高考完形填空解題技巧課件

英語(yǔ)完形填空技巧英語(yǔ)完形填空技巧1英語(yǔ)完形填空考查內(nèi)容從近幾年高考的完形填空來(lái)看，主要是從語(yǔ)義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配、慣用搭配及邏輯知識(shí)等方面來(lái)測(cè)試學(xué)生詞匯的掌握及運(yùn)用。而且有些詞的選擇，必須在理解整篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。英語(yǔ)完形填空考查內(nèi)容從近幾年高考的完形填空來(lái)看，主要是從語(yǔ)義2英語(yǔ)完形填空考查哪些能力?1

語(yǔ)篇理解2

邏輯推理，歸納概括3

情景運(yùn)用，常識(shí)應(yīng)用4

上下文聯(lián)系5

詞語(yǔ)辨析英語(yǔ)完形填空考查哪些能力?1語(yǔ)篇理解2邏輯推理，歸納概括3完形填空的解題技巧1）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境解題5）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景解題4）根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)固定搭配及辨析解題2）根據(jù)句段間的邏輯推理關(guān)系解題3)根據(jù)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)解題完形填空的解題技巧1）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境解題5）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文41）上下文語(yǔ)境把具體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)溶進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情景中去，考查考生通過(guò)上下文的前后提示或暗示，對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。這種考查方式所占的比例較大，且難度也大，若單純從句子或個(gè)別段落來(lái)分析，或許所給的四個(gè)答案在語(yǔ)法和結(jié)構(gòu)上都是正確的，若放在全局，則不一定正確。因此，快速瀏覽全文，領(lǐng)悟文章主旨，通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇答案是解決這類題的關(guān)鍵。1）上下文語(yǔ)境把具體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)溶進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情景中去，考查考5例1：

Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas

1

andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad

2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.

1.A.helpless

B.lazy

C.anxious

D.tired

2.A.took

B.minded

C.missed

D.picked

例1：Iclimbedthestairsslowl6例2:

ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith

1

,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,〝Lookat

2

﹗They‘realloutof

stepexceptmyJohn﹗Isn’thethebest﹗〞

1.A.sadness

B.happiness

C.surprise

D.regret

2.A.them

B.her

C.that

D.him

例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfil72）句際間的邏輯推理關(guān)系完形填空中的任何一句話往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下作依托，看前因后果才能確立的。它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。

2）句際間的邏輯推理關(guān)系完形填空中的任何一句話往往都不是孤立8例1：

IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,______Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.and B.for C.but D.as例2：

Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry…48,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.48.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes例1：Ithasbeenmanyyearssi9例3…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange38quitepleasanttaste.

38.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or例4：

Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.53,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.53.A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore例3…andtheofficersthenbega103)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)“詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞以原詞、同義詞或近義詞、概括詞以及其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇之中。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)用意義是使得語(yǔ)篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整和有機(jī)的意義整體。大體上說(shuō)，詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)包括：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。3)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)“詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞以原詞、同義詞或近義詞11例1：

Thestrangethingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor___class.A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied文章中or連接的是并列成分，所以空格中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與上文wenttoclass構(gòu)成相反的意義，該題屬于反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。例1：Thestrangethingwasthat12例2：

Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(琺瑯）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt__________例2：Howdoesatoothgobad?T134)詞語(yǔ)固定搭配及辨析

完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩個(gè)方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語(yǔ)中某些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，不能隨意變動(dòng)。所以，考生應(yīng)掌握習(xí)慣用法，用它來(lái)分析破解完形填空題或許可算得上是一件秘密武器。詞義辨析題的比重有加大的趨勢(shì)。要做好這類題目，非得有較大的詞匯量、較強(qiáng)的詞語(yǔ)搭配能力。4)詞語(yǔ)固定搭配及辨析完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查主14例1：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen’talways1inmedalsandvictories,butinthe2weovercome.1.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased2.A.sadnessB.strugglesC.diseasesD.tiredness例1：Irealizedstrengthandcou15例2:

TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly1methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn’tlong2thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed2.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now例2:TheotherdayIwa165)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)完形填空題以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語(yǔ)篇信息，其間無(wú)不滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識(shí)與知識(shí)。考生做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順理成章地選出正確的答案。因此，這就要求考生平時(shí)注意知識(shí)的積累，并加強(qiáng)不同學(xué)科間的知識(shí)融合，有意識(shí)地了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化背景知識(shí)，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)試將大有幫助。5)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)完形填空題以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語(yǔ)17例1：…,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:00.On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy

例2：

Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest例1：…,shewasalwayswaitinga18例3：..Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54withafriendandcloserelatives.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56.54.A.mindB.memoryC.mannerD.temper55.A.angerB.interestC.loveD.respect56.A.strangersB.friendsC.relativesD.colleagues在日常生活中人們通常會(huì)對(duì)親戚朋友或者自己發(fā)脾氣，但卻不在陌生人身上。加上more…than…的句型，則可以判斷出答案了。例3：..Onethingwealldonow19

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練做題三忌：急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題，不了解文意，無(wú)整體概念邊讀邊填，兩眼忙于空白與選項(xiàng)之間，欲速則不達(dá)。只摳字眼，語(yǔ)法，不顧文意，抓不住關(guān)鍵。斷章取義，就題論題，不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應(yīng)，前后矛盾。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練做題三忌：20

Aredreamsofanyusetothedreamerortoanybodyelse?Wemayrememberthetravelerwho__1_______theshipWaratahatDurbanbecauseofhisterrible_2_______.TheWaratahlaterdisappearedentirely,witheveryoneon_3________.Thetraveler’sdreamshelpedhimandsavedhimfrom_4__________,buttheydidn’thelptheotherpeople.Whywasthismantreated_5___________fromeveryoneelse?1.A.left B.gotC.drove D.enter2.A.ideas B.suggestionsC.dreams D.words3.A.board B.shipC.sea D.deck4.A.life B.deathC.illness D.disease5.A.similarlyB.differentlyC.strangelyD.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreamsAredreamsofanyuseto121Anotherman_6_____hadadreamabouttheBlackForestinGermany.Inhisdreamhewaswalkingintheforest_7______twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimtothe_8_______.Heranoffasfastashecould,buttheyfollowed.Hereachedaplace_9_____hesawtwo_10________roadsinfrontofhim,onetotherightandtheothertotheleft.Whichroadoughthetotake?6.A.alone B.onceC.still D.even7.A.while B.asC.before D.when8.A.floor B.earthC.soil D.ground9.A.which B.thatC.where D.who10.A.same B.separateC.divided D.crossed句型separatewheregroundwhenonceAnotherman_6_____had22Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthathasdesignedforthe3children.A.principleB.theory C.arguments D.classification2.A.designing B.grouping C.learningD.living3.A.smart B.curious C.mature D.averageCCDIthasbeenarguedby23Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.4.A.regularB.specialC.small D.creative5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduates D.designsBATherecanbelittledoubtthat24Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachers’directions.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.6.A.intelligentB.competent C.ordinary D.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.new D.boring8.A.specially B.slightly C.wrongly D.heavily9.A,directlyB.cleverly C.voluntarily D.quicklyABDCIobservedanumberof6c25Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis