山東省東營一中2019-2020學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題含解析

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精山東省東營一中2019-2020學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題含解析2019—2020學年山東省東營一中高二（下)期中英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分7。5分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1。5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話.每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題.每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A.Fatheranddaughter。B。Teacherandstudent。C。Classmates。2。Whatarethespeakersdoing？A。Drivingacar。B。Crossingthestreet.C。Ridingabus.3.Whatisthewoman'scoatprobablymadefrom?A。Man﹣madematerial。B。Wool.C.Cotton。4。Howlongwillittaketogettothedentistbybus?A.5minutes。B.10minutes。C25minutes.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A.ATVremotecontrol.B.Clothingbuttons.C.ATVchannel.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1。5分,滿分22。5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白.每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項.聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6。（1）Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace？A。Inthewoman'soffice.B。Intheman’shouse。C.Inawarehouse.(2）Whatwillthewomanbedoing？A.Cleaning.B.Organizingshelves。C。Recordingthedata.7.（1)Whatistheman’sopinionofhissewingclass?A。Hethinksit’sawasteoftime。B。Hethinksitbuildscharacter.C。Hethinkseveryoneshouldlearnit。（2）Whatdidthewomanchooseforherproject？A.Aneckpillow。B。Astuffedtoy。C。Apurse.8.（1)Whatwaslifeonthenearbyplanetlikeaccordingtotheman?A.Animals。B.Cells.C。Plants.(2）Whendoesthewomanthinkotherplanetswillcommunicatewithusprobably？A.In25years.B.In50years。C。In100years.（3）Howdoesthemanthinkwewillhearfromotherplanets？A。Byrockets.B。Bycomputers.C。Bytelescopes.9。（1)Whatwasthemanprobablydoingatthebeginning？A。Readingamagazine.B。WatchingaTVshow.C。Doingsomecleaning.（2）WhendidthewomanfirstuseAItoday？A。Whenshedrovehercar.B。Whenshewokeupwithheralarm。C。WhensheboughtsomethingsontheInternet.(3)Whatdidtheman’sparentsjustget?A.Anewcarwithspecialcameras。B。Apieceofcleaningequipment.C。Asmartwatch.（4）HowdoesthewomanreacttotheRoombaintheend?A.Sheisuninterested.B。Sheisamused。C.Sheisamazed。10。（1)Whatcausedtheholestoform？A.Humans.B.Avolcanoeruption。C。Globalwarming.（2）Whendoesthelakebegintofill?A。Inthespring。B。Inthesummer。C。Inthefall.（3）Whathappenstothewater？A.Itdisappearsforever.B。Itfloodsthehighways.C.Itappearsinthevalleybelowagain。(4）Whatdoweknowfromthetalk？A。Expertsthinkit'sbetternottofilltheholes。B。”LostLake”isformedduetoglobalwarming。C。ThestateofOregonisfamousfordeadvolcanoes.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分37。5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項.Courses＆CurriculumoftheCollegeofArts&SciencesinCornellThediversityofthecoursesyoucantakeintheCollegeofArts&Sciencesisextraordinary：AcademicDistributionRequirementsTheCollege’sacademicdistributionrequirementswillinclude：effectivewriting;foreignlanguagebeyondtheintroductorylevel;imaginativeandcriticalthinking。Tochooseyourcoursesforasemester,usetheClassRoster.Itshowsthescheduleofallclassesofferedinaparticularterm,alongwithclassenrollmentinformationandcoursedetails.TheClassRosterisupdatedfrequently。ToplanyourclassesoveryourfouryearsatCornell,usetheCoursesofStudy.ItrepresentsCornell'sfullcatalogofcoursesandispublishedannually.ItprovidesinformationonCornelldegreeprograms,requirements,policiesandprocedures.Ifyouneedhelp,call607-255—5004foranappointmentwithanadvisingdean。OrcontactacareercounselorintheArts&SciencesCareerDevelopmentCenterat607—255—4166totalkaboutyourinterestsandhowtheycantranslateintoamajorandafuturecareer.ANewCurriculumOnOctober30，2018，theCollegeofArts&Sciencesfaculty（教員）approvedanewundergraduatecurriculumtobecarriedoutoverthenexttwotothreeyears.Thenewcurriculumfocusesonthethemeofexplorationandreaffirmsthecollege’scommitmenttoaliberalartsandscienceseducation。StudentswhohavequestionsaboutthenewcurriculumcanviewtheapprovedproposalontheCourseDesignerappofCornell。InnovativeLearningIfyou'reoneofthe3，000studentsacrosstheuniversitytakingbiologyorphysicsattheCollege，youmaybepartofaninnovative(創(chuàng)新的）classroomprojectthatusesactivelearning，anewmodelthatisprovingtobethequickestpathtoexpert—levelmastery.YoureducationatCornellwillextendfarbeyondtheclassroom。Youcanjoinafacultymember’sresearchteamoncampus,conductfieldstudyresearchindifferentstatesorspendasemesterwithCornellinWashingtonDC。Youcouldstudyabroadinoneofmorethan85countriesordevelopyourownresearchprojectthroughindependentstudy。Giveyourselfthefreedomtoexplore。1.Ifyouwanttoplanyourcoursesoverthelongrun，youcanusethe______.A。ClassRoster B。CoursesofStudyC。CourseDesigner D.CareerCenter2.Forstudentsinvolvedinaninnovativeclassroomproject,they______。A。maystudyanewmodelB.areonthequickestwaytobeexpertsC。willgetmorefreedomduringresearchprojectD.haveadvantagesofstudyingoutsidetheclassroom3。Thearticleisprobablytakenfrom______.A.acollegewebsite B。asciencereportC。atravelmagazine D.anacademicjournal【答案】1.B2。D3。A【解析】本文是說明文，是關于美國康奈爾大學文理學院選修課程的介紹.【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheClassRosterisupdatedfrequently部分的介紹中“ToplanyourclassesoveryourfouryearsatCornell,usetheCoursesofStudy?！笨芍?，如果要在康奈爾大學計劃長期的課程，如四年的課程，使用“theCoursesofStudy”。故選B項。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。文章中InnovativeLearning部分的介紹中提到“YoureducationatCornellwillextendfarbeyondtheclassroom。Youcanjoinafacultymember’sresearchteamoncampus，conductfieldstudyresearchindifferentstatesorspendasemesterwithCornellinWashingtonDC。Youcouldstudyabroadinoneofmorethan85countriesordevelopyourownresearchprojectthroughindependentstudy.(你在康奈爾的教育將遠遠超出課堂的范圍。你可以在校園里加入教師的研究團隊，在不同的州進行實地研究，或者在華盛頓的康奈爾大學度過一個學期。你可以在超過85個國家的其中一個學習，或者通過獨立學習發(fā)展你自己的研究項目）"由此可以推斷，如果你參加創(chuàng)新課堂項目,你的學習將延伸到課堂范圍以外,你會有在課堂以外的地方學習的優(yōu)勢。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文,文章是介紹康奈爾大學文理學院的選修課程.因此可能是出自于康奈爾大學的網(wǎng)站。故選A項.Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe?！癐wasablackgirl，fromarefugee（難民)family,”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture。NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor。BornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighborhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple。WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily。ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships?！癐alwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid?！癥ouhavetodoyourbestanddomuchbetterthaneveryoneelse。Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff。Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme。“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled。“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar."Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin?！?.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat______.A.DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB.DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationC.Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD。Dekaspentalotoftimegoingtoparties5.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation______.A。afterherchemistryclass B.fromhermother’sexperienceC。byreadingbooksinthelibrary D。throughworkingattheinstitute6.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe______。A.patient B.ambitiousC。confident D。generous7。Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus？A.Lifeisnotallroses. B。Practicemakesperfect.C。Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Hardworkleadstosuccess?！敬鸢浮?。C5。B6。C7.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了索馬里難民DekaIsmail通過改變自己,不斷努力，終于成功考進加利福尼亞大學的成長經歷?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段的WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday。可知，雖然有些人可能會說Deka盡管有那樣的背景還是成功了，但她會有不同看法。她的經歷塑造了她，并激勵她成為今天這樣一個有干勁的年輕科學家。由此可知，Deka的這些經歷塑造了她、并激勵她努力。C.Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard.(Deka的經歷激勵她努力）符合以上說法.故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.可知，當Deka八歲的時候，她的母親通過在學校努力學習找到了一份工作，以支持整個家庭。這讓Deka意識到教育可以改變一個人的生活。由此可知，母親的經歷讓她明白教育的重要性。B.fromhermother'sexperience(從她媽媽的經歷）符合以上說法，故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves?？芍?，當被問及她會給像她這樣的人什么建議時，Deka提醒他們不要低估自己。由此可知，Deka建議大家不要低估自己，要相信自己,要有信心。C.confident(有信心的）符合以上說法。故選C項.【7題詳解】推理判斷題。結合文章大意，尤其是第四的Youhavetodoyourbestanddomuchbetterthaneveryoneelse.(你必須盡全力，比其他任何人都做得更好)，第五段的Deka’seffortspaidoff。(Deka的努力得到了回報)和最后一段中的Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves。(當被問及她會給像她這樣的人什么建議時，Deka提醒他們不要低估自己）可知,本文講述了難民身份的Deka經過自己的努力終于獲得成功，以及她分享的自己經歷和給他人的建議：不低估自己，要有信心.由此推測，這篇文章是想告訴我們：要相信自己，不斷努力,終將會取得成功。D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.(努力終將取得成功)符合以上說法。故選D項。Theworstoutbreakofdesertlocusts（蝗蟲)indecadesispresentlyunderwayintheHornofAfrica。Itisthebiggestofitskindin25yearsforEthiopiaandSomalia—andtheworstKenyahasseenfor70years.WhatweareseeinginEastAfricatodayisunlikeanythingwe’veseeninaverylongtime。Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies。Mostofthecountrieshardesthitarethosewheremillionsofpeoplearealreadyvulnerable(脆弱的)orinserioushumanitarianneed，astheyenduretheimpactofviolence，drought，andfloods.Wehaveactedquicklytorespondtothisoutbreak。Theprimarymethodofbattlinglocustsistheaerialsprayingofpesticides(殺蟲劑)。FAO’s“LocustWatch”serviceexplainsthat“althoughgiantnets，flamethrowers,lasers,andhugevacuumshavebeenproposedinthepast，thesearenotinuseforlocustcontrol。Peopleandbirdsofteneatlocustsbutusuallynotenoughtosignificantlyreducepopulationlevelsoverlargeareas?！盩heUN’sOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairshasreleased＄10millionfromitsCentralEmergencyReliefFundtofundahugescale-upinaerialoperationstomanagetheoutbreak。Butthewindowtocontainthiscrisisisclosingfast.WeonlyhaveuntilthebeginningofMarchtobringthisinfestationundercontrolasthatiswhentherainandplantingseasonbegins。Ifleftunchecked—andwithexpectedadditionalrains—locustnumbersinEastAfricacouldincrease500timesbyJune.Wemustactnowtoavoidafull-blowncatastrophe。Andwewill。Atthesametime，weneedtopayattentiontoabiggerpicture。ThisisnotthefirsttimetheGreaterHornofAfricahasseenlocustoutbreakapproachthisscale，butthecurrentsituationistheworstindecades。Thisislinkedtoclimatechange.Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms，generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts.8。Whatisimpliedinparagraph2？A。PeopleinEastAfricaaresufferingdrought.B.PeopleinEastAfricaaregoingthroughfloods.C。Thelocustoutbreakwillcausecropfailure.D。Thelocustoutbreakisworseninglocals’life.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A.Weneedabiggerpicturetostudythedisaster。B。ItisthesecondoutbreakoflocustsinEastAfrica.C.Itisthelargestoutbreakoflocustseverinhistory。D。Theoutbreakoflocustsisfueledbyglobalwarming。10。Whatisthepurposeofthetext？A.Toanalyseandcompare。 B。Toinformandcallfor。C。Toargueanddiscuss。 D。Tointroduceandassess.11。Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A。Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine。C.Anewsreport。 D.Achemistrypaper.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道.文章主要講述了非洲東部發(fā)生了幾百年以來的最嚴重的一次蝗蟲災害。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.可知，它的破壞潛力是巨大的，而且它發(fā)生在一個農民需要每一克食物來養(yǎng)活自己和家人的地區(qū)。原本這些地方就是依賴土地種植莊稼來養(yǎng)活自己和家人，現(xiàn)在蝗災爆發(fā)，只會是情況更加惡化.故選D項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段Thisislinkedtoclimatechange。Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms，generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts。可知,這與氣候變化有關。溫暖的海洋意味著更多的熱帶風暴,為蝗蟲創(chuàng)造了完美的繁殖條件。溫暖的海洋指的是全球變暖的影響，它助推了蝗蟲的爆發(fā).由此我們可以判斷,全球變暖對蝗災的爆發(fā)起到了助推作用。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段Wemustactnowtoavoidafull—blowncatastrophe.可知，我們現(xiàn)在必須行動起來,避免一場全面的災難。這是一種呼吁和號召。結合全篇，主要介紹了東非蝗災的爆發(fā)。兩者相結合可知這篇文章的目的是為了通知和呼吁大家采取行動。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。本篇文章主要內容為非洲東部爆發(fā)的蝗蟲危機,事態(tài)嚴重，作者呼吁大家采取行動。所以可知文章來自新聞報道,而非A.旅行指南，或B。健康雜志，也不是D.一篇化學論文。故選C項。Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightningwillstrike。Researchersreportthesystemisabletopredictlightningstrikesupto30minutesbeforetheyhappenwithina30—kilometerarea。Lightningisastrongburstofelectricityintheatmosphere.Sinceitcarriesanextremelypowerfulelectricalcharge,itcanbedestructiveanddeadly.Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear。Forthisreason，climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning.Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusesacombinationofdatafromweatherstationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelikelytocauselightning。Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedata，relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions：airpressure，airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed，wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法)，whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes。Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.Theresearcherstest—ranthesystemseveraltimes。Theyfoundthatthesystemmadepredictionsthatprovedcorrectalmost80percentofthetime。“Itcannowbeusedanywhere,"theSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologysaidinastatement.TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionprogram。TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity，transferringlightningchargesfromcloudstotheground。Theyhopethatsuchtechnologycanonedaybeusedasprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Possibleusescouldbeatstations，airportsorplaceswherelargecrowdsgather。12。Whywasthesystemdeveloped?A。Tomeetkids’curiosityaboutlightning。B.Toshowthepoweroflightning。C。Tokeeptrackoflightningdeaths。D。Toprotectpeoplefromlightning.13。Whatisspecialaboutthesystem？A.Itwasbasedonanumberofsamplesworldwide.B。Itadoptedadifferentmachinelearningalgorithm。C.Itusedaneffectivemethodofcollectingdata。D.Itrequiredlowcostofpredictinglightning.14。Whatwilltheresearchersdonextwiththelasertechnology?A.Monitorlightningactivity。 B。Preventtheoccurrenceoflightning.C.Directenergyfromlightning. D.Generateelectricitywithlightning.15。Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.ASystemofControllingLightning B.AMethodofForecastingLightningC。ATheoryofEmployingLightning D。AModelofCreatingLightning【答案】12.D13。B14。C15。B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們開發(fā)出一種利用機器學習來預測閃電何時何地發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題.由第二段Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6，000and24，000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Forthisreason,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning。可知,歐洲研究人員估計，全世界每年有6000到24000人死于閃電。由于這個原因,氣候科學家一直在尋找預測閃電的方法。結合上文，閃電具有破壞性而且是致命的，而且歐洲研究人員對每年死亡人數(shù)的估計,使得科學家們研發(fā)了這種系統(tǒng)，來保護人民免收閃電的傷害。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段Thedata,relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions：airpressure,airtemperature，relativehumidityandwindspeed，wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm(算法),whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes?？芍?，與四個主要表面條件即氣壓、氣溫、相對濕度和風速相關的數(shù)據(jù)被放入一個獨特的機器學習算法中,這種算法將數(shù)據(jù)跟閃電襲擊記錄作比對。由此可見,這個系統(tǒng)的獨特之處在于它獨特的算法.故選B項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity,transferringlightningchargesfromcloudstotheground.可知，參與該項目的科學家正在試驗一種激光技術，希望有一天這種技術可能控制閃電活動，將閃電電荷從云層轉移到地面。利用技術將閃電的電荷轉移到地面另做他用，減少危害.換句話說就是控制和利用閃電能量，用作其他用途。故選C項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightningwillstrike。可知，科學家們表示，他們已經開發(fā)出一種利用機器學習來預測閃電何時何地發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)。這也就是一種預測閃電的方法，而且下文主要就是圍繞這一點來講的，故選B項.第二節(jié)（共5小題,每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項.Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife.___16___Thereisconstantcompetitionforacademicdegrees,jobs,customers,moneyandsoforth.Inasense,competitionisoneofthemotiveforcestothedevelopmentofsociety。___17___Therefore,theonlywaytosurviveistobecompetitive。Growinginacompetitiveenvironmentisimportantforachildbecausefutureadultlifeisdifficult。Findingagoodjob,forexample，isanextremelycompetitiveactivity.Todaymostpeopleobtainknowledgethroughvariouswaysandalargenumberofpeoplegetgoodeducation.___18___Thequalityofpeopleisrapidlyincreasing.Competitionismoreviolentthanwhatwethoughtitshouldbe。Thepotentiallysuccessfuljobapplicanthastobepreparedinstrongerpositionbygainingmorequalificationsandexperience.Inthesportscontests,thestrongestwillcomeoutaswinners。Inthebusinessworld,tobeatyourcompetitors,youmustbebetterthantheotheremployees.___19___Thoughtheonlywayourworldrewardspeopleistogivehonortothewinners,nottothelosers,byattemptingtocompeteatdifferentactivities,wecanstilllearntowinandlose,gainexperienceandknowourstrengthsandweaknesses.Competitionpreparesusforthetoughthingsinlife。Whetheringames，instudyorinbusinessalike，theaimistowinthegame，thedegree，thetrophy,andthecontract.___20___A.Otherwise，youwillbedefeated。B.Modernsocietydemandshigh—qualitytalents.C。Learningtobecompetitiveisclearlythebestpreparationforlife。D.Therearealsomanypeoplewhohavehigherdegreesintheirspecialfields.E。Childrenhavetolearntobecompetitiveinordertoadapttomodernsociety.F.Inthenaturalworld，theweakwillbereplacedbythestrongandthefittestcanlive。G。Wecompetewhenweplaygamesandwhenwetrytodobetterthanothersinourstudy.【答案】16.G17。F18.D19.A20。C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文,作者圍繞“競爭”這一中心詞，作者論述了競爭在現(xiàn)實生活中、在各個領域的普遍性,競爭是人們在社會中生活的一種方式，最后闡述了“學會競爭是為人生做的最好的準備"這一觀點.【16題詳解】此題考查學生對語篇上下文的理解能力.上一句說競爭是我們社會生活中常見的現(xiàn)象，“Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife。"為一句總起句，下一句提到存在競爭的其他方面,“Thereisconstantcompetitionforacademicdegrees，jobs，customers,moneyandsoforth."因此,此空應該起承上啟下的作用。既會談到競爭，也會涉及到競爭的具體某些方面，G項則講當我們在玩游戲和學習要比別人做得更好時就會競爭,這些都是競爭的具體表現(xiàn)(具體某些方面），符合題意，故選G.【17題詳解】此題考查上下句之間因果關系。根據(jù)下一句和本段所舉例子可知，正因為F中所述，“Inthenaturalworld，theweakwillbereplacedbythestrongandthefittestcanlive。"在自然界中,弱肉強食，物競天擇,適者生存，“Therefore，theonlywaytosurviveistobecompetitive.”所以生存下來的唯一途徑就是競爭。即F項所舉例子與下一句構成強因果關系，故選F?！?8題詳解】該空承上啟下，提示詞在上一句，句中講當今社會大多數(shù)人“mostpeople”通過各種方式獲取知識,許多人得到良好的教育,本空D項則補充講也有許多人“Therearealsomanypeople"在他們的某些特殊領域擁有更高的學位,一前一后，分別講全民通識教育和精英教育，再下一句得出結論：這說明人的素質在迅速提高,因此競爭也更加激烈，D符合題意.此題干擾項為B“Modernsocietydemandshigh—qualitytalents.”現(xiàn)代社會需要高智商天賦的人。雖然此句也有quality出現(xiàn),但此段講述人們?yōu)榱嗽鰪娮约旱母偁幜Γ粩喃@取新知識,并無提及擁有與生俱來的天賦（talent)，故此題選D?！?9題詳解】此空與前一句是條件關系，“Inthebusinessworld，tobeatyourcompetitors，youmustbebetterthantheotheremployees?！币馑际?，在一個商業(yè)社會中，要打敗你的競爭對手，你就必須比其他員工更強，“Otherwise,youwillbedefeated.”否則你就會被打敗，otherwise（否則）在此處起到提示作用，表示滿足不了前一句的條件，就會出現(xiàn)“被打敗”的情況,故選A.【20題詳解】此空設在文章末尾，是總結句，起首尾呼應的作用。既是對本文的總結，又與文章開頭第一段呼應，本題側重語篇和文章結構關系的考查。文章開頭“Competitionisacommonphenomenoninoursociallife?！备偁幨俏覀兩鐣钪衅毡榈默F(xiàn)象,同時,該空上一句講“Whetheringames,instudyorinbusinessalike，theaimistowinthegame,thedegree，thetrophy,andthecontract."無論在哪個領域，我們的目的都是“贏”，贏得一切；因此,“Learningtobecompetitiveisclearlythebestpreparationforlife。”（所以學會競爭顯然是為人生做最好的準備），呼應文章開頭并總結全文、點題,故選C?！军c睛】七選五是一種極其注重考查文章結構、上下文聯(lián)系和邏輯關系的題目,經常從這些方面設置干擾項。例如本題中的第2小題,此題中干擾項為E：“Childrenhavetolearntobecompetitiveinordertoadapttomodernsociety.”(為了適應現(xiàn)代社會，孩子們不得不學會去競爭），雖然該段下文就有一處提到“Growinginacompetitiveenvironmentisimportantforachildbecausefutureadultlifeisdifficult?！彼坪跖cE選項內容十分“匹配”，但這正是容易誤選之處。實際上,該空緊挨著的下句,第一個詞便是therefore(因此），這類表示邏輯關系的詞語在七選五題目中一旦出現(xiàn)，必須引起大家的十二分注意，它們是重要的提示詞。在這里,therefore表示前后兩句構成因果關系，而后一句是“生存的唯一方式是去競爭”，F(xiàn)中描述的自然界中弱肉強食、物競天擇現(xiàn)象,與后一句形成因果關系，而E與后一句則明顯不構成這種因果關系,而是在用不同表述闡述相近的觀點,故排除。第三部分語言運用（共三節(jié),滿分15分)第一節(jié)完形填空（共1小題;每題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A，B，C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.AColoradopairbringsnewmeaningtotheword“determination”。Whenonecouldn’twalkandtheothercouldn’tsee，they___21___uptosharetheirloveofthegreatoutdoors。MelanieKnechthastouseawheelchairtogetaroundduetobornspinabifida(脊柱裂）.TrevorHahnonlyrecentlybecameblindafterhe___22___aneyediseasefiveyearsago。BothlivinginFortCollins,Colorado，thetwometatanadaptiveboxingclass-andtheysoonranintoeachotheragainatanadaptiverock—climbingclass.Theyimmediately___23___overKnecht'slifelonghobbyofcampingandHahn'spassionforoutdoorsports.WhenshetoldhimaboutherrecenttriptoEasterIsland，whereshegotthe___24___tobecarriedonanotherperson’sback，anunusualideaoccurredtoher。___25___hislostsight,he’dbeenabletoscaleaHimalayanpeak,usingpolesand___26___directionsfromhiscompanions。Theystartedsmall,butnextmonth—withhervisionandhis___27___—theywilltrektothetopofa14，000-footmountain?！癐tjustseemedlikecommonsense。He’sthelegs，I’mtheeyes！___28___,we’rethedreamteam。”saidKnecht.Atthestartofeachhike，afriendliftsKnecht___29___acarrieronHahn’sback。Fromthatpointon,shegiveshimoraldirectionstoleadtheway.Hahnsaid，“ItmademesohappytohelpsomeoneexperiencewhatI'vebeenabletoexperiencemywholelife。Thebestpartisbeingabletomakehersmile—thatgivesme____30____。”Inadditiontothissenseofpurpose,thetwoshareanunderstandingofhow____31____itcanbeaskingable-bodiedorsightedpeopleforassistanceineverydaylife.Theygetimmeasurable____32____frombeingabletodothisontheirown.Whilethetwoacceptthatothers____33____whatthey'vebeenabletodothey'renotlookingfor____34____—theyjustwantotherstoencouragesolutionsfortheirfriendswithdisabilities.Don’t____35____thembecauseyouthinktheywon'tbeabletodosomething.21.A。rose B。made C。teamed D.ended22。A.developed B。cured C.spread D.diagnosed23。A.handed B。argued C。got D。bonded24.A。opportunity B.competence C。permission D。admission25。A。Onaccountof B.Inspiteof C。Ontopof D.Inviewof26。A。spoken B。opposite C。confusing D。gesturing27.A.optimism B。strength C。guidance D。wisdom28.A。Hopefully B.Instead C.Together D.Similarly29.A。over B.up C.off D。into30.A.relief B.courage C。reward D。purpose31.A。convenient B.difficult C.ridiculous D.essential32。A.suffering B.wealth C.satisfaction D。depression33.A。appreciate B.oppose C.dismiss D.advocate34。A。criticism B。attention C。praise D.curiosity35.A。convince B.reject C.contact D.approach【答案】21.C22.A23.D24。A25。B26.A27。B28。C29。D30。D31。B32。C33。A34。C35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文.文章講述的是不能走路的MelanieKnecht和雙目失明的TrevorHahn兩個殘疾人互相借助各自的優(yōu)勢“合作”爬喜馬拉雅山共同享受大自然的故事。21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析.句意：當一個人不能走路，另一個人不能看東西時，他們合作分享他們對大自然的熱愛.A。rose上升；B.made制造；C。teamed使合作；D。ended結束。根據(jù)Whenonecouldn'twalkandtheothercouldn’tsee和tosharetheirloveofthegreatoutdoors.可知，他們要“合作”才能享受大自然。固定詞組：teamup“合作，協(xié)作”。故選C.【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：特雷弗·哈恩(TrevorHahn）五年前患了眼疾，最近失明。A。developed患（?。┑茫ú。籅.cured治愈；C。spread傳播；D.diagnosed診斷。根據(jù)空后的aneyediseasefiveyearsago可知,患了眼疾，D項應用bediagnosedwith“被診斷”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們很快就因為Knecht畢生的露營愛好和Hahn對戶外運動的熱愛而建立起了互信關系。A.handed交,遞；B。argued辯論；C。got得到;D。bonded建立（與某人的)互信關系.根據(jù)第3空后的overKnecht'slifelonghobbyofcampingandHahn’spassionforoutdoorsports可知,他們因為相同的愛好建立互信關系.故選D.【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當她告訴他她最近去復活節(jié)島的旅行，在那里她有機會被另一個人背在背上時，她想到的一個不尋常的想法。A。opportunity機會;B。competence能力，勝任；C。permission許可；D.honour榮譽。根據(jù)空后的tobecarriedonanotherperson’sback可知，此處指被另一個人背在背上的“機會"。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:盡管他雙目失明，但他還是能夠借助桿子和同伴的口頭指示爬上喜馬拉雅山.A.Onaccountof由于，因為;B.Inspiteof盡管;C.Ontopof除……之外，在……之上；D。Inviewof鑒于，考慮到。根據(jù)空后的he’dbeenabletoscaleaHimalayanpeak可知，此處指“盡管”失明，但是他能夠爬上喜馬拉雅山。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他雙目失明,但他還是能夠借助桿子和同伴的口頭指示爬上喜馬拉雅山。A。spoken口頭的；B。opposite相反的;C.confusing令人困惑的；D.gesturing打手勢。根據(jù)上文hislostsight可知，他失去了視力，可知要借助同伴的“口頭的”指示才能向前爬。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他們開始時規(guī)模很小，但下個月--憑借她的遠見和他的力量——他們將跋涉到達一座14000英尺高的山頂。A.optimism樂觀主義；B。strength力氣,力量；C.guidance指導；D.wisdom智慧。根據(jù)第9空后的theywilltrektothetopofa14，000—footmountain.和上文內容可知，因為她坐輪椅,需要背著，而他失明，所以他們在爬山時要借助她的眼睛和他的“力量”.故選B.【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他是腿,我是眼睛!在一起，我們是夢之隊。A.Hopefully充滿希望地;B.Instead相反，反而;C.Together一起;D.Similarly類似地。根據(jù)空后的we'rethedreamteam.可推斷,他們“在一起”就是夢之隊。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：每次徒步旅行開始時，我的一個朋友都會把Knecht放進哈恩的背上的搬運器里。A。over在……上面;B。up向上；C。off離開；D。into進入。根據(jù)語境可知，K