四川省涼山州2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（含解析）

第第頁四川省涼山州2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題（含解析）四川省涼山州2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題

學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________

一、閱讀理解

Newappsprovidemoresourcesofinformationandbringconvenience.Herearesomeofthenewestfreeapps.Ifyouareinterested,downloadthemtoyoursmartphone!

iEDUItallowsstudentstosearchforiEDUadvisingcenterinformation,whereyoucandiscoverneweducationalinformation,aid,opportunitiesandadvice.IndieShuffleItallowsyoutolookthroughlesser-knownartists’music.Youcansavesongsorartistsyoulikeandfindbandswithsimilarsounds.

BrainPOPItmixeslearningandtechnologyinafunandsimpleway.ItisfreeandteachesyousomethingnewinEnglisheveryday.TodoistItisatimesaver,anapphelpingyoumanageyourtime,addataskandevenassigntaskstootherpeoplewhoneedaquickreminder!

1．WhoaretheintendedusersofiEDU

A．Professors.B．Doctors.C．Drivers.D．Students.

2．WhichappwillyoupreferifyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish

A．iEDU.B．IndieShuffle.C．BrainPOP.D．Todoist.

3．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthistext

A．Inanewspaper.B．Inafashionmagazine.

C．Inamovieposter.D．Inanacademicreport.

WilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.

Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissix-year-oldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.

Onweekends,Williamandafewothervolunteerstake20to25kidsoutfishingonarentalboat,whichwassupportedbythecaptainoftheDoubleEagle.Manyhaveneverbeenfishingorevenonaboat,soWilliam—orBigWill,asthekidscallhim—startsbyteachingthebasics.Thencomethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.TakeaKidFishinghastakenmorethan600fishingtripswithalmost2,000kidswhodon’thaveafatherintheirlives.

Hewantstosharehisloveoffishingwithkidswhodon’thaveafathertotakethem.“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem,”hesays.Becausemanykidsgoonmultipletrips,Williamisabletobuildrelationshipswiththem.HeandCamran,now20,stillregularlyfishtogether,andCamranseesBigWillasafatherfigure.

TakeaKidFishinghasahugeimpact,butitstartedbecauseWilliamwantedtohelponekid.DoyouknowachildwhomightbenefitfromyourfriendshipIntroducethemtofishingoranotherhobbyyouenjoy.Youcanmakeagreatdifferencetotheirlife.

4．WhatcontributedtothefoundingofTakeaKidFishing

A．Kids’passionforfishing.B．Teachingpoorkids.

C．Fatherlesskids’misfortune.D．Camran’spositivechange.

5．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3

A．Manykidsexpectedfishingexperiences.

B．Fewkidsparticipatedinthefishingtrips.

C．Theorganizationtaughtmorethanbasicskills.

D．Thefishingboatwasofferedbyothervolunteers.

6．WhichofthefollowingopinionwillWilliamDunnagreewith

A．Anunhappychildneedsafriend.

B．Companymattersalotinkids’lives.

C．Fatherlesskidsenjoyoutdooractivities.

D．Anexperiencedcaptainshouldcareforkids.

7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A．FishingChangesFatherlessKids’Life

B．FriendshipHasaGreatImpactonKids

C．FishingOffersKidstheJoyofRelaxing

D．TheLoveofFishingBondsFamilyTogether

Reachingouttosupportapersonwhenthey’reunderstressisalwaysagoodidea.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.Thestudyshowstheimportanceofsocialsupporttobuffertheriskrofdevelopingdepressionsymptomsingeneral.

Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.Thefindingshowsgreatestimpactofsocialsupportinthosewithhighestriskscoresfordepression.

Comparedtoothergroupsofindividualsinthestudywhohadlowdepressionriskscores,thedoctorsandwidowswithhigherriskscoreshadhigherratesofdepressionaftertheylostsocialsupport,butalsohadlowerratesofdepressionwhentheygainedsocialsupportduringstressfultimes.

Sen,whoisthedirectoroftheEisenbergFamilyDepressionCenteraddsthatevenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(變異)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,learninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.“Furtherunderstandingthedifferentgeneticmapsassociatedwithsensitivitytolossofsocialsupport,lackofsleep,excessiveworkstressandotherriskfactorscouldhelpusdeveloppersonalizedguidancefordepressionprevention,”hesaid.“Inthemeantime,thesefindingsreaffirmhowimportantsocialconnections,socialsupportandindividualsensitivitytothesocialenvironmentareasfactorsinwell-beingandpreventingdepression.”

Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.Sennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepression-relatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.

8．Whatdoesthenewstudyfind

A．Depressioncanbepassedonamonggenerations.

B．Oneisgeneticqualityisrelatedtodepression.

C．Socialsupportcanreducegeneticdepressionrisk.

D．Peoplewithoutsupporttend.tofeeldepressed.

9．Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthestudy

A．Bycollectingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.

C．Bystudyingpapers.D．Bydoingexperiments.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerability”meaninParagraph4

A．Tendency.B．Weakness.C．Awareness.D．Reduction.

11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext

A．DepressionwillleadtoDNAvariation.

B．Geneticmapscanguideustowell-being.

C．Furtherdataaretobecollectedforthestudy.

D．Individualsensitivityisagreatdepressionrisk.

Plasticpollutionisagrowingglobalproblem.Simplistic,unhelpfullabellingandlowrecyclingrateseveninthebest-equippedcountriesaremajorbarrierstotacklingthisissue.

Inanewpaper,expertsfromtheUniversityofExeterandtheUniversityofQueenslandsuggestanewinternationallyapplicablelabellingsystemthatmovesthefocusfromrecyclabilitytosustainability.

“Weneedtoempowerconsumerstomakemoresustainablechoices,”saysleadauthorStephenBurrows.Insteadof“yes-no”recyclinglabels,whichareoftenmisleading,asustainabilityscale(等級(jí))couldtakeaccountofrecyclabilityaswellasotherfactorssuchastheenvironmentalcostofproduction,andpotentialhumanhealthrisksfromadditives(添加劑).

“Requiringpackagingtocarryregion-specificdirectionsfordisposal(廢棄處理)wouldshiftresponsibilityawayfromconsumersandtowardsregulatorsandplasticproducers.Thisisvitalbecausethemixofplasticproductsisconfusing,andindustrymustberesponsibleforclearinstructionsonhowbesttodisposeofplasticitems.Thesameistrueforthechemicaladditivesfoundinmanyplastics.Requiringproducerstolistalladditiveswouldbeamajorsteptowardsinformingthepublicandhelpingthemmakedecisionsregardingenvironmentalimpactandhumanhealth,”saysBurrows.

Atpresent,about368milliontonnesofplasticisproducedworldwideeachyear.Theresearchersstressthattheirrecommendationsshouldnotreducetheurgentneedtouselessplastic—especiallysingle-useitems.

ProfessorTamaraGalloway,fromtheUniversityofExeter,says:“Ourrecommendationsforasustainabilityscalearedesignedtoreducesomeoftheconfusionaroundplasticdisposal.Theultimateaimistoprotecttheenvironmentandhumanhealthfromtheharmfuleffectsofplasticwaste.”

ProfessorKevinThomas,fromtheUniversityofQueensland,says:“Wehopethatourrecommendationsinitiate(發(fā)起)areassessmentofplasticlabellingandthatcarryingoutasustainabilityscalewillallowindividualstomakeinformeddecisionsonhowtheyuseplastics.”

12．Whatareplasticproducersrequiredtodo

A．Maketheirplasticpackagingattractive.

B．Offerspecificinstructionsforregulators.

C．Remindconsumerstoassesshealthrisks.

D．Showconsumersplasticadditivecontent.

13．Whatdotheresearchersstress

A．Plasticuseneedsreducing.B．Plasticisbeingwidelyproduced.

C．Single-useplasticsarepreferred.D．Producershavetolistalladditives.

14．WhatdoGallowayandThomassayabouttheirrecommendations

A．Theyallowindividualstocareabouttheirhealth.

B．Theyinstructindividualstogetridofplasticwaste.

C．Theyencourageindividualstogivetipsonplasticdisposal.

D．Theyhelpindividualsreduceharmfuleffectsofplasticwaste.

15．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout

A．Plasticlabellingneedsasustainabilityscale.

B．Thereisaneedfor“yes-no”recyclinglabels.

C．Theconsumersneedtolabeltheirplasticitems.

D．Itischallengingtomovefromrecyclabilitytosustainability.

HowtoSleepBetteratNight

Itiswidelyknownthatagoodsleephelpsusrelaxanditalsomakesusenergeticagain.16Lackofsleepcancauseillnesses.Howcanweimproveournight’ssleepHerearesometipstoimproveit.

●Takeexerciseduringtheday

17Itcanreducestressandhelpusfeelmorerelaxed.Butdon’ttakeexerciserightbeforebedtimeasexercisecanmakeustooexcitedtofallasleep.

●Don’tuseelectronicproductsbeforebedtime

Beforebedtime,someofushaveahabitofusingelectronicproductstosurftheInternet,listentomusicorwatchmovies.It’sbadforourhealthtodotheseactivitiesbeforebedtime.18Expertssuggestweshouldstopusingelectronicproductsatleastanhourbeforewegotobed.

●19

Whenwesleepwithlightson,ourbrainwillthinkit’sstilldaytime.Itwilltakeuslongertimetofallasleepandwewillrestless.Soit’swisetosleepwithlightsoff.

●Keepworriesaway

Someofushavedifficultyinfallingasleepbecauseofworries.Insteadoflyingawake,wecanwritedownthethingsthatmakeusworriedandmakealistofthingstodo.20

A．Don’tsleepwithlightson.

B．Don’tmakeanynoiseatnight.

C．Takingexerciseisgoodforoursleep.

D．Thereisnowaytosolvealltheseproblems.

E．Theywillkeepourbrainactiveandpreventsleep.

F．However,someofushavetroublewithsleepatnight.

G．Inthiswaywecankeepworriesawayandsleepbetter.

二、完形填空

Notlongagomydaughter’sfavoriteshoeswerecutwithaknife.Shecried.Itookthemtotheshoemakertogetthem21.Theyoungapprentice(學(xué)徒)22atthecutsquicklyandsaid,“Icando23exceptreplacetheuppers.”Themasterlookedatthemandsaid,“Ifyoutrustme,Iwilladdmorecutstobothoftheshoes.”Iwas24andaskedwhy.He25,“Asifthecutsweremadeonpurposeforspecialstyle.”Ididn’tfully26him,butIdecidedtoleavetheshoes.

Twodayslater,Iwenttocollecttheshoes.Atfirst27Ifoundtherewereindeedmorecutsoneachshoe,butallofthemwere28withredthreadaround.Theshoeslookedquite29andmoreinterestingthanever.Icouldn’thelpbutspeakhighlyofhis30.

Anothertime,mywife’swhiteskirthadanopening.Mywifecheckedit31andsaid,“I’llmenditmyself.”Threedayslater,seeingtheskirtagain,Iwasshocked:the32hadbeenrepairedbythinandwhitethreadanditlookedlikeaflower.I33,“It’sjustasbeautifulasapieceofart!”

“Igotthe34fromthatshoemaker.Patches(補(bǔ)丁)aresupposedtobeugly,butaskillfulpersoncanmakeitlookperfect.”repliedmywife.

35shesaidsetmethinking:perfectionis36toachieveineverything;patchesare37,soishuman’slife,whichwillappearintheformofinjury,disabilityordisease.Nowthatyoucan’t38theexistenceofthem,allyoucandoandhavetodoisto39thewoundbypatchesandtryyourbesttobloom(盛開)amostbeautifulfloweronthewound,andthatisthemeaningof40.

21．A．cleanedB．paintedC．soldD．repaired

22．A．glancedB．glaredC．laughedD．smiled

23．A．somethingB．nothingC．a(chǎn)nythingD．everything

24．A．delightedB．convincedC．confusedD．embarrassed

25．A．explainedB．declaredC．a(chǎn)nnouncedD．interrupted

26．A．likeB．ignoreC．understandD．help

27．A．a(chǎn)ttemptB．sightC．handD．light

28．A．decoratedB．filledC．occupiedD．mixed

29．A．sillyB．strangeC．uniqueD．ugly

30．A．statusB．strengthC．sweatD．skill

31．A．carefullyB．frequentlyC．graduallyD．curiously

32．A．cutB．woundC．openingD．injury

33．A．breathedB．praisedC．jumpedD．complained

34．A．planB．truthC．desireD．inspiration

35．A．ThatB．WhatC．WhenD．Where

36．A．necessaryB．easyC．rightD．impossible

37．A．unavoidableB．unlikelyC．unimportantD．unsuitable

38．A．makeB．changeC．produceD．exchange

39．A．a(chǎn)greewithB．talkwithC．dealwithD．playwith

40．A．studyB．educationC．workD．life

三、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Chineseexpedition(探險(xiǎn))team,onMay23,2023,reachedthesummit(山頂)ofMountQomolangma,theworld’shighestpeak,41theycarriedoutscientificresearch.

Theaimistomaintainandupgrade(升級(jí))theeightweather42(station)ataltitudesbetween5,200metersand8,830meters.Theteammembers43(leave)theAssaultCampatanaltitudeof8,300metersat3:00a.m.Andtheyarrived44theweatherstationatanaltitudeof8,830metersafterclimbingseveralhours.

KangShichang,aresearcherattheNorthwestInstituteofEco-EnvironmentandResourcesundertheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),hastakenateamto45(physical)examinetheglaciers(冰川).46(use)drones(無人機(jī)),3Dlaserscanningandotheradvancedequipment,theymonitoredpollutantsandchangesinglaciers.SuTao,aresearcherattheXishuangbannaTropicalBotanicalGardenunderCAS,47(lead)ateamoffourtocarryoutafieldinvestigationintheMt.Qomolangmaregionoverthepasttwoweeks.“Paleontologicalfossils(古生物化石)have48uniqueadvantagebecausetheshapeanddistributionoforganismsarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment,”saidSu.

Overthepast60years,49(count)ChineseclimbersandresearchershavecometoMt.Qomolangma50(measure)itsheightwiththeirfootsteps.

四、短文改錯(cuò)

51．下面短文中有10處語言錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)?jiān)谟绣e(cuò)誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個(gè)單詞。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞；

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每句不超過兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤；

2.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Peoplealwayssaythatwelackoftheeyesofrealizingthebeautyinlife.Ican’tagreecomplete.LastFriday,Iwakeupveryearlyanddecidedtotakeawalk.Inthesquarewheremanyseniorcitizenweredancing,Ifoundseveraleldersburythemselvesinfeedingbirds.Withoutmanycars,Irealizedthatthecitylookedsocleanbutbeautiful.Somecoffeeshopsweredecoratedprettywell,whichattractedourattention.Thewholecitywascoveredwithgreentrees,makingitgreencity.Atthismoment,Ifoundthecitywassointerested.HowIregretignoreitsbeautybefore!

五、告知信/通知

52．假設(shè)你是李華，你校學(xué)生會(huì)打算下周六上午在音樂廳舉辦“用英語講中國(guó)故事”(TellingChineseStoriesinEnglish)的演講比賽，請(qǐng)你用英語寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：

1.比賽目的;

2.比賽要求;

3.注意事項(xiàng)。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100字左右;

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Notice

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TheStudents’Union

July13th,2023

試卷第1頁，共3頁

試卷第1頁，共3頁

參考答案：

1．D2．C3．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了幾個(gè)新的免費(fèi)應(yīng)用程序。

1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)iEDU部分“ItallowsstudentstosearchforiEDUadvisingcenterinformation,whereyoucandiscoverneweducationalinformation,aid,opportunitiesandadvice.(它允許學(xué)生搜索iEDU咨詢中心信息，在那里你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)新的教育信息、援助、機(jī)會(huì)和建議。)”可知，iEDU主要面對(duì)學(xué)生。故選D項(xiàng)。

2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BrainPOP部分“Itmixeslearningandtechnologyinafunandsimpleway.ItisfreeandteachesyousomethingnewinEnglisheveryday.(它以一種有趣而簡(jiǎn)單的方式將學(xué)習(xí)和技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起。它是免費(fèi)的，每天教你一些新的英語。)”可知，BrainPOP可以幫助提升英語。故選C項(xiàng)。

3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段話“Ifyouareinterested,downloadthemtoyoursmartphone!(如果你感興趣，下載到你的智能手機(jī)!)”可知，如果你對(duì)這些應(yīng)用程序感興趣，可以下載到手機(jī)里。這篇文章的主題與時(shí)尚，電影以及學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告不相關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)。

4．D5．C6．B7．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了WilliamDunn創(chuàng)立非營(yíng)利組織“帶孩子釣魚公司”，該組織通過釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)教育貧困和無父的孩子。文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚公司”的影響力。

4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissix-year-oldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran’smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked”fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran’sbehavior.“That’swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,”hesays.(十幾年前，他6歲的沒有父親的鄰居卡姆蘭對(duì)媽媽發(fā)脾氣，威廉受到啟發(fā)，請(qǐng)求卡姆蘭的媽媽允許他帶卡姆蘭去釣魚?？贰ぬm從第一次旅行開始就“上癮”了。兩人每周一起釣魚幾次，威廉看到了卡姆蘭行為上的積極變化?！澳菚r(shí)我意識(shí)到我有責(zé)任幫助那些沒有父親的孩子，”他說。)”可知，一個(gè)沒有父親的鄰居的積極變化啟發(fā)威廉·鄧恩創(chuàng)立了“帶孩子釣魚公司”。故選D。

5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thencomethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.(然后是釣魚帶給我們的人生教訓(xùn)：耐心、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作以及在戶外放松的簡(jiǎn)單樂趣。)”可推知，該組織教授的不僅僅是基本技能。故選C。

6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI’mthereforthem(我只是想讓他們知道，我關(guān)心他們，我會(huì)在他們身邊)”可知，威廉·鄧恩認(rèn)為陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故選B。

7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“WilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.(威廉·鄧恩是佛羅里達(dá)州萊克蘭的非營(yíng)利組織“帶孩子釣魚公司”的創(chuàng)始人，該組織通過釣魚運(yùn)動(dòng)教育貧困和無父的孩子。)”結(jié)合文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚公司”的影響力?？芍珹選項(xiàng)“FishingChangesFatherlessKids’Life(釣魚改變了沒有父親的孩子的生活)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

8．C9．A10．A11．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于壓力之下時(shí)，伸出援助之手總是一個(gè)好主意。事實(shí)上，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，對(duì)于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來說，支持可能尤其重要。這項(xiàng)研究顯示了社會(huì)支持在緩解抑郁癥狀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的重要性。

8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.（事實(shí)上，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，對(duì)于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來說，支持可能尤其重要。）”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“社會(huì)支持可以降低遺傳性抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”故選C。

9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining，andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.（這項(xiàng)研究使用了兩組截然不同的壓力人群的數(shù)據(jù):一組是剛接受了最緊張訓(xùn)練的新醫(yī)生，另一組是親人最近去世的老年人。）”可知，研究者通過收集數(shù)據(jù)來完成研究。故選A。

10．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句“l(fā)earninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.（了解這種變異是如何導(dǎo)致抑郁的至關(guān)重要。）”和“evenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation(變異)relatedtodepressionvulnerability,可知，基因研究揭示了更多與抑郁趨向性相關(guān)的DNA變異可知，劃線詞的意思是“趨勢(shì)，傾向性”。故選A。

11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.Sennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollectscoresbasedondepression-relatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianandAfricanblood.（此外，研究中使用的數(shù)據(jù)是基于歐洲血統(tǒng)的人，這限制了將研究結(jié)果推廣到其他背景的人的能力。Sen指出，在東亞和非洲血統(tǒng)的其他人群中，正在進(jìn)行其他工作，以收集與抑郁癥相關(guān)的遺傳特征的分?jǐn)?shù)。）”可知，這項(xiàng)研究還需要收集更多的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

12．D13．A14．D15．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家建議為塑料制品貼上更詳盡的標(biāo)簽，助力可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thesameistrueforthechemicaladditivesfoundinmanyplastics.Requiringproducerstolistalladditiveswouldbeamajorsteptowardsinformingthepublicandhelpingthemmakedecisionsregardingenvironmentalimpactandhumanhealth,(在許多塑料中發(fā)現(xiàn)的化學(xué)添加劑也是如此。要求生產(chǎn)商列出所有添加劑將是告知公眾并幫助他們就環(huán)境影響和人類健康做出決定的重要一步，)”可知，生產(chǎn)商需要告知公眾塑料中的所有添加劑的含量。故選D。

13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theresearchersstressthattheirrecommendationsshouldnotreducetheurgentneedtouselessplastic—especiallysingle-useitems.(研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們的建議不應(yīng)削弱減少塑料使用的迫切需要，尤其是一次性物品。)”可知，研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，塑料的使用需要減少。故選A。

14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ourrecommendationsforasustainabilityscalearedesignedtoreducesomeoftheconfusionaroundplasticdisposal.(我們對(duì)可持續(xù)性規(guī)模的建議旨在減少人們對(duì)塑料處理的一些困惑。)”和最后一段中的“ProfessorKevinThomas,fromtheUniversityofQueensland,says:‘Wehopethatourrecommendationsinitiate(發(fā)起)areassessmentofplasticlabellingandthatcarryingoutasustainabilityscalewillallowindividualstomakeinformeddecisionsonhowtheyuseplastics.’(昆士蘭大學(xué)的凱文·托馬斯教授說:“我們希望我們的建議能啟動(dòng)對(duì)塑料標(biāo)簽的重新評(píng)估，實(shí)施可持續(xù)性量表將使個(gè)人能夠在如何使用塑料方面做出明智的決定?！?”可推斷，文章主要講述了加洛韋和托馬斯幫助個(gè)人減少塑料垃圾的有害影響。故選D。

15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inanewpaper,expertsfromtheUniversityofExeterandtheUniversityofQueenslandsuggestanewinternationallyapplicablelabellingsystemthatmovesthefocusfromrecyclabilitytosustainability.(在一篇新論文中，來自?？巳卮髮W(xué)和昆士蘭大學(xué)的專家提出了一種新的國(guó)際適用的標(biāo)簽系統(tǒng)，將重點(diǎn)從可回收性轉(zhuǎn)移到可持續(xù)性。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家建議為塑料制品貼上更詳盡的標(biāo)簽，助力可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選A。

16．F17．C18．E19．A20．G

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文就如何在晚上睡得更好提出了一些建議。

16．根據(jù)下文“Lackofsleepcancauseillnesses.”（睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾?。┛芍仗幷f明有些人晚上難以入睡。F選項(xiàng)“然而，我們中的一些人晚上難以入睡”切題。故選F項(xiàng)。

17．根據(jù)下文“Itcanreducestressandhelpusfeelmorerelaxed.”（它可以減輕壓力，幫助我們感到更放松）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說明鍛煉是對(duì)睡眠是有好處的。故C選項(xiàng)“鍛煉身體對(duì)我們的睡眠有好處”切題。故選C項(xiàng)。

18．根據(jù)上文“It’sbadforourhealthtodotheseactivitiesbeforebedtime.”（睡前做這些活動(dòng)對(duì)我們的健康有害）空處承接上文繼續(xù)說害處。故E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)讓我們的大腦保持活躍，防止睡眠”切題。故選E項(xiàng)。

19．根據(jù)下文“Whenwesleepwithlightson,ourbrainwillthinkit’sstilldaytime.Itwilltakeuslongertimetofallasleepandwewillrestless.”（當(dāng)我們開著燈睡覺時(shí)，我們的大腦會(huì)認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在還是白天。我們?nèi)胨臅r(shí)間會(huì)更長(zhǎng)，休息的時(shí)間也會(huì)更少）可知，本段在說明睡覺不要開燈。故A選項(xiàng)“不要開著燈睡覺”切題，為本段的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

20．根據(jù)上文“Insteadoflyingawake,wecanwritedownthethingsthatmakeusworriedandmakealistofthingstodo.”（與其躺著睡不著，我們可以把讓我們擔(dān)心的事情寫下來，列出要做的事情。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文，說明上文所帶來的的好處。故G選項(xiàng)“這樣我們就可以遠(yuǎn)離煩惱，睡得更好”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。

21．D22．A23．B24．C25．A26．C27．B28．A29．C30．D31．A32．C33．B34．D35．B36．D37．A38．B39．C40．D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。一位技藝嫻熟的修鞋匠通過裝飾裂口讓本來破損的鞋子變得更加獨(dú)特有趣，“我”的妻子從中得到了靈感，自己用細(xì)細(xì)的白線裝飾了裙子的開口，“我”覺得這條裙子就像一件藝術(shù)品一樣美麗，并領(lǐng)悟到生命的缺憾無法避免和改變，我們應(yīng)該盡最大的努力在傷口上開出一朵最美的花，這就是生活的意義。

21．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它們帶到鞋匠那里修理。A.cleaned清理；B.painted繪畫；C.sold售賣；D.repaired修理。根據(jù)“Itookthemtotheshoemaker”和前文“Notlongagomydaughter’sfavoriteshoeswerecutwithaknife.(不久前，我女兒最喜歡的鞋子被刀割了。)”可知，此處是指把鞋帶到鞋匠那里修理。故選D。

22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：年輕的學(xué)徒飛快地看了一眼裂口，說：“除了換鞋面，我什么也做不了?！盇.glanced一瞥，看一眼；B.glared怒視；C.laughed大笑；D.smiled微笑。根據(jù)“atthecutsquickly”可知，此處是指飛快地看了一眼裂口。故選A。

23．考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：年輕的學(xué)徒飛快地看了一眼裂口，說：“除了換鞋面，我什么也做不了?！盇.something某物；B.nothing沒有什么；C.anything任何事物；D.everything一切。根據(jù)“exceptreplacetheuppers”可知，此處是指除了換鞋面什么也做不了。故選B。

24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很困惑，問為什么。A.delighted高興的；B.convinced確信的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)“andaskedwhy”可知，此處是指“我”很困惑。故選C。

25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說：“就好像是為了特殊的風(fēng)格而特意剪的?！盇.explained解釋；B.declared宣布；C.announced聲稱；D.interrupted打擾。根據(jù)“andaskedwhy”和“Asifthecutsweremadeonpurposeforspecialstyle.”可知，此處是指他解釋說。故選A。

26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不完全明白，但我決定留下這雙鞋。A.like喜歡；B.ignore忽視；C.understand明白；D.help幫助。根據(jù)“butIdecidedtoleavetheshoes”和“andaskedwhy”可知，此處是指“我”不完全明白。故選C。

27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：乍一看，我發(fā)現(xiàn)每只鞋上確實(shí)有更多的切口，但它們周圍都用紅線裝飾著。A.attempt嘗試；B.sight景象，視野；C.hand手；D.light光線。根據(jù)“Ifoundtherewereindeedmorecutsoneachshoe”可知，此處是指乍一看。故選B。

28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：乍一看，我發(fā)現(xiàn)每只鞋上確實(shí)有更多的切口，但它們周圍都用紅線裝飾著。A.decorated裝飾；B.filled使充滿；C.occupied占據(jù)；D.mixed混合。根據(jù)“withredthreadaround”可知，此處是指切口都用紅線裝飾著。故選A。

29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這雙鞋看起來非常獨(dú)特，比以往任何時(shí)候都有趣。A.silly愚蠢的；B.strange奇怪的；C.unique獨(dú)特的；D.ugly丑陋的。根據(jù)“andmoreinterestingthanever”可知，此處是指這雙鞋看起來非常獨(dú)特。故選C。

30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不得不高度贊揚(yáng)他的技術(shù)。A.status地位；B.strength優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C.sweat汗水；D.skill技術(shù)。根據(jù)“speakhighlyofhis”可知，此處是指高度贊揚(yáng)他的技術(shù)。故選D。

31．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我妻子仔細(xì)檢查了一下，說：“我自己來修?！盇.carefully仔細(xì)地；B.frequently頻繁地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.curiously好奇地。根據(jù)“Mywifecheckedit”可知，此處是指仔細(xì)檢查了一下。故選A。

32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：三天后，當(dāng)我再次看到這條裙子時(shí)，我震驚了：它的開口已經(jīng)被細(xì)細(xì)的白線補(bǔ)好了，看起來像一朵花。A.cut傷口；B.wound創(chuàng)口；C.opening開口；D.injury損傷。根據(jù)前文“Anothertime,mywife’swhiteskirthadanopening.(還有一次，我妻子的白裙子破了個(gè)口。)”可知，此處是指開口已經(jīng)被細(xì)細(xì)的白線補(bǔ)好了。故選C。

33．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我稱贊道：“它就像一件藝術(shù)品一樣美麗！”A.breathed呼吸；B.praised稱贊；C.jumped蹦跳；D.complained抱怨。根據(jù)“It’sjustasbeautifulasapieceofart!”可知，此處是指“我”稱贊道。故選B。

34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從那個(gè)鞋匠那里得到了靈感。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.truth真相；C.desire愿望；D.inspiration靈感。根據(jù)后文“Patches(補(bǔ)丁)aresupposedtobeugly,butaskillfulpersoncanmakeitlookperfect.(補(bǔ)丁應(yīng)該是丑陋的，但一個(gè)有技巧的人可以使它看起來完美。)”可知，此處是指從那個(gè)鞋匠那里得到了靈感。故選D。

35．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：她的話讓我思考：完美是不可能做到的；補(bǔ)丁是不可避免的，人生也是如此，它會(huì)以損傷、殘疾或疾病的形式出現(xiàn)。A.That僅起連接作用、無實(shí)義；B.What什么、所……的；C.When何時(shí)；D.Where何地。在主語從句中缺少賓語，且根據(jù)“shesaid”可知，此處是指“所說的”，所以應(yīng)用連接代詞what。故選B。

36．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的話讓我思考：完美是不可能做到的；補(bǔ)丁是不可避免的，人的生命也是如此，它會(huì)以損傷、殘疾或疾病的形式出現(xiàn)。A.necessary必要的；B.easy容易的；C.right正確的；D.impossible不可能的。根據(jù)“soishuman’slife,whichwillappearintheformofinjury,disabilityordisease”可知，此處是指完美是不可能做到的。故選D。

37．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的話讓我思考：完美是不可能做到的；補(bǔ)丁是不可避免的，人的生命也是如此，它會(huì)以損傷、殘疾或疾病的形式出現(xiàn)。A.unavoidable不可避免的；B.unlikely不可能的；C.unimportant不重要的；D.unsuitable不適合的。根據(jù)“soishuman’slife,whichwillappearintheformofinjury,disabilityordisease”可知，此處是指補(bǔ)丁是不可避免的。故選A。

38．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：既然你無法改變它們的存在，你所能做的和必須做的，就是用補(bǔ)丁來處理傷口，盡你最大的努力在傷口上開出一朵最美的花，這就是生命的意義。A.make制作；B.change改變；C.produce生產(chǎn)；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)“theexistenceofthem”可知，此處是指無法改變?nèi)焙兜拇嬖凇９蔬xB。

39．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：既然你無法改變它們的存在，你所能做的和必須做的，就是用補(bǔ)丁來處理傷口，盡你最大的努力在傷口上開出一朵最美的花，這就是生命的意義。A.agreewith同意；B.talkwith與……交談；C.dealwith處理；D.playwith與……玩耍。根據(jù)“thewoundbypatches”可知，此處是指用補(bǔ)丁來處理傷口。故選C。

40．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：既然你無法改變它們的存在，你所能做的和必須做的，就是用補(bǔ)丁來處理傷口，盡你最大的努力在傷口上開出一朵最美的花，這就是生活的意義。A.study研究；B.education教育；C.work工作；D.life生活。根據(jù)前文“soishuman’slife,whichwillappearintheformofinjury,disabilityordisease”可知，此處是指生活的意義。故選D。

41．where42．stations43．left44．a(chǎn)t45．physically46．Using47．hasled48．a(chǎn)49．countless50．tomeasure

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹中國(guó)考察隊(duì)登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰，在那里進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。

41．考查定語從句。句意：2023年5月23日，中國(guó)考察隊(duì)登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰，在那里進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，thesummit(山頂)ofMountQomolangma是先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，定語從句由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。

42．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：其目的是維護(hù)和升級(jí)海拔5200米至8830米之間的8個(gè)氣象站。根據(jù)空前的theeight可知，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填stations。

43．考查一般過過時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)天凌晨3點(diǎn)，隊(duì)員們離開了海拔8300米的攻擊營(yíng)地。該句描述過去發(fā)生的事情，句子用一般過去時(shí)。故填left。

44．考查介詞。句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)小時(shí)的攀登，他們到達(dá)了海拔8830米的氣象站。固定搭配：arriveat意為“到達(dá)”。故填at。

45．考查副詞。句意：中國(guó)科學(xué)院西北生態(tài)環(huán)境與資源研究院的研究員康世昌帶領(lǐng)一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)冰川進(jìn)行了物理檢查?？蘸骵xamine是動(dòng)詞，由副詞修飾。故填physically。

46．考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意：利用無人機(jī)、3D激光掃描和其他先進(jìn)設(shè)備，他們監(jiān)測(cè)了冰川中的污染物和變化。句子主語they和動(dòng)詞use之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，且首字母大寫。故填Using。

47．考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和主謂一致。句意：蘇濤是中國(guó)科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園的研究員，在過去的兩周里，他帶領(lǐng)一個(gè)四人小組在珠峰地區(qū)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查。根據(jù)overthepasttwoweeks可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且句子主語是單數(shù)第三人稱SuTao，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has。故填hasled。

48．考查不定冠詞。句意：古生物化石具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樯锏男螒B(tài)和分布與環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)”是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示“一種”獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾，且unique是以輔音音素開頭的詞。故填a。

49．考查形容詞