新教材人教版英語選擇性課時作業(yè)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS教學(xué)知識細(xì)解碼

課時分層作業(yè)(一)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語提示寫出單詞。1．Theevidencedemonstrateshoweasilypeoplecanholdcontradictory(相互矛盾的)beliefs.2．Washismothertoosevere(嚴(yán)厲)onhim?3．Thedriverofthecrashedcarreceivedmultiple(多樣的)injuries.4．Weshouldtransformoursubjectiveworldwhiletransforming(改變)theobjectiveworld.5．Accordingtoofficialstatistics(統(tǒng)計數(shù)字)，theislandhad37people.6．Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreased(減少)lastyear.7．Theymadesubstantial(重大的)changestothearrangements.8．Theprimeministerwasalwaysdemandingactiveintervention(干涉)earlyon.9．Thepolicehavenownarroweddowntheirlistofsuspects(犯罪嫌疑人)．10．Hewasnotdispleasedatthewayhehandled(處理)theproblem.Ⅱ.閱讀理解ABrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion：WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖論)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready，perhaps,tolearnmath.”WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(現(xiàn)象)—andhavingfun!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。物理學(xué)家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子能夠?qū)ΜF(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。1．Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery．A．direct B．difficultC．personal D．longB[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Greene對這個問題的解釋以及他說需要未來的物理學(xué)家去解決可知，這個問題可能非常難。]2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind．A．a(chǎn)reboringtoreadB．a(chǎn)remainlyaboutmathC．a(chǎn)repopularsciencebooksD．a(chǎn)reonlypopularamongkidsC[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“...booksby...makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”可知，Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫的書淺顯易懂，適合大眾閱讀，故這些書屬于科普讀物。]3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，當(dāng)作者指出一些學(xué)生覺得物理無聊時，Greene說重要的是向孩子們講述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些諸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的現(xiàn)代物理現(xiàn)象，如果孩子們知道了這些，他們就愿意了解更多詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容。因此他認(rèn)為興趣在學(xué)習(xí)過程中起著非常重要的作用。]4．Inthelastparagraph，Greenehopesthat．A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlifeA[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對科學(xué)和物理感興趣，去探索宇宙的奧秘。]BSirJohnGurdon,aBritishscientist,whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012，saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“test-tubebaby”.Hesaid，“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,‘Well,itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherbyusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎得主、英國科學(xué)家約翰·格登爵士稱，那些在事故中失去子女的父母將能在未來50年內(nèi)借助克隆技術(shù)，讓他們的子女得到“重生”。5．SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityinatmost.A．a(chǎn)bout100years B．a(chǎn)bout60yearsC．a(chǎn)bout50years D．a(chǎn)bout10yearsC[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未來50年內(nèi)，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母將有可能通過克隆技術(shù)得到孩子的“復(fù)制品”。]6．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“test-tubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst‘test-tubebaby’”可排除A項；文章尾段說明贊成者占六成，故排除B項；根據(jù)第二段中格登爵士的話可知，他對克隆人充滿了希望，故排除C項；根據(jù)第二段的尾句可知，D項表述不正確。]7．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“”A．sameB．specialC．newD．clearA[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“twin”和“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A項正確。]8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat．A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn'sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomedayD[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句可知，雖然克隆人類的嘗試將引起復(fù)雜的道德問題，但是生物學(xué)家聲稱如果克隆技術(shù)變得有醫(yī)學(xué)價值，人們很快就會消除他們的擔(dān)心。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五ThereisanoldSpanishproverbwhichstates,“Tomorrowisoftenthebusiestdayoftheweek.”1Toomany.Butourdreamsshouldnotandcannotwait.Tomorrowisnotpromised.Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath,buttherealityisthateverybodywilldiesomeday.Noneofusknowtheday.2Don'tgotoyourgravewithunfinisheddreams.Makethedecisiontogoaftereverydream,bigorsmall,rightnow.Theworldiswaitingforyourgift.Theworldiswaitingforyou.3Sure,otherpeoplemaybeabletosing,butthey'llneverbeabletosingexactlylikeyou.Sure,otherpeoplecanwrite,butthey'llneverbeabletowritefromthesamepointofviewinwhichyouwrite.4Youcandreamaboutwritingagreatnovel,butit'snevergoingtohappenunlessyouactuallyputyourpentopaper.Youcandreamaboutfindingacureforcancer,butitwillneverhappenunlessyouactuallygotoschooltobecomeequippedwiththenecessarytoolstofindthatcure.Youcan'tletfearwin.Oneofthebiggestdreamkillersisfear.Therearesomanypeoplewhocouldhavea