)學(xué)生,教育目的；務(wù)實(shí)、功利Vs理想；短期Vs長(zhǎng)期,"Thepurposeofeducationshouldbetoprovidestudentswithavaluesystem,astandard,asetofideas-nottopreparethemforaspecificjob."

191,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,1目的,對(duì)學(xué)生,教育：全面平衡發(fā)展－興趣Vs職業(yè)技能；務(wù)實(shí)Vs理想；當(dāng)前Vs長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn),Educationshouldbeequallydevotedtoenrichingthepersonallivesofstudentsandtotrainingstudentstobeproductiveworkers.

222,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,1目的,,教育：明確的目標(biāo)、方向指導(dǎo)Vs無目標(biāo)、無計(jì)劃,"Learningforlearning'ssakeisanoutdatedconcept.Today,educationmustserveanulteriorpurposeandbedirectedtowardcleargoals."

130,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,1目的,,教育的意義：孩子的社會(huì)化,"Howchildrenaresocializedtodaydeterminesthedestinyofsociety.Unfortunately,wehavenotyetlearnedhowtoraisechildrenwhocanhelpbringaboutabettersociety."

98,新與舊,,教育,2內(nèi)容,時(shí)間,過去Vs現(xiàn)在；功利、務(wù)實(shí)Vs長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)；現(xiàn)象Vs本質(zhì)：藝術(shù)課程的選擇,"Collegesanduniversitiesshouldoffermorecoursesonpopularmusic,film,advertising,andtelevisionbecausecontemporaryculturehasmuchgreaterrelevanceforstudentsthandoartsandliteratureofthepast."

51,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,2內(nèi)容,興趣,教育方式：個(gè)性化Vs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,Educationwillbetrulyeffectiveonlywhenitisspecificallydesignedtomeettheindividualneedsandinterestsofeachstudent.

94,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),全面發(fā)展；務(wù)實(shí)Vs理想；長(zhǎng)期Vs短期：學(xué)科的選擇、專才Vs通才,Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofvariousacademicdisciplinesisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.

132,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),學(xué)科的交叉化、邊緣化、相互影響,"Theuniversitycommunityconsistsofthreedifferentworlds-thesciences,thehumanities,andthesocialsciences.Becauseeachworldoperatesonitsownassumptionsandhasitsownspecialhabitsofthinking,rarelyistheremeaningfulinteractionamongthesciences,thehumanities,andthesocialsciences."

158,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),度的把握；全面發(fā)展、素質(zhì)教育：藝術(shù)Vs主科,"Thearts(music,dance,visualarts,etc.)arevitallyimportanttostudents'educationandshouldthereforereceiveasmuchemphasisasmathematics,science,readingandothermainstreamsubjects."

80,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),全面教育：科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的必要性,"Allstudentsshouldberequiredtotakecoursesinthesciences,eveniftheyhavenointerestinscience."

106,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),道德素養(yǎng)的重要性：全面教育－必要性；課程選擇/安排,"Allstudentsshouldberequiredtotakeatleastonecourseinethics,eveniftakingthecoursemeansadecreasedemphasisonacademicsubjects."

128,新與舊,,教育,2內(nèi)容,學(xué)術(shù),矛盾：目的Vs實(shí)際效果－教育的目標(biāo)、實(shí)際,"Itisoftenassertedthatthepurposeofeducationistofreethemindandthespirit.Inreality,however,formaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthansetthemfree."

34,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,2內(nèi)容,應(yīng)用,長(zhǎng)期Vs短期；務(wù)實(shí)Vs理想；全面發(fā)展、素質(zhì)教育Vs功利學(xué)習(xí),"Insteadofrequiringstudentstotakecoursesinavarietyofdisciplines-thatis,coursesrangingfromtheartsandthehumanitiestothephysicalandbiologicalsciences-collegesanduniversitiesshouldallowstudentstoenrollonlyinthosecoursesthatwillhelppreparethemforjobsintheirchosenfields.Suchconcentrationisnecessaryintoday'sincreasinglywork-orientedsociety."

90,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,2內(nèi)容,應(yīng)用,務(wù)實(shí)、功利Vs理想；短期Vs長(zhǎng)期：學(xué)科選擇－找工作,Collegestudentsshouldbeencouragedtopursuesubjectsthatinterestthemratherthanseekprogramsthatpromiseentryintothejobmarket.

5,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,2內(nèi)容,制訂者,教育：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化Vs個(gè)性化,Anationshouldrequireallitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollegeratherthanallowschoolsindifferentpartsofthenationtodeterminewhichacademiccoursestooffer

112,理性與感性,,教育,2內(nèi)容,,EQVsIQ；全面發(fā)展,"Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent'scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions."

78,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,2內(nèi)容,,教育的作用：共同的人性Vs各類沖突、紛爭(zhēng),"Schoolsshouldberequiredtoteachtheessentialinterconnectednessofallhumanbeingsandthushelpeliminatewars,culturalclashes,andotherformsofconflict."

52,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,3方法,質(zhì)疑,學(xué)術(shù)、工作態(tài)度、方式：被動(dòng)Vs主動(dòng)；質(zhì)疑Vs接受,"Educationencouragesstudentstoquestionandcriticize,andthereforedoeslittletopromotesocialharmony."

153,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,3方法,質(zhì)疑,學(xué)習(xí)方法：主動(dòng)Vs被動(dòng),Studentsshouldbringacertainskepticismtowhatevertheystudy.Theyshouldquestionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively.

213,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,3方法,質(zhì)疑,教育：質(zhì)疑、挑戰(zhàn)、創(chuàng)新Vs折中、容讓、合作,"Toomuchemphasishasbeenplacedontheneedforstudentstochallengetheassertionsofothers.Infact,theabilitytocompromiseandworkwithothers-thatis,theabilitytoachievesocialharmony-shouldbeamajorgoalineveryschool."

67,個(gè)體與整體,,教育,3方法,,理論Vs實(shí)踐：全面教育、素質(zhì)教育,"Collegesshouldrequirestudentstoengageinpublic-serviceactivitiesinordertoassurethateachstudentreceivesabalanced,well-roundededucation."

230,個(gè)體與整體,,教育,3方法,,自由意志：主動(dòng)Vs被動(dòng)；教育應(yīng)起的作用：引導(dǎo),"Collegestudents-andpeopleingeneral-prefertofollowdirectionsratherthanmaketheirowndecisions.Therefore,collegesshouldeliminateasmanychoicesaspossibleinordertoofferstudentscleardirection."

134,理性與感性,,教育,3方法,,外表形式Vs內(nèi)核本質(zhì)；機(jī)智圓滑vs.真誠(chéng)堅(jiān)定,Studentsshouldbeencouragedtorealizethatmentalagilityandrhetoricalskillmustbeaccompaniedbysincerityandthetrueconvictionoftheirownbeliefs.

228,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,3方法,,教育：處理方法、態(tài)度－積極行為Vs消極行為,"Thebestwaytoteach-whetherasaneducator,employer,orparent-istopraisepositiveactionsandignorenegativeones"

154,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,4參與者,家長(zhǎng)、社會(huì),教育者：父母、學(xué)校、社會(huì)－合作,Bothparentsandcommunitiesmustbeinvolvedinthelocalschools.Educationistooimportanttoleavesolelytoagroupofprofessionaleducators

50,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,4參與者,教師,師資素質(zhì)的提高：理論Vs實(shí)際、實(shí)踐,"Inordertoimprovethequalityofinstructionatthecollegeanduniversitylevel,allfacultyshouldberequiredtospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach"

214,個(gè)體與整體,,教育,4參與者,學(xué)生,局部Vs整體；度的把握,Societyshouldidentifythosechildrenwhohavespecialtalentsandabilitiesandbegintrainingthematanearlyagesothattheycaneventuallyexcelintheirareasofability.Otherwise.thesetalentsarclikelytoremainundeveloped.

39,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,教育,4參與者,學(xué)校、環(huán)境,認(rèn)識(shí)大學(xué)教育的作用、意義：正規(guī)大學(xué)教育Vs自學(xué),Theintellectualbenefitsofattendingauniversityorcollegearevastlyoverrated:mostpeoplecouldlearnmorebystudyingandreadingontheirownforfouryearsthanbypursuingauniversityorcollegedegree.

223,個(gè)體與整體,,教育,4參與者,學(xué)校、環(huán)境,正確認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)校所起的作用：主觀能動(dòng)Vs客觀環(huán)境；個(gè)人Vs整體,Educationisprimarilyapersonalmatter;ithaslittletodowithschoolorcollege

232,現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想,,教育,4參與者,學(xué)校、環(huán)境,教育目的、手段、方式：理論Vs實(shí)際；教育與社會(huì)的接軌,Thepurposeofeducationshouldbetocreateanacademicenvironmentthatisseparatefromtheoutsideworld.Thiskindofenvironmentisidealbecauseitallowsstudentstofocusonimportantideaswithoutbeingheldbackbypracticalconcerns.

55,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,5評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,教育：高分Vs真正能力培養(yǎng),Competitionforhighgradesseriouslylimitsthequalityoflearningatalllevelsofeducation.

100,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,5評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,教育機(jī)制、環(huán)境：分?jǐn)?shù)Vs能力培養(yǎng),Thepressuretoachievehighgradesinschoolseriouslylimitsthequalityoflearning.Aneducationalenvironmentwithoutgradeswouldpromotemoregenuineintellectualdevelopment.

32,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,教育,6資金,教師工資,師資：如何留在人才，保證優(yōu)秀師資；一致Vs差異,"Aschoolorcollegeshouldpayitsteachersatthesamerateinalldisciplines,regardlessofdifferencesinsalariesforrelatedfieldsintheworldoutsideofschool.Forexample,entry-levelteachersinmathematicsandintheartsshouldreceivethesamepay,evenifoutsideofschool,mathspecialistsearnamuchhighersalaryonaveragethandospecialistsinthearts."

53,個(gè)體與整體,,教育,6資金,學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi),教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支付：國(guó)家Vs學(xué)生；教育Vs經(jīng)濟(jì),"Collegeanduniversityeducationshouldbefreeforallstudents,fullyfinancedbythegovernment."

68,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,對(duì)待權(quán)威、專家的看法、態(tài)度,,對(duì)待專家、權(quán)威的正確態(tài)度：質(zhì)疑Vs毫不保留的相信、全盤接受,"Peoplemakethemistakeoftreatingexpertswithsuspicionandmistrust,nomatterhowvaluabletheircontributionsmightbe."

142,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,對(duì)待權(quán)威、專家的看法、態(tài)度,,度的把握；對(duì)待權(quán)威的態(tài)度Vs社會(huì)繁榮、進(jìn)步,Thewell-beingofasocietyisenhancedwhenmanyofitspeoplequestionauthority.

168,統(tǒng)一與分歧（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,對(duì)待權(quán)威、專家的看法、態(tài)度,,專家、權(quán)威：充分必要條件；質(zhì)疑、批評(píng)的價(jià)值－判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Criticaljudgmentofworkinanygivenfieldhaslittlevalueunlessitcomesfromsomeonewhoisanexpertinthatfield

87,新與舊,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,對(duì)待權(quán)威、專家的看法、態(tài)度,,新的、不同的視野、經(jīng)驗(yàn)：新手Vs專家、權(quán)威,"Inanyfieldofinquiry,thebeginnerismorelikelythantheexperttomakeimportantdiscoveries."

44,當(dāng)務(wù)之急與百年大計(jì),,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,科研投資,,科研投資：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、原則－主體：政府,"Governmentshouldnotfundanyscientificresearchwhoseconsequences,eithermedicalorethical,areunclear."

31,當(dāng)務(wù)之急與百年大計(jì),,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,科研投資,,科研投資：態(tài)度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，焦點(diǎn)：有爭(zhēng)議的科研項(xiàng)目,"Moneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestment,evenwhentheresultsofthatresearcharecontroversial."

119,技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)人類的影響,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,目標(biāo),,研究：Priority的選擇、判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)－人民福利，個(gè)人興趣；過程Vs結(jié)果,"Whenresearchprioritiesarebeingsetforscience,education,oranyotherarea,themostimportantquestiontoconsideris:Howmanypeople'sliveswillbeimprovediftheresultsaresuccessful?"

40,新與舊,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,目標(biāo),,科研的指導(dǎo)原則：個(gè)人興趣Vs大眾福利；過程Vs結(jié)果,"Scholarsandresearchersshouldnotbeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.Itismoreimportantthattheypursuetheirindividualinterests,howeverunusualoridiosyncraticthoseinterestsmayseem."

4,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,學(xué)科專業(yè)化Vs復(fù)合化、交叉化,,領(lǐng)域、學(xué)科間的交流；外來視角、經(jīng)驗(yàn);學(xué)術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域：?jiǎn)我活I(lǐng)域Vs復(fù)合、邊緣化,Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessoutsidersbringtheirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy.

220,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,學(xué)科專業(yè)化Vs復(fù)合化、交叉化,,專業(yè)化：學(xué)科交叉化、邊緣化,"Theincreaseinknowledgeisforcingpeopletospecialize.Asaresult,thedistancebetweenfieldsofspecializationhasbecomesovastthatspecialistsindifferentareasarerarelyabletoinfluenceeachother."

9,個(gè)體與整體,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,學(xué)科專業(yè)化Vs復(fù)合化、交叉化,,專業(yè)化Vs復(fù)合化、邊緣化；涉及到判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),"Academicdisciplineshavebecomesospecializedinrecentyearsthatscholars'ideasreachonlyanarrowaudience.Untilscholarscanreachawideraudience,theirideaswillhavelittleuse."

41,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,,,作用、意義：科學(xué)Vs非科學(xué),"Suchnon-mainstreamareasofinquiryasastrology,fortune-telling,andpsychicandparanormalpursuitsplayavitalroleinsocietybysatisfyinghumanneedsthatarenotaddressedbymainstreamscience."

177,不同領(lǐng)域間的交流,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,,,學(xué)科知識(shí)的作用、影響：擁有不同的角度、眼光Vs加深、加寬對(duì)世界的了解,"Thestudyofanacademicdisciplinealtersthewayweperceivetheworld.Afterstudyingthediscipline,weseethesameworldasbefore,butwithdifferenteyes"

61,個(gè)體與整體,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,,,獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)對(duì)科研的意義；精英Vs大眾；少數(shù)Vs多數(shù),High-profileawardssuchastheNobelPrizeareactuallydamagingtosocietybecausetheysuggestthatonlyafewpeopledeservesuchrecognition.

181,個(gè)體與整體,,科研、學(xué)術(shù)、學(xué)科,,,學(xué)術(shù)：個(gè)性化Vs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；客觀Vs主觀,"Thewaystudentsandscholarsinterpretthematerialstheyworkwithintheiracademi