大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖課件

TheTelencephalon山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華TheTelencephalon山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室1ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferiorExternalfeatureThetelencepha2Threeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央溝Lateralsulcus外側(cè)溝Parietooccipitalsulcus頂枕溝CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcusThreeprincipalsulciCentral3

Fivelobes

Frontallobe額葉Parietallobe頂葉Temporallobe顳葉Occipitallobe枕葉Insularlobe島葉FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobeFivelobesFrontallobePariet4SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前溝Superiorfrontalsulcus額上溝Inferiorfrontalsulcus額下溝Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus額上回Middlefrontalgyrus額中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus額下回SulciandgyriofSuperolatera5SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

SulciandgyriofSuperolatera6Parietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后溝

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus頂內(nèi)溝

Superiorparietallobule頂上小葉

Inferiorparietallobule頂下小葉

Supramarginalgyrus緣上回

Angulargyrus角回Parietallobe:7SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

IntraparietalsulcusSulciandgyriofSuperolatera8Temporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus顳上溝Inferiortemporalsulcus顳下溝Superiortemporalgyrus顳上回

Middletemporalgyrus顳中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus顳下回

Transversetemporalgyri顳橫回Temporallobe:9SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

SulciandgyriofSuperolatera10TransversetemporalgyriTransversetemporalgyri11SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

SulciandgyriofSuperolatera12Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝體

Callosalsulcus胼胝體溝

Cingulatesulcus扣帶溝Cingulategyrus扣帶回Marginalramus緣支Paracentrallobule中央旁小葉Calcarinesulcus距狀溝Cuneus楔葉

Lingualgyrus舌回Sulciandgyriofmedialsurfa13Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrusSulciandgyriofmedialsurfa14Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿質(zhì)

Collateralsulcus側(cè)副溝

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕顳溝

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳外側(cè)回

Hippocampalsulcus海馬溝

Parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回Uncus鉤

Hippocampus海馬Dentategyrus齒狀回

Hippocampalformation

海馬結(jié)構(gòu)Sulciandgyriofinferiorsur15InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb16HippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

HippocampusDentategyrusHippo17HistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮質(zhì)

(hippocampalformation海馬結(jié)構(gòu))

Paleocortex古皮質(zhì)(rhinencephalon嗅腦)Neocortex新皮質(zhì)(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayersHistologyofthecerebralcort18大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖ppt課件19FunctionallocationofcerebralcortexFunctionallocationofcerebra20Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區(qū)Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobuleFirstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運21Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動區(qū)Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovementsFirstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運動22Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區(qū)Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobuleFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體23Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺區(qū)CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbodyFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀24Auditoryarea聽區(qū)LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothearsAuditoryarea聽區(qū)Locatedintra25Visualarea視區(qū)LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefectionsVisualarea視區(qū)Lieoneithersi26Vestibulararea平衡覺區(qū):locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅覺區(qū):locatedneartheuncusTastearea味覺區(qū):locatedatfrontaloperculumVestibulararea平衡覺區(qū):locatedi27Languagearea語言中樞Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

運動性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

書寫中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

聽覺性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

視覺性語言中樞LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexiaLanguagearea語言中樞Itisdomina28Lateralventricle

側(cè)腦室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructuresLateralventricle側(cè)腦室Internal29Communicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricleCommunication30Basalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum紋狀體Lentiformnucleus豆?fàn)詈?/p>

Caudatenucleus尾狀核Claustrum屏狀核Amygdaloidbody杏仁體Globuspallidus蒼白球putamen殼Neostriatum新紋狀體－paleostriatum舊紋狀體Basalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatu31大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖ppt課件32WhitematterAssociationfibers

聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大腦弓狀纖維Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上縱束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下縱束Uncinatefasciculus鉤束Cingulum扣帶WhitematterAssociationfibers33Commissuralfibers連合纖維－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝體:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前連合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆連合Commissuralfibers連合纖維34Projectionfibers投射纖維:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleusProjectionfibers投射纖維:connect35大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖ppt課件36ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiatio