2023屆上海市高考英語模擬試卷(iRead23007)

試卷編號：230072022-2023學(xué)年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海英語模擬試卷Listeningcomprehension略GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BeAloneTogetherAmongthemostupsettingaspectsofthelockdownsthatoccurredin2020duetothepandemic,especiallyforthosewholiveindensecities,wastheclosureofmanypublicparksandgreenspaces.Astheorderswentout,peoplewerewarnedthat(21)theyshouldtryto“walkaround,getsomesun：therecouldbe“nodensity,nobasketballgames,noclosecontact,that'stherule.”Themessagewasclear:Stayawayfrom(22).InWashington,D.C.,whereIlive,roadaccesswasblockedtotheTidalBasininlateMarch,asthecity'sfamouscherryblossomsreachedthepeakoftheirannualbloom.TheNationalArboretumwasclosed,andallthefacilitiesthatthecityparksdepartmentoversaw(23)(remain)closed.Officially,naturewasmoreorlessoff-limitsJustasspringarrived.Yetastheweatherwarmed,andthelightstayedlaterandlaterintotheevening,peopleemergedfromtheirhomes.Thestreets,mostlyemptiedofvehicletraffic,createdspaceforrunners,allowingthem(24)(leave)thesidewalksforfamiliesanddogwalkers.Inmyneighborhood,asmallprivatepark,(25)(locate)behindablockofhouses,becameaplacetostretchoutandreadabookunderthesun.(26)thevirus,Ididn'tgototheparkveryoften.Butthen,Ifoundmyself(27)(visit)morefrequently,sometimesinthemiddleoftheday.Andso,Inoticed,weremyneighbors.Peoplesatinthegrass,walkedtheirdogs,andplayedcatchwiththeirkids.Theparkneverbecamegenuinelycrowded,butitwasalwayspopulated,andinityoucouldseeotherpeopleand,parkonasunnyafternoonhadbecome(29)weallregardedasnecessary.Wewereallaloneinthisstrangetime,thisfamiliaryetdeeplyforeignplace(30)everyonewastoldtostayapart.Butatleastwehadfoundawaytobealonetogether.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.capableB.controllableC.faintD.idealE.landscapeF.outpacingG.perceiveH.physicalLpromiseJ.scrubK.supportingYou'llNeverBeTrulyAloneInthedecadestocome,alargenumberofhomerobotscouldmaketoday5sappliancesseeminteresting.Themarketforconsumerandofficerobotsisexpectedtodevelopquicklyinthenextthreeyears,accordingtoa2015reportbyBusinessInsiderIntelligence,beinggreaterthan$1.5billionandfar31thegrowthofrobotsinmanufacturing.Wealreadyhaverobotsthatcleanthehouse,liketheRoomba,butinthefuturewe'llalsohaverobotarmsthatcan32surfacesandbathepeople,saysChristopherAtkeson,aroboticistatCarnegieMellon,whoselabhasproducedsuchmachines.Eventually,robotswillfoldlaundryandcookmeals.Andiftheyworkwell,youwon'tevennoticethem.Thekeytoeffectiverobotsis3334peopleorstayingoutofThatsaid,somepeoplemaywantarobotthathangsaround.InJapan,afriendlyhumanoidrobotcalledPepperthatcan35andrespondtohumanemotionhasprovedenormouslypopularsinceitwentonsaletwoyearsago.Peppermightturnouttobethe36roommate—helpful,kind,andalwaysupforhangingout,butneverintheway.Perhapsthealready37linebetweenonlineandofflinelifewilldisappear,andhumanrelationshipswithintelligentmachineswillrepresentanewextensionofoursocial38.Yourin-houserobotcouldserveasanavatar（化身）forfriendsandfamily,39fromafarsothat,withthehelpofroboticarmsandlegs,youcoulddancewithorhugalovedonewhoishalfwayaroundtheplanet.Thereal40of—orproblemwith—thehouseofthefuture,then,mightbethatyou'llneverhavetoleaveit.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.OnceuponatimetherelivedinGermanytwobrotherswholovedagoodstory--onewithmagicanddanger,royaltyandvillains（惡棍）.Atschooltheymetawisemanwholedthemtoatreasure—alibraryofoldbookswithtalesmoreappealingthananytheyhadeverheard.41thebrothersbegancollectingtheirownstories,listeningtothefolktalespeopletoldthem.Soonthey42theirowntreasure一abookoffairytalesthatwouldcharmmillionsinfarawaylandsforgenerationstocome.ThebrotherGrimm,JacobandWihelm,namedtheirstorycollectionChildren'sandHouseholdTalesandpublisheditinGermanyin1812.Thecollection,whichhasbeentranslatedintomorethan160languagesisapublishing43.Thestoriesandtheircharactershaveappearedintheater,opera,comicbooks,movies,paintings,rockmusic,advertising,andevenfashion.Such44wouldhaveshockedthehumbleGrimms.Duringtheirlifetimes,thebooksoldfewcopiesinGermany.Theearlyeditionswerenoteven45children.Theyhadnoillustrations,andscholarlyfootnotestookupalmostasmuchspaceasthetalesthemselves.JacobandWihelmGrimmviewedthemselvesas46studentsoffolklore.TheybegantheirworkatatimewhenGermanyhadbeenoccupiedbytheFrenchunderNapolean.Asyoungscholars,thebrothersGrimmsbeganworkonthefairytalecollectioninordertosavetheendangeredoralstorytellingtraditionofGermanyLongbeforetheGrimms'time,47developedininns,barns,andpeasanthomes.Duringwinternights,astheysatspinningwood,womenkepteachothercompanyandentertainedeachotherwithtalesofadventure,romance,andmagic.48,40suchstorytellersdeliveredtalestotheGrimms,manyofthemcomingtotheirhouseinKassel.Althoughthebrothersimpliedthattheywerejust49thetales,Wilhelmpolishedandreshapedthemuptothefinaleditionof1857.Inanefforttomakethemmore50tochildrenandtheirparents,hestressedthemoralofeachtale,andemphasizedgenderroles.AccordingtotheGrimms,thecollectionservedasmanualof51.Tothisday,parentsreadthemtotheirchildrenbecausetheyapproveofthelessonsinthestories:keepyourpromises,don'ttalktostrangers,workhard,obeyyourparents.Sowhat52theirpopularity?Somehavesuggesteditisbecausethecharactersarealwaysstrivingforhappiness.Butthetruthprobablyliesintheir53.TheGrimm'staleswerebornoutofastorytellingtraditionwithout54ofageorculture.Thebrother'sskillwastotranslatetheseintoauniversalstyleofwritingthatseemstomirrorwhatevermoodsorinterestswebringtoour55ofthem.AndsoitwasthattheGrimm'sfairytaleslivedhappilyeverafter.41.A.InspiredB.DisappointedC.DiscouragedD.Relieved42.A.estimatedB.producedCsacrificedD.stocked43.A.mediumB.partnershipC.findingD.phenomenon44.A.qualityB.wealthC.fameD.perspective45.A.markedasB.robbedofC.aimedatD.preventedfrom46.A.intelligentB.hardworkingC.peculiarD.patriotic47.A.collectionB.storytellingC.entertainmentD.literacy48.A.BesidesB.AltogetherC.HoweverD.Similarly49.A.creatingB.developingC.reviewingD.recording50.A.accustomedB.acceptableC.cruelD.compared51.A.mannersB.parentshipC.publishingD.adaptation52.A.resultsfromB.dependsonC.accountsforD.respondsto53.A.appealB.flexibilityC.availabilityD.origin54.A.boundariesB.influencesC.indicationsD.distributions55.A.writingB.sharingC.readingD.beginningSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)There'sadreamyatmospheretoAdjuntas,acoffeetownintheValleyoftheSleepingGianthighinthemountainsofPuertoRico.Apassionforthelandanditscustomsrunsthroughthisplace,wherepeoplesaytheirfamilieshavelived“sinceforever^andformalgoodmannersruledailylife.Yousmellitinthesurroundingstreets,wherefoodiscookedatroadsidebarbecues.Youseeitinthegracefulhorsesparadedthroughtownonholidays,andyoufeelitinthelarge,elegantsquare,withitsfountainsandstonebenches.Severaldecadesago,thisloveofthelandmotivatedthelocalpeopletoopposeamassiveminingoperation.ThemountainssurroundingAdjuntasarerichwithgold,silver,copper,andzincandthePuertoRicangovernmenthadreservedabout30squaremilesformineralexploitation.Peoplefoughttoprotectthelanddespitethepromiseofjobsandmoney.TheyweresavedbygrowingcoffeeandsellingitthroughoutPuertoRico.Theprofitshelpedthegrouppersuadethegovernmenttotransformtheminingzoneintoanationalpark,ElBosquedelPueblo,whichisnowprotectedbylaw.Openedin1998,theparkrunsareforestationprogramallowingyoungandoldtoplanttreeswherelandhasbeenexcavated(挖掘 agetheforest,”saidTintiDeya,alocalresident.ccWe5relikechildrendoingeverythingforthefirsttime,GrandmothersareeverywhereinAdjuntasandthey'reallrespectfullyaddressedasDofia.LalaEchevarria,an85-year-oldgreat-great-grandmother,wasbornontheoldeststreetintown,whereshestilllivesinasmallhome.Shegrewupbeforeelectricityandrunningwater,andrememberswhenthefirstcararrivedinAdjuntas.achild,Iusedtospendallmytimecarryingwater,findingfirewood,lookingourclothesintheriverandweusedtocookonanopenfire.Atmealtimes,wekidswouldsitonthefloortoeat”Dof!aLalawasworkingasamaidwhenshemetandmarriedtheloveofherlife,Marianothemechanic.Theyhadthirteenchildrenandshared44yearsbeforehediedin1983.Sheshowsmethedozensofphotographsoffourgenerationsofdescendantsthatnowfillhertinyhome.56.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAdjuntasfromthefirstparagraph?Thepeopletherehaveadeeploveofit.Itistheveryplacewherecoffeeoriginated.Thestreetsarelitteredwithfoodwaste.Thetownissurroundedbybarbecuesite.Theprofits^(inparagraph3)refertothemoneymadefrom.protectingtheland B.miningvaluablemetalC.growingandsellingcoffeeD.transformingtheminingzoneWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthereforestationprogram?Grandmothersplayavitalroleinit.Anyonecanplanttreesintheminingzone.Itdidlittletohelpthebuildingofthenationalpark.Itwaslaunchedtoprotestagainsttheminingoperation.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?Respectforgrandmothers.B.Alocalwoman'slifestory.C.MajorchangesinAdjuntas.D.Dofias'opinionofthetown.(B)ExperimentwithOurFoodWanttocookupadeliciousmeal?It'snotjustaboutthefood.WechattopsychologistProf.CharlesSpenceaboutthestrangescienceofgastrophysics.Whatexactlyis'astFophysics'?美食學(xué)thescientificstudyofhowourexperienceoffoodanddrinkisaffectedbyoursensesandoursurroundings,notjustthefooditself.It'sasmallbutgrowingareaofresearchwhichbringstogetherpsychologists,neuroscientists,marketeers,chefs,productdesigners,andevenmusicians.Sowhatkindsofthingscanaffectourse^seoftaste?Prettymucheverything!Fromthecolourandshapeoftheplatestotheweightandmaterialofthecutlery(餐具)，throughtotheshapeofthetableandthefeelofthechairyou'resittingon.Thenthere'sthenumberofpeopleyou'rewith,themoodyou'rein,thelightingandbackgroundmusicintherestaurant,andmemoriesassociatedwiththefood.Whenyouputallthesefactorstogether,itaddsupalot.What'sthemostsurprisingwayinwhichourtastecanbeinfluenced?whichusessoundstochangethetasteoffood.Youcanaddasmuchas15percentextrasweetness,sourness,orbitternesstoafoodsimplybyplayingtherightsortofmusic.We'vecreatedmusictoenhancesweetnessandbitterness,andwealsohavemusicforsour,andspicyfoods.WorkingwiththeMichelin-starredchocolatierDominiquePersooneinBelgium,weevenshowedthatifweplayed musicinhisstoreswecouldaddextracreaminesstohischocolate.Neuroscientistshavefounddirectconnectionsinthemousebrainbetweenthesensesofsmellandsound,soitmightbethatthisoccursinhumanstoo.Sonicseasoningisalreadybeingusedtoenhancemealsinfancyrestaurants,butwecouldalsoseeitbeingusedtobenefithealthby,forexample,playing'sweet'musicsothatwe'rehappywithlesssugarinourfood.What'sthemostinnovativeuseofgastrophysicsyou^veseen?There'salothappeningintheworldofcutlerydesign.HestonBlumenthal'srestaurantTheFatDuckiscurrentlyservingadishcalledCountingSheep,whichcomeswithafluffy(毛茸茸的)，weightedspoonthatsmellsofbabypowder,designedtoenhancetheeatingexperience.We'vefoundthatfoodtendstotastebetterwithheaviercutlery~possiblybecauseweassociateweightwithquality.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofgastrophysics?Itcoversdifferentsubjects.B.Itneglectsfoodtosomeextent.C.Ithasbeeninexistenceforlong.D.Itiscreatedbyapsychophysicist.AccordingtoCharlesSpence,howcansonicseasoningbeusedtodogoodtoourhealth?Helpingustobemoreresistanttothetemptationtoeatunhealthyfood.Playingsomemusictomakeusfeelourfoodissweeterthanitreallyis.Makingexperimentswithmicetofindoutwhatfoodbenefitsourhealth.Traininghumanbrainstoassociatecertainsoundswithaparticularflavour.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratestheuseofgastrophysics?Arestauranthiresapsychologisttodesignitslayout.Arestaurantvariesthesweetnessofitsfood.Arestaurantusesheavierplatestoservefood.Arestaurantasksitscustomersforsuggestions.(C)Theoceanbottom—aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarth—isavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted.Untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,6000metersdeep.TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth'ssurface,thedeep-oceanbottomisanunfriendlyenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasouterspace.Althoughresearchershavetakensamplesofdeep-oceanrocksandsediments（沉淀物）foroveracentury,thefirstdetailedglobalinvestigationoftheoceanbottomdidnotactuallystartuntil1968,withthebeginningoftheNationalScienceFoundation'sDeepSeaDrillingProject（DSDP）.Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP'sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean'ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,gettingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.TheGlomarChallengercompleted96voyagesina15-yearresearchprogramthatendedinNovember1983.Duringthistime,theshiplogged600,000kilometersandtookalmost20,000coresamplesofseabedsedimentsandrocksat624drillingsitesaroundtheworld.TheGlomarChallenger'scoresampleshaveallowedgeologiststoreconstructwhattheplanetlookedlikehundredsofmillionsofyearsagoandtocalculatewhatitwillprobablylooklikemillionsofyearsinthefuture.Today5largelyonthestrengthofevidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoyages,nearlyallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonics（構(gòu)造學(xué)）andcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.ThecoresofsedimentdrilledbytheGlomarChallengerhavealsoproducedinformationcriticaltounderstandingtheworld'spastclimates.Deep-oceansedimentsprovideaclimaticrecordstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears,becausetheyarelargelyisolatedfromthemechanicalerosion（腐蝕）andtheintensechemicalandbiologicalactivitythatrapidlydestroymuchland-basedevidenceofpastclimates.Thisrecordhasalreadyprovidedinsightsintothepatternsandcausesofpastclimaticchange—informationthatmaybeusedtopredictfutureclimates.Theauthorreferstotheoceanbottomasa inthefirstparagraphbecause.itisnotapopularareaforscientificresearchitcontainsawidevarietyoflifeformsitattractscourageousexplorersitisanunknownterritoryWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheGlomarChallenger?Itisanongoingproject.Itisatypeofsubmarine.Ithasgoneonover100voyages.ItmadeitsfirstDSDPvoyagein1968.65.InwhatwaywastheDeepSeaDrillingProjectsignificant?Itwasanattempttofindnewsourcesofoilandgas.Itwasthefirstextensiveexplorationoftheoceanbottom.Itwascomposedofgeologistsfromallovertheworld.Itwasfundedentirelybythegasandoilindustry.66.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasbeingaresultoftheDeepSeaDrillingProject?Geologistsobservedformsofmarinelifeneverbeforeseen.GeologistswereabletopredicttheEarth'sfutureappearance.Twogeologicaltheoriesbecamemorewidelyacceptedbyscientists.InformationwasrevealedaboutthedisastersthathadhappenedontheEarth.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Holdontothehopeofthelifeyoumightstillleadwhenallofthisisfinallyover.Ifyou'vefoundyourselfwearingthesameT-shirtwithoutcomplaintforthelasteightmonths,maybeit'struethatlesscanindeedbemore.Themereprocessofbrowsingisoftenenoughtosatisfyyoulikeanactualspend.Thisisn'talwaysabadthing.ThoughIfindmyselfpickingthesamefamiliarfavouritesfromtheirhangerseachday,Iliketohavechoice.Whynotthinktwicebeforesendingyourunlovedclothesofftoenjoyanewlife?AMaximalistCaseforaClearOutathomeonourhandsthanever,aglobalpandemic（疫情）hasreallyhighlightedthethingsinlifethatdoanddon'trelatetojo—oneofthembeingourwardrobes衣櫥）.I'msureI'mnotalonewhenIsaythatoverthepastfewmonths,theonlyclothingIhavereallyreachedforhasbeenofthemismatched,stretch-cottonvariety,wornandre-worn.67Inthefaceoffastfashionandalarminglandfillrates,weshouldbeproudofgivingourclothingalongandappreciativelife.Butthereneedstobeaplaceforjoytoo.Thepartydressthatfeelsasfunasitlooks,andthetinyimpracticalhandbagthatonlysurviveseachclear-outbecauseofoldmemorieswovenintoit...doespracticalityalwayshavetowinoutoverjoy?Assomebodywhooftenstrugglestoletsentimental（感性的）thingsgo,theminimalist“capsulewardrobe”isonethatalwaysgivesmeabitofaheadache.WhatifgettingridofthatcardiganisassociatedwithforgettingtheamazingnewsIreceivedwhileIwaswearingit?Whatifthoseshoesaretheperfectfitformystillone-year-olddaughter?Itcanbedifficulttoknowwheretolimittheexhibitsofyourownlife'smuseum,ortopredictwhichitemswillTheanswertomostofthesethings,I'vefound,istheonlinesecond-handshop.Butifyoudofindyourselfneedinganythingnew,second-handshoppingcanbeanaffordablewaytobuybetterqualityonceinsteadofcheaponrepeat.Butbeforeyoudoawaywithyourwardrobeentirelyit'simportanttorememberthefashionablepersonyouwerebeforethepandemic,andcanbeagain.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOrganicFoodtheBest?Areorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoodsoverconventionally（傳統(tǒng)方式地）grownandmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.Advocatesoforganicfoods——atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly一frequentlyclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.Thegrowinginterestofconsumersinthesafetyandmorenutritionalqualityofthedietisawelcomedevelopment.However,muchofthisinteresthasbeenmotivatedbysweepingclaimsthatthefoodsupplyisnotsafeoradequateinmeetingnutritionalneeds.Althoughmostoftheseclaimsarenotsupportedbyscientificevidence,thelargeamountofwrittenmaterialadvancingsuchclaimsmakesitdifficultforthegeneralpublictoseparatefactfromfiction.Asaresult,claimsthateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore.Almostdailythepublicissurroundedbyclaimsfor“no-aging”diets,newvitamins,andotherwonderfoods.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsar