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PresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

PresentPerfectContinuousTense

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)GrammarandUsageForm:have/has+donethePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PartA1.I_____

already____(see)thefilm.I_____(see)itlastweek.--____he_________(finish)hisworktoday?--Notyet.--____you_____(be)toHongKong?--Yes,I__________(be)theretwice.4._____theyoungwomanever_________(travel)toEngland?5.I_____just_____(lose)mysciencebook.haveseensawHasfinishedHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhavelostShanghai_____(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit__________(become)alargecity.7.I_____________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.8.SofarI___________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.9.--Howlong______theWangs______(stay)here?--Fortwoweeks.washasbecomehaveworkedmovedhavemadehavestayed

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的三種主要用法一、影響性用法(已完成用法)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,常和just,already,yet,now等連用。)(動(dòng)詞常為瞬間動(dòng)詞)

LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.(說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了)

2.I’vefinishedmyhomeworkalready.(說(shuō)明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了)

3.Ihavelostmypen.(說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的,現(xiàn)在我還沒(méi)找到這支筆)

4.Shehasbecomeateacher.(說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在仍是老師)

注意:already常用于肯定句(有時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句);

yet

常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的三種主要用法二、持續(xù)性用法(未完成用法)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(動(dòng)詞常為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)如:

since2daysago/1991,since,eversince(具體時(shí)間)

foralongtime/twodays,forages(一段時(shí)間)lately,oflate,recently,thesedays,

sofar(迄今為止),uptonow,till(until)now,

inthepastfewdays,duringthelasttwoweeks,today,thisweek(month),等Hehaslivedherefor30years.(現(xiàn)在還住在這兒)

2.They'veknowneachothersincechildhood.(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)往來(lái))

3.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?(現(xiàn)在仍在學(xué))

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的三種主要用法三、經(jīng)歷性用法表示過(guò)去至今的經(jīng)歷。一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”,常和 等連用。1.IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.

2.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.

Shehasneverdrivenacarbefore.4.Ihaveoncevisitedtheschool.never,ever,once,twice,threetimes,before,since

5.IhaveworkedheresinceImovedhere.

翻譯他已經(jīng)贏得了班上其他同學(xué)的尊重。

Hehasalreadyearnedrespectfromtheotherstudentsinhisclass.2.為了考試得到高分,在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里,他們做了很好的準(zhǔn)備。

Inordertoachievehighgradesintheexam,theyhavemadegoodpreparationsinthepasttwomonths.3.他剛從手術(shù)中恢復(fù),身體還很虛弱。

Hehasjustrecoveredfromthe

operation,andisstillweak.翻譯4.壞天氣已經(jīng)持續(xù)了兩周。

Thebadweatherhaslastedfortwoweeks.5.我以前從沒(méi)有在健身房鍛煉過(guò)。

Ihaveneverworkedoutinagymbefore.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

如:yesterday,

in

1990,

last

Sunday,

threeyearsago等。

Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.()2.Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.()3.IwenttoJapantwicelastyear.()4.IhavebeentoJapantwicelastyear.()

只要有具體的過(guò)去的時(shí)間就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?!痢獭獭僚袛嗾`:()Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.()Ireceivedthisletteramonthago.()Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforamonth.3.短暫行動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法二、短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中不能和表時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(在否定句中可以)

×√√

常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞:

come,go,leave,arrive,reach,begin,start,end,see,hear,marry,buy,borrow,close,lose,join,die,getup,become,fall,finish,join,gettoknow等。

和表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換(熟記)come

—behereleave/go

—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havefinish—beoverbegin—beondie

—bedeadgettoknow—knowarrive/getto/come/reach

—bein/atmarry/getmarried(to)—

bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep

beasleepjointheclub—beamemberoftheclub1.他入黨兩年了。

He

joinedthePartytwoyearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfortwoyears.—HehasbeenaPartymember

fortwoyears.—HehasbeenaPartymember

sincetwoyearsago.2.電影開始十分鐘了。

Thefilmbegantenminutesago.—Thefilmhasbeenon

fortenminutes.—Thefilmhasbeenon

sincetenminutesago.他的狗死了一個(gè)月了。

Hisdogdiedamonthago.—Hisdoghasbeendead

foramonth.—Hisdoghasbeendead

sinceamonthago.Themanhasleftthevillageforseveralyears.×√××√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。HehasmarriedAmyfortwoyears.HehasbeenmarriedtoAmyfortwoyears.他和艾米結(jié)婚兩年了。這個(gè)人離開村子已經(jīng)幾年了?!獭痢蘐hemanhasbeenawayfromthevillageforseveralyears.4.have/hasbeen(to)have/hasgone(to)have/hasbeen(to)

表示“去過(guò)某地”(現(xiàn)在不在那里了,已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)可與once,never,severaltimes等連用

1.TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.2.Wherehaveyoubeen?have/hasgone(to)

表示“去某地了”(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?,還沒(méi)回)

HehasgonetoBeijing.

5.常用固定句型1.Itis(hasbeen)+

一段時(shí)間+since+

一般過(guò)去時(shí).

他祖父去世已有三年了。

Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=Itistwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.=Ithasbeentwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.翻譯:自從我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)以來(lái)有六年了。Itis6yearssincewebegantostudyEnglish.注意:不能用sincewestudiedEnglish.5.常用固定句型2)

It/Thisisthefirst(second…)time+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

翻譯:1.這是他第一次參觀這家工廠。

2.這是我第二次讀這本書。1.Itisthefirsttimethathehasvisitedthisfactory.2.ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavereadthebook.5.常用固定句型3)

This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2.這是我吃過(guò)的最好吃的食物。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereaten.3.他是我知道的最好的人。。HeisthebestpersonthatIhaveknown.Form:have/hasbeendoing注意:不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)thePresentPerfectContinuousTense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PartB現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩種用法一、表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行,并可能繼續(xù)下去。

1.自上周星期日以來(lái)就一直在下雨。

IthasbeenrainingsincelastSunday.2.你看了一天電視了。

You’vebeenwatchingtelevisionallday.3.回家以來(lái)我就沒(méi)有好好睡過(guò)覺(jué)。

Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩種用法1.Sheisverytired.She’sbeentypinglettersallday.

她很累了,她整天都在打信件。

2.Hereyesarered.Shehasbeencrying.

她眼睛紅了。她一直在哭。

3.--SorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?--Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.

對(duì)不起我遲到了,你等了很久了嗎?是的,我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。

二、表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束,但和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系。(有時(shí)表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)得出的結(jié)論)Theboy__________________(eat)sincefiveminutesago.

hasbeeneatingTheboystartedeatingfiveminutesago.Heisstilleatingnow.Theman__________________(work)inthefieldforhalfanhour.

hasbeenworkingThemanstartedworkinginthefieldhalfanhourago.Heisstillworkingnow.1.雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)了。Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.2.--你身上怎么這么臟?

--我剛才踢足球了。--Whyareyousodirty?--I’vebeenplayingfootball.1.Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.

(尚未完工)

2.Theyhavewidenedtheroad.

(已完工了)

區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn),所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn),所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩。

比較1.Ihavebeenreadingthebook.(我一直在讀,未讀完)2.Ihavereadthebook.(讀完了)

1.Whathaveyoubeendoing?2.Whathaveyoudone?

3.Who’sbeeneatingmyapples?4.Who’seatenmyapples?

表示驚異只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿;兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思。只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題;完成時(shí)態(tài),說(shuō)明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。下面三種情況一般不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是ever,never,already,yet,once,twice…

由howmany,howmuch引出的疑問(wèn)句。如:Howmanypageshaveyouread?

Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?Ihavebeenhavingthebook.×3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(have,seem,believe,want,contain,include,seat)2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞,不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

如:finish,become。

Practice1.―Katedoesn’tlookverywell.What’swrongwithher?―Shehasaheadachebecauseshe___toolong;sheoughttostopwork.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.wasreading2.Thisisthefirsttimethestudents__toHydePark.A.havegoneB.havebeengoneC.havebeengoingD.arebeinggone3.She______hermother’swork

sinceshewasadmittedintohospital.A.isdoingB.hasbeendoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendone4.It___everydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainsC.hasrainedD.hasbeenrained()1.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he_________usmuchimpression.A.hadn’tleftB.didn’tleaveC.doesn’tleaveD.hasn’tleft

D()2.Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It___________onTValldaylong.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

A()3.--____LucyandPeter___married?A.Howlongwere,beingB.Howlong,haveC.Howlonghave,beenD.Howlongdid,get

C()4.--Howlong_________

atthejob?--Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeenemployed

B()5.IwonderwhyJenny______tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.Ahasn’twrittendoesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.

—Ithinkso.He___foritformonths.(08江蘇)A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseen D.haveseenDD3.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.(2007湖南)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying4.Danny______hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.(2007福建)A.works B.isworking C.hasworked D.hadworkedDC5.--Ihavegotaheadache.--Nowonder.You______infrontofthatcomputertoolong.(2007江西)A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworking D.worked6.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(07上海)A.hasfallen B.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfallingCA7.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(北京)A.hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC.considered D.isgoingtoconsider8.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江蘇)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shown B.Do;show C.Had;shown D.Did;showBA9.—Hi,Tracy,youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepaintedC現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,不能同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

1.Ihavereadthisnovel.

(我過(guò)去看過(guò),且現(xiàn)在了解這本書的內(nèi)容)

2.Mr.SmithhaslivedinChinasince2002.

(現(xiàn)在仍住在中國(guó))1.Ireadthatnovellastyear.(只說(shuō)明去年看了,不涉及現(xiàn)在記住否)2.Mr.SmithlivedinChinain1998.(現(xiàn)在還住在中國(guó)否不知道,只說(shuō)1998年住過(guò))一般過(guò)去時(shí):只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。它可和yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago等連用。僅談過(guò)去,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別IwillgivemyopinionwhenIhavereadthebookthrough.You’llgettolikethesubjectafteryouhavestudieditforsometime.注:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用于某些時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句表將來(lái),強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)之前。1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.(08江蘇)A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.(2008山東)A.walksB.walkedC.haswalked D.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseen D.haveseenDCD4.Cathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassat

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