復(fù)習不定式的被動語態(tài)課件

Unit2RobotsUnit2Robots復(fù)習動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)復(fù)習動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)一.復(fù)習被動語態(tài)

英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式.主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者.如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰的時候,或強調(diào)動作的承受者時。一.復(fù)習被動語態(tài)

英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式.我們讀課文中句子分析被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.2.ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedeliciouscuisine.構(gòu)成:be+動詞的過去分詞讀課文中句子分析被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.Ashewasno一般進行完成現(xiàn)在am/

is/

aregiven過去was/

weregiven將來shall/

willbegiven時式二.常見主被動時態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/

havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengivene.g.Iamgivenapen.一般進行完成am/is/aregivenwas/★被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+done一般現(xiàn)在/過去時：Thebook____________________.一般/過去將來時:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.現(xiàn)在/過去進行時：Thebook__________________________.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時:Thebook___________________________.情態(tài)動詞：Thebook_____________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished以

thebook,publish為例★被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+doneis/was1.Mycakes_______(eat)bythedog.2.Theroom________(clean)everyday.3.Hewill______(send)toAfricanextweek.

4.Printing____________(introduce)toEuropefromChina.5.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything___________(take)away.wereeaten

iscleaned

besent

wasintroducedhasbeentaken1.Mycakes_______(eat)byth不定式由“________________”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“_________”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作______、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_____結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有_____和_____的變化。獨立主語表語賓語賓補定語狀語時態(tài)語態(tài)動詞不定式to+do(動詞原形)nottodo不定式由“________________”構(gòu)成,其否定不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般時、完成時、進行時和完成進行時。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般時、完成時、進行形式主動被動一般時進行時完成時完成進行時todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone形式主動被動一般時進行時完成時完成當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用_____語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的承受者時用_____語態(tài)。進行時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。主動被動當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用_Toloveandtobelovearethegreatesthappiness.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語主______________(encourage)makesmeconfident.TobeencouragedToloveandtobelovearetheItisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語主形式主語改寫:Tobecheatedisadisappointment.______________________________________.Itisadisappointmenttobecheated.ItisanhonourformetobeaAreyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek?不定式被動語態(tài)作_______語后置定1.翻譯:即將建成的圖書館位于市中心_________________________________________________________________Thelibrarytobebuiltliesinthecitycenter.AreyougoingtothemeetingtShehatestobecheated.不定式被動語態(tài)作___語賓翻譯:它拒絕被吃掉_________________________Itrefusestobeeaten.Shehatestobecheated.不定式被動語常接不定式做賓語的動詞速記口訣：三個希望兩答應(yīng)：______________________________________

兩個要求莫拒絕：______________________________________設(shè)法學會做決定：____________________________________不要假裝在選擇：____________________________________hope,wish,want,agree,promisedemand,ask,refusemanage,learn,decidepretend,choose常接不定式做賓語的動詞速記口訣：hope,wish,wLookatthepictureandcompletethesentences:Thedishesneed___________________.

Themailneeds___________________.The

singer

refused________________.Thehouse__________________.tobewashedtobesenttobephotographed

tobesold(wash)(send)(photograph)(被要求sell)LookatthepictureandcompleAllthegiftsmustbesentimmediatelysoastobereceivedbeforeChristmas.不定式作______語目的狀Herushedhometobetoldhisparentshadpassedaway.不定式作______語結(jié)果狀To

bepraisedbytheteacher,thegirlworksveryhard不定式作______語原因狀Heistooyoungtobesenttoschool.不定式作______語結(jié)果狀A(yù)llthegiftsmustbesentimmDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmiredbyothers,especiallyJingXiang.不定式作___語,跟在_________________等詞之后表系動詞、感官動詞1.Theprojectis_____________(complete)bynextmonth.2.Thecleaningis__________(finish)byafternoon.3.Mydreamis_____________(admitted)tothePekingUniversity.tobecompletedtobefinishedtobeadmittedDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmirHeorderthebaggagetobebroughttohisroom.不定式作_________語賓語補足翻譯:1.老板要求郵件要在中午前發(fā).________________________________________________________________________2.我看著他被帶走。____________________________________Thebossdemandedtheemailtobesentbeforethisafternoon.Isawhimtobetakenaway.HeorderthebaggagetobebroThegirlaskedtobegivenanotherchancetotry.不定式被動語態(tài)作_______語復(fù)合謂翻譯:婦女希望被平等對待。________________________________Womenhopetobetreatedequally.Thegirlaskedtobegivenano1.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.2.Shepreferredto

havebeengiven

heavierworktodo.3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

不定式有時還可以有完成時的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。1.Itisagoodthingforhim4.Hethoughtitisanhonourto

havebeeninvitedtotheparty.

5.Thebookissaidto

havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

6.Shewasthefirstwomanto

havebeenelectedtosuchapost.

complexpredicate4.Hethoughtitisanhonour1.試比較。

1.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ihavealettertosend.2.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanylettertobesent.※當句子主語與邏輯主語為一致時，______用主動形式表被動；當句子主語與邏輯主語不一致時，_________用主動形式表被動可以不可以1.試比較?！斁渥又髡Z與邏輯主語為一致時，___1.Ihavealotofword______(say).2.---Secretary:Doyouhaveanyletter__________(type).---Boss:No,notyet.tosaytobetyped1.Ihavealotofword______2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetowaste.翻譯:沒有什么吃的。________________________________Thereisnothingtoeat.2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。翻譯:沒有什么吃的3.在“…be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。翻譯：爬墻很危險。____________________________e.g.Englishishardtolearn.Wallsaredangeroustoclimb.3.在“…be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用4.在“too…to…/enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.翻譯：她太小而不能被送去學校。____________________________Sheistooyoungtosendtoschool.4.在“too…to…/enough…to翻譯:許多工作要做,我無法去電影院。____________________________________________________________5.在“with+n.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withalotofworkstodo,Ican’tgotothecinema.翻譯:許多工作要做,我無法去電影院。5.在“with+一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________一般過去時：____________________一般將來時：__________________________________________過去將來時：_____________________現(xiàn)在進行時：______________________過去進行時：______________________現(xiàn)在完成時：______________________過去完成時：______________________將來完成時：______________________am/is/are+donewas/were+donewillbe/shallbe/+donebegoingtobe+donewouldbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+donehadbeen+donewill/shallbeen+done一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________am/1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybike______________bymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallet_________________.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.I_________towaithereforher.willberepairedhasbeenfoundwastoldPractice1.Myfatherwillrepairmybi4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurely__________bythepolice.5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.Mr.Green__________tomakeaspeech.bearrestedwasinvited4.Thepolicewillsurelyarre6.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’t__________outofthereading-room.betaken6.Youmustn’ttakethosebook一般式：被動式：完成被動式：主語賓語表語賓語補足語定語狀語tobedonetohavebeendonetodo可做什么成分？主語賓語表語賓補定語狀語一般式：被動式：主語tobedonetohavebe6.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式表被動.常用的動詞有

let(出租),rent,hire,blame等1.Welostthefootballgame.IfeltIwastoblame.

2.Thehouseistolet．翻譯:酒駕的司機為這起車禍負責。____________________________________________________________Thedrunkdriveristoblameforthisaccident6.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式表被動.常用的動詞有7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主語承受動詞發(fā)出的動作”，表示被動意義。sth.needdoing=needsthtobedonesth.wantdoing=wantsthtobedone_______________________________

翻譯:你頭發(fā)要去理一理了。____________________________________________________________Yourhairneedscuting/Yourhairneedstobecut.Mycarneedsrepairing.=_______________________Mycarneedstoberepaired.必須/需要做某事7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主語承受動8.某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動詞可以表示被動意義。smelltasteprove無被動，用主動表被動1.Thedishtastesdelicious.2.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.翻譯:這朵花很好聞。______________________________Thisflowersmellsgood.8.某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動smell無被動，用sells此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來;有銷路”的意思；作及物動詞為“賣;出售”。Thiskindofcloth___________.(耐洗)cookwashwritesellread+well（程度副詞）Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.washeswell翻譯:這支剛筆很好寫。______________________________Thispenwriteswell.sells此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來;有銷cookwbeg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit,become,contain,cost,fit,have,lack,suit,take等。ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostsmetendollars.9.某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。這類動詞有：翻譯:從坐飛機到上海要花半個小時。______________________________IttakeshalfanhourtoShanghaibyair.beg,equal,fail,hold,posses戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokeout.10.通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有。翻譯:昨晚發(fā)生了一場車禍。______________________________Antrafficaccidenthappened.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。10.通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態(tài)，不及1.Shehates

_______________(laughat)byherclassmates.2.Timrefused____________________(accompany)byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled___________________(understand)bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodtobelaughedat1.Shehates_______________4.Thesearetheissues______________(discuss)tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________(test)outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________(envy)byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussed4.Thesearetheissues______GooverthepassivevoiceGooverthepassivevoice一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________1)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

2)Iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday.3)ThebooksarewrittenbyLuXun.am/is/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時：____________________一般過去時：____________________Thesecomputers

weremade

inourowncountry.一般將來時：_____________________Shallwe

beaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?was/were+donewill/shallbe+done一般過去時：____________________was過去將來時：_____________________Thenews

wouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.wouldbe+given現(xiàn)在進行時：________________________

Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.am/is/arebeing+done過去將來時：_____________________wou過去進行時：________________________Thefeast

wasbeingprepared

whenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.現(xiàn)在完成時：________________________Greatprogress

hasalsobeenmade

incultureandeducation.was/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+done過去進行時：________________________過去完成時：_________________

Thehugebridge

hadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.將來完成時：_________________________Thebook

willhavebeenpublished

bytheendofnextmonth.hadbeen