詞匯學-Chapter-6-English-Id教學講解課件

Chapter6EnglishIdiomsChapter6EnglishIdiomsDefinitionofIdioms

Anelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.Afixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.AnEnglishidiomisagroupofwordswithaspecialmeaningdifferentfromthemeaningofitsconstituentwords.Acombinationoftwoormorewordswhichareusuallystructurallyfixedandsemanticallyopaque,andfunctionasasingleunitofmeaning.Example:tospillthebeans–totellsomethingthatissecretDefinitionofIdiomsAnelemenSignificanceofStudyingEnglishIdiomsAnessentialpartofthegeneralvocabularyinformal&formal;speaking&writingThecorrectuseofidiomaticEnglishmustbeoneofthemainaimsfornonnativelearners,becauselearningandusingidiomsisthebestwaytomasterthelanguage.SignificanceofStudyingEngliFeaturesofEnglishIdiomsEnglishidiomscanbeveryshortorratherlonganIndiansummer:thewarmerweatherinlateautumn(NorthAmerica)take/catchfortywinks:haveashortnaptobeallin:tobeexhaustedAllgoodthingscometoanend.tobelikeabearwithasoreheadinaverybadmoodtocutone’scoataccordingtoone’sclothtoplanone’saimsandactivitiesinlinewithone’srecoursesandcircumstancesFeaturesofEnglishIdiomsEnglEnglishidiomstakedifferentstructures.A:Irregularinstructure&clearinmeaningIamgoodfriendswithhim.Diamondcutdiamond.Thedeviltakethehindmost.B:Regularinstructure¬clearinmeaningTohaveabeeinone’sbonnet/head.Tohaveastrangefixedideaaboutsth.C:Irregularinbothstructureandmeaning(Todo)throughthickandthinThroughbothgoodandbadtimes/inspiteofallthedifficulties

EnglishidiomstakedifferentTheidiomswhichcannotbechangedatallarecalledfixedidioms.Strictlyfixed:Astitchintimesavesnine.ifajobneedsdoingitisbettertodoitnow,becauseitwillonlygetworse,likeaholeinclothesthatrequiresstitching.Partiallyfixed:Tocometoabad/nasty/sticky/nogood/untimelyendTotake/have/enjoy/catchfortywinksTheidiomswhichcannotbechaAnEnglishidiomhasaspecialmeaning.ToraincatsanddogsrainveryhardEnglishidiomsarenotonlyusedascolloquialexpressionsbutcanalsofoundinformalsituations,poetryorfiction,orinslangs.Manyidiomscanbeusedinanysituation.AnEnglishidiomhasaspecialSomeidiomsconsistofobsoletewords.forthesakeof:forthegoodoradvantageofhitherandthither:inalldirectionshueandcry:angryprotestsaboutsomething,usuallyfromagroupofpeoplekithandkin:friendsandrelationstoandfro:backwardsandforwardstobehoistwithone’sownpetard:madetosuffersomeevilplanwithwhichonehadintendedtoharmotherstolearnbyrote:tolearnbyheartwithmightandmain:withalltheforceSomeidiomsconsistofobsoletEnglishidiomsrepresentasemanticunit,thoughtheycontainagroupofwords.makeupone’smind =decidetobringup =toeducatetogoon =tocontinuetolookdownon =todespisetolookforwardto =toexpecttolookinto =toinvestigatetopayavisit =tovisitEnglishidiomsrepresentasemEnglishidiomsareusuallymadeofcommonly-usedwords.Theyarevividinusage,briefinstructureandprofoundinmeaning.oneinabluemoononceinaverylongtime;veryrarely;almostnevertocometruetohappenjustasonewished,expected,dreamt,etc.tocryforthemoontodesirestronglysth.thatcannotbegainedtoflyhightobeambitioustoputthecartbeforethehorsetodothingsinthewrongorderEnglishidiomsareusuallymadEnglishidiomsareoftencreatedonthebasisofalliteration,rhyme,euphonyandrepetitionAlliteration(頭韻)blackandblue;firstandforemost;partandparcel;timeandtidewaitfornoman;tobuyinbulk;withmightandmain;Rhyme(押韻)dineandwine;hereandthere;outandabout;roughandtough;wearandtearRepetitionagainandagain;byandby;littlebylittle;outandout;overandover(again);throughandthroughEuphonic(悅耳)Firstcome,firstserved;tobeupanddoingEnglishidiomsareoftencreatEnglishIdiomsinDifferentStylescolloquialneutralformalslangyEnglishIdiomsinDifferentStColloquialinstyle:toservesomeonerighttobeagoodpunishmentforsomeonenobutsaboutitnodoubtaboutittofallouttoquarreltowantsomedoingtoneedagreatdealofeffortingoodwithenjoyingthefavororgoodopinionofColloquialinstyle:Idiomsusedinanysituation:topassovertofailtodealwith;totrynottomentionsomethingtolay(sth.)uptocollectandstoreforfutureusetogoalongtoagreewithtoholduptodelaytomakeshortworkoftofinishquicklyandeasilyIdiomsusedinanysituation:Idiomsusedinformalsituations:priorto:beforepreviousto:beforetogivecountenancetosth.:tosupportwiththeresultthat:sothatasaresultof:becauseofbebereftof:completelywithoutbepossessedof:inastateofhavingIdiomsusedinformalsituatioIdiomsusedasslang:toputthescrewonsomeonetoforcesomeonetodoasonewishestopushoff(usedesp.ingivinganorder)togoawaytocutandruntoescapebyrunningtobutteruptoflattersomeonetohighonthehogwellandrichlyIdiomsusedasslang:TheDifferenceBetweenIdiomaticandFreePhrasesIdiomaticphrases:(opaque)withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromthecombinationofactualwordsused.bluebook–officialreportcoldcomfort–poorconsolationFreephrases:.(transparent)ThemeaningcanbeguessedfromtheircomponentsblueskycoldwinterTheDifferenceBetweenIdiomatPhrasalverbs:(LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalverbs)canbebothfreephrasesandidiomaticphrases.Verb+adverbPleasetakethechildrenin;it’sgettingcoldouthere.Wereyoureallytaken

in(=deceived)byanoldtricklikethat?Verb+prepositionThequickestwaytogo

aboutthecityisbyundergroundtrain.Howdoyougo

about(=started)buildingaboat?Verb+adverb+prepositionYoucanputtheshelfup

withahammerandnails.Ican’tput

up

with(=bearorsuffer)him;he’salwayscomplaining.Phrasalverbs:(LongmanDictioClassificationsofEnglishIdioms

(pp.282-301)Idiomaticexpressionswithspecificgrammaticalstructures(pp.282-284)Phrasesidentifiedwiththefamiliarpartsofspeech(pp.284-294)Idiomsnotwithagivengrammaticalpartofspeech(pp.294-296)Idiomsexpressinggreeting,surprise,praise,orcriticism(pp.296-297)Proverbs(pp.297-301)ClassificationsofEnglishIdiSomeUsefulLanguageAreasofIdioms

(pp.301–319)15usefullanguageareas:IdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoagreeinganddisagreeingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoangerIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoeuphemismsIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoeverydaylifeIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoexplainingandunderstandingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtofriendsandfamilySomeUsefulLanguageAreasofIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtohappinessandsadnessIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtohealthIdiomsusedinconversationIdiomsusedinformalwritingIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtomemoryIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtomoneyNewidiomsIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtotellingstoriesIdiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoworkandbusinessIdiomscontainingwordsrelateSourcesofEnglishIdiomsEverydaylifeoftheEnglishpeoplekeepone’sshirton不發(fā)脾氣，忍耐Givesomebodythecoldshoulder怠慢，冷落Make(both)endsmeet 量入為出，收支相抵Agriculturallifegotoseed花謝結(jié)籽，退化，衰老,走下坡路leadsomeoneupthegardenpath引誘人誤入歧途putone’shandtotheplough著手某項工作Nauticalandmilitarylifebeinthesameboatwith境遇相同beindeepwaters陷入困境goagainst/withthestream逆流而行/隨波逐流，隨大流crossswordswithsomeone交鋒，爭論sticktoone’sgun固執(zhí)己見rankandfile普通人士（非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）SourcesofEnglishIdiomsEverybusinesslifecomeunderthehammer被拍賣talkshop談?wù)摫拘泄ぷ鱰urnanhonestpenny老實掙錢Studentlifespeakbythebook說話有根據(jù)turnoveranewleaf重新開始readbetweenthelines讀出隱含之意flunkout考試不及格foodandcookingkeepthepotboiling謀生，維持生計beinthesoup