復(fù)習(xí)不定式的被動語態(tài)課件

Unit2RobotsUnit2Robots復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)一.復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)

英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式.主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者.如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰的時候,或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。一.復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)

英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式.我們讀課文中句子分析被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.2.ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedeliciouscuisine.構(gòu)成:be+動詞的過去分詞讀課文中句子分析被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.Ashewasno一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/

is/

aregiven過去was/

weregiven將來shall/

willbegiven時式二.常見主被動時態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/

havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengivene.g.Iamgivenapen.一般進(jìn)行完成am/is/aregivenwas/★被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+done一般現(xiàn)在/過去時：Thebook____________________.一般/過去將來時:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時：Thebook__________________________.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時:Thebook___________________________.情態(tài)動詞：Thebook_____________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished以

thebook,publish為例★被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+doneis/was1.Mycakes_______(eat)bythedog.2.Theroom________(clean)everyday.3.Hewill______(send)toAfricanextweek.

4.Printing____________(introduce)toEuropefromChina.5.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything___________(take)away.wereeaten

iscleaned

besent

wasintroducedhasbeentaken1.Mycakes_______(eat)byth不定式由“________________”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“_________”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作______、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_____結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有_____和_____的變化。獨(dú)立主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語時態(tài)語態(tài)動詞不定式to+do(動詞原形)nottodo不定式由“________________”構(gòu)成,其否定不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般時、完成時、進(jìn)行時和完成進(jìn)行時。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般時、完成時、進(jìn)行形式主動被動一般時進(jìn)行時完成時完成進(jìn)行時todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone形式主動被動一般時進(jìn)行時完成時完成當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用_____語態(tài)；當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的承受者時用_____語態(tài)。進(jìn)行時和完成進(jìn)行時沒有被動語態(tài)。主動被動當(dāng)動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用_Toloveandtobelovearethegreatesthappiness.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語主______________(encourage)makesmeconfident.TobeencouragedToloveandtobelovearetheItisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語主形式主語改寫:Tobecheatedisadisappointment.______________________________________.Itisadisappointmenttobecheated.ItisanhonourformetobeaAreyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek?不定式被動語態(tài)作_______語后置定1.翻譯:即將建成的圖書館位于市中心_________________________________________________________________Thelibrarytobebuiltliesinthecitycenter.AreyougoingtothemeetingtShehatestobecheated.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語賓翻譯:它拒絕被吃掉_________________________Itrefusestobeeaten.Shehatestobecheated.不定式被動語常接不定式做賓語的動詞速記口訣：三個希望兩答應(yīng)：______________________________________

兩個要求莫拒絕：______________________________________設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：____________________________________不要假裝在選擇：____________________________________hope,wish,want,agree,promisedemand,ask,refusemanage,learn,decidepretend,choose常接不定式做賓語的動詞速記口訣：hope,wish,wLookatthepictureandcompletethesentences:Thedishesneed___________________.

Themailneeds___________________.The

singer

refused________________.Thehouse__________________.tobewashedtobesenttobephotographed

tobesold(wash)(send)(photograph)(被要求sell)LookatthepictureandcompleAllthegiftsmustbesentimmediatelysoastobereceivedbeforeChristmas.不定式作______語目的狀Herushedhometobetoldhisparentshadpassedaway.不定式作______語結(jié)果狀To

bepraisedbytheteacher,thegirlworksveryhard不定式作______語原因狀Heistooyoungtobesenttoschool.不定式作______語結(jié)果狀A(yù)llthegiftsmustbesentimmDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmiredbyothers,especiallyJingXiang.不定式作___語,跟在_________________等詞之后表系動詞、感官動詞1.Theprojectis_____________(complete)bynextmonth.2.Thecleaningis__________(finish)byafternoon.3.Mydreamis_____________(admitted)tothePekingUniversity.tobecompletedtobefinishedtobeadmittedDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmirHeorderthebaggagetobebroughttohisroom.不定式作_________語賓語補(bǔ)足翻譯:1.老板要求郵件要在中午前發(fā).________________________________________________________________________2.我看著他被帶走。____________________________________Thebossdemandedtheemailtobesentbeforethisafternoon.Isawhimtobetakenaway.HeorderthebaggagetobebroThegirlaskedtobegivenanotherchancetotry.不定式被動語態(tài)作_______語復(fù)合謂翻譯:婦女希望被平等對待。________________________________Womenhopetobetreatedequally.Thegirlaskedtobegivenano1.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.2.Shepreferredto

havebeengiven

heavierworktodo.3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

不定式有時還可以有完成時的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。1.Itisagoodthingforhim4.Hethoughtitisanhonourto

havebeeninvitedtotheparty.

5.Thebookissaidto

havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

6.Shewasthefirstwomanto

havebeenelectedtosuchapost.

complexpredicate4.Hethoughtitisanhonour1.試比較。

1.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ihavealettertosend.2.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanylettertobesent.※當(dāng)句子主語與邏輯主語為一致時，______用主動形式表被動；當(dāng)句子主語與邏輯主語不一致時，_________用主動形式表被動可以不可以1.試比較?！?dāng)句子主語與邏輯主語為一致時，___1.Ihavealotofword______(say).2.---Secretary:Doyouhaveanyletter__________(type).---Boss:No,notyet.tosaytobetyped1.Ihavealotofword______2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetowaste.翻譯:沒有什么吃的。________________________________Thereisnothingtoeat.2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。翻譯:沒有什么吃的3.在“…be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。翻譯：爬墻很危險。____________________________e.g.Englishishardtolearn.Wallsaredangeroustoclimb.3.在“…be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用4.在“too…to…/enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.翻譯：她太小而不能被送去學(xué)校。____________________________Sheistooyoungtosendtoschool.4.在“too…to…/enough…to翻譯:許多工作要做,我無法去電影院。____________________________________________________________5.在“with+n.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withalotofworkstodo,Ican’tgotothecinema.翻譯:許多工作要做,我無法去電影院。5.在“with+一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________一般過去時：____________________一般將來時：__________________________________________過去將來時：_____________________現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：______________________過去進(jìn)行時：______________________現(xiàn)在完成時：______________________過去完成時：______________________將來完成時：______________________am/is/are+donewas/were+donewillbe/shallbe/+donebegoingtobe+donewouldbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+donehadbeen+donewill/shallbeen+done一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________am/1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybike______________bymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallet_________________.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.I_________towaithereforher.willberepairedhasbeenfoundwastoldPractice1.Myfatherwillrepairmybi4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurely__________bythepolice.5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.Mr.Green__________tomakeaspeech.bearrestedwasinvited4.Thepolicewillsurelyarre6.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’t__________outofthereading-room.betaken6.Youmustn’ttakethosebook一般式：被動式：完成被動式：主語賓語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語定語狀語tobedonetohavebeendonetodo可做什么成分？主語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語一般式：被動式：主語tobedonetohavebe6.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式表被動.常用的動詞有

let(出租),rent,hire,blame等1.Welostthefootballgame.IfeltIwastoblame.

2.Thehouseistolet．翻譯:酒駕的司機(jī)為這起車禍負(fù)責(zé)。____________________________________________________________Thedrunkdriveristoblameforthisaccident6.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式表被動.常用的動詞有7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主語承受動詞發(fā)出的動作”，表示被動意義。sth.needdoing=needsthtobedonesth.wantdoing=wantsthtobedone_______________________________

翻譯:你頭發(fā)要去理一理了。____________________________________________________________Yourhairneedscuting/Yourhairneedstobecut.Mycarneedsrepairing.=_______________________Mycarneedstoberepaired.必須/需要做某事7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主語承受動8.某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動詞可以表示被動意義。smelltasteprove無被動，用主動表被動1.Thedishtastesdelicious.2.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.翻譯:這朵花很好聞。______________________________Thisflowersmellsgood.8.某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動smell無被動，用sells此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來;有銷路”的意思；作及物動詞為“賣;出售”。Thiskindofcloth___________.(耐洗)cookwashwritesellread+well（程度副詞）Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.washeswell翻譯:這支剛筆很好寫。______________________________Thispenwriteswell.sells此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來;有銷cookwbeg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit,become,contain,cost,fit,have,lack,suit,take等。ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostsmetendollars.9.某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。這類動詞有：翻譯:從坐飛機(jī)到上海要花半個小時。______________________________IttakeshalfanhourtoShanghaibyair.beg,equal,fail,hold,posses戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokeout.10.通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有。翻譯:昨晚發(fā)生了一場車禍。______________________________Antrafficaccidenthappened.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。10.通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態(tài)，不及1.Shehates

_______________(laughat)byherclassmates.2.Timrefused____________________(accompany)byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled___________________(understand)bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodtobelaughedat1.Shehates_______________4.Thesearetheissues______________(discuss)tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________(test)outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________(envy)byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussed4.Thesearetheissues______GooverthepassivevoiceGooverthepassivevoice一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________1)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

2)Iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday.3)ThebooksarewrittenbyLuXun.am/is/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________一般過去時：____________________Thesecomputers

weremade

inourowncountry.一般將來時：_____________________Shallwe

beaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?was/were+donewill/shallbe+done一般過去時：____________________was過去將來時：_____________________Thenews

wouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.wouldbe+given現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：________________________

Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.am/is/arebeing+done過去將來時：_____________________wou過去進(jìn)行時：________________________Thefeast

wasbeingprepared

whenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.現(xiàn)在完成時：________________________Greatprogress

hasalsobeenmade

incultureandeducation.was/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+done過去進(jìn)行時：________________________過去完成時：_________________

Thehugebridge

hadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.將來完成時：_________________________Thebook

willhavebeenpublished

bytheendofnextmonth.hadbeen