Unit3-Diction-925-翻譯理論與實踐課件

Unit2Diction（選詞法）1

Unit2Diction1☆Decidethemeaningsof“THATs”andtranslatethesentence.Thatthatis,is;thatthatisnot,isnot;butthatthatisnot,isnotthatthatis;noristhatthatisthatthatisnot.實者實，虛者虛，虛非實，實非虛。是即是，非即非…………2☆Decidethemeaningsof“THATPre-classQuestionsWhatisDiction?Doesthemeaningofawordequalstothedictionarydefinition?Howdoyouconsidertheviewpoint—“Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforwords”?HowtodeterminethemeaningofawordinE-Ctranslation?3Pre-classQuestionsWhatisDicTheoreticalGround

1.Translatingmeanstranslatingmeaning.(EugeneA.Nida,FromOneLanguagetoAnother,1986)2.TheLargestQuantityoftranslationinatextisdoneattheleveloftheword.(PeterNewmark,ATextBookofTranslation,1988)4TheoreticalGround1.Translat3.1ChoiceofGrammaticalMeaningsThesameword,whenusedasdifferentpartsofspeechandplayingdifferentrolesinasentence,hasdifferentmeaning.1.Takethecartbacktothebackyardandbackitintotheshedatthebackofthestable.把牛拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的小屋去。2.Isawhimsawwithasawinasawmill.我看見他在鋸木廠用一把鋸子在鋸東西。53.1ChoiceofGrammaticalMean3.Wishesfatherthoughts.(JohnGalsworthy:TheForsyteSaga)愿望為思想之父。Thechildisfatheroftheman.從小看大。4.“Whatdoyoudowithsomanyapples?”“Weeatwhatwecanandwhatwecan’twecan.”“這么多蘋果，你們要怎么辦？”“我們盡量吃，吃不完就拿來做罐頭?！?3.Wishesfatherthoughts.(Jo3.2ChoiceofContextualMeaningsQuestion:WhatisthemeaningofMeaning?WhatistheaveragenumberofthemeaningsforPower?意義：指稱意義、言內(nèi)意義、語用意義。PleasedeterminefromthecontexttheexactmeaningofPowerineachsentence(Drills3.3,P.72),andchooseanappropriateequivalentoneinChinese.73.2ChoiceofContextualMeani1.Iwilldoeverythingwithinmypowertoassistyou.我愿意盡力來幫助你。2.Thenewkinescopehasaresolvingpowerof800lines.這種新型顯像管的分辨率為800行。3.Basically,allpoweriswiththepeople.從根本上說，一切權(quán)利屬于人民。81.Iwilldoeverythingwithin4.Politicalpowergrowsoutofthebarrelofagun.槍桿子里面出政權(quán)。5.Chinahasafewnuclearweapons,butitwillneverjointheso-calledclubofnuclearpowers.中國有一點核武器，但中國決不參加所謂核大國俱樂部。6.Thesurfaceofceramicsmustbecheckedbyexaminationundera20-powerbinocularmicroscope.陶瓷表面必須用20倍的雙筒顯微鏡加以檢查。94.Politicalpowergrowsouto7.Thetransistorcangofromanoffconditiontoanonconditionwithgreatspeedandminimalpower.晶體管能以極快的速度和極小的功率由關(guān)的狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)到開的狀態(tài)。8.Thepowersubsystemofthecommunicationfacilitymustprovideaflowofcurrentundercontrolledconditionsofvoltageandload.通訊設(shè)施的電源分系統(tǒng)應(yīng)在電壓和負荷受控制的情況下供電。107.ThetransistorcangofromReflection:What’sthedifferenceofmeaningsbetweenChinesewordsandEnglishones?

英語詞義：較概括，較靈活，范圍很寬漢語詞義：較具體，較凝滯，范圍較窄11Reflection:113.3ChoiceofCollocativeMeaningsTranslatethefollowing,payingattentiontothecollocation(Drills3.4,P.73).Good(adj.)goodmannersgoodhumoragoodkinggoodliving得體的舉止愉快的心情；好脾氣公正的國王講究吃喝的生活123.3ChoiceofCollocativeMeanagoodCatholicgoodeggsgoodsoilagooddebtagoodhouragoodquestiongoodsenseagoodeaterandagoodsleeper虔誠的天主教徒新鮮雞蛋肥沃的土壤有把握收回的債整整一小時不易回答的問題；難以立即回答的問題正確的判斷力；解決世紀問題的智慧；理智能吃能睡的人13agoodCatholic虔誠的天主教徒新鮮雞蛋肥沃的

小結(jié)：1.英語學習到了高級階段，就詞匯而言，可以說沒有上下文就沒有詞義（nocontext,notext)。既然“義寓于文”就必須“以文明義”，即根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系、層次條理、前后呼應(yīng)確定詞的具體涵義。2.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.—Firth14小結(jié)：143.4ChoiceofAffectiveMeaningsQuestion:Whatistheimportanceofaffectivemeaningstotranslation?Canyougivesomeexamples?Compareandtranslatethefollowing:153.4ChoiceofAffectiveMeaninStory①Thestoryoftheheroisextremelymoving.

英雄的事跡是極為動人的。②Hestoriedabouthisage.

他捏造年齡。③Thatfacemusthaveastorybelongingtoit.

那張臉成這個模樣，背后必有文章。④Therealstorywasmadepublic.

真相大白。（水落石出。）⑤Whatastory!Idon’tbelieveawordofit.

彌天大謊！我只字不信。16Story16小結(jié)：Agoodtranslatorshouldrepresentnotonlytheoriginalthoughtbutalsotheoriginalstyleinthetargetlanguage.Thatiscalled“意似，形似，神似”.17小結(jié)：173.5ChoiceofExtendedMeaningsQuestion:Howtoextendthemeaningwhenamechanicaltranslationisunintelligibletothereaders?Canyougivesomeexamples?183.5ChoiceofExtendedMeaningTranslatethefollowing,extendingthemeaningsofthewordsinitalics(Drills3.7,P.84):1.OnAshurttherehadnowcomeafeelingofparalysis.(TheAppleTree)這時間阿舍特卻不知道怎么辦才好（呆若木雞）。(concrete→abstract)19Translatethefollowing,exten2.TheMalianpeople,inspiteoftheirgeographicalconfinement,havealreadygiventheproofthattheyaredeterminedtofaceallthedifficultiesandthenecessarysacrificestosafeguardtheirdignity.盡管從地理上說，馬里人處在一個內(nèi)陸國，但為了捍衛(wèi)自己的尊嚴，他們已證明有決心去面對一切困難和必要的犧牲。(abstract→specific)3.Thepenismightierthanthesword.筆桿子比槍桿子厲害/文能制武。(abstract→concrete)202.TheMalianpeople,inspite4.Veniceisthechildofherowntumultuous(喧囂的)past.(C.Lucas:AValentineforVenice)威尼斯之所以演變成現(xiàn)在這種狀況，是因為其自身混亂的過去造成的。(昔日的亂世造成了今天的威尼斯。)(concrete→abstract)5.OnceshewonderedwhetherheroutspokennessmightbealiabilitytoFranklin.(TheGloryandtheDream)她一度懷疑自己那么心直口快，是否會成為富蘭克林的包袱（累贅）。(abstract→concrete)214.Veniceisthechildofher3.6ChoiceofStylisticMeaningsQuestion:Howdostylisticsynonymsindifferentsettingsinfluencedictionintranslation?Canyougivesomeexamples?Analyzetheexamplesfrompp.76-79223.6ChoiceofStylisticMeaninReflection:Comparethefollowingtranslations,andpointoutwhichispreferredforkeepingitsoriginalstyle.(Examples&Drills3.5a)Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.(FrancisBacon:OfStudies,159723Reflection:23①讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。（王佐良譯）②讀書使人感覺快樂，使人富有光彩，使人增長才干。其快樂之處，主要在于獨處休閑之時，其光彩之處，主要顯于社交交談之時；其才干之處，主要見于判斷處事之時。點評：①采用文言詞語和句法解構(gòu)，典雅暢達，效果畢肖，“文體如之”，追求神似、形似。24①讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨處幽2.退休工人邵勸幫對小兒子在春說，“那時候，干一天活累得連炕都上不去，渾身疼得要命，睡也睡不著?！雹賁haoQuanbang,aretiredworker,saidtohislittlesonZaichun,“Atthattime,Iwassofatiguedafteraday’sdrudgerythatIfounditveryhardtomountthekang.Mywholeframeachingacutely,Icouldn’tgotosleephoweverhardItried.”252.退休工人邵勸幫對小兒子在春說，“那時候，干一天活累得連②ShaoQuanbang,aretiredworker,saidtohislittlesonZaichun,“Inthosedays,Iwasusuallysodoneupafteraday’shardworkthatIcouldhardlygetonthekang.Asmywholebodyachedlikeanything.Isimplycouldn’tgettosleepevenItriedto.”點評：②接近原文退休工人對小兒子說話的身份、口氣、言辭和口語體。26②ShaoQuanbang,aretiredworTranslatethefollowingsentenceswithdifferentstylisticfeatureswhereverpossible.(Drills3.5b,P.79)1.Itisatruesayingthattimeandtidewaitfornoman.“時間不等人”，這話一點也不假。(“時不我待”，確是至理名言。)27Translatethefollowingsenten2.Nothingissadderthantopartforever;Nothingishappierthantocontractanewacquaintance.悲莫悲兮生別離，樂莫樂兮結(jié)新知。(formal&archaic)Reflection:Isitappropriatetotransfertheoriginalsentenceintoinformalorcolloquialstyle?282.Nothingissadderthantop3.Ifwint