這種觀點(diǎn)存在多年但從未流行過課件

Unit9

PassageAOnlineSmileyFacePassageBAgogoverGoogleUnit9PassageAOnlineSmile1PassageAOnlineSmileyFace這種觀點(diǎn)存在多年但從未流行過ppt課件2BackgroundinformationNowadaysmanypeoplecommunicatethroughtheinternet.IfoneistalkingtohisnetfriendsinChinese,heorsheissuretocomeacrosssomenettermslike”菜鳥，大蝦，美眉，GG，灌水，潛水”.ThesamehappenswithonlinecommunicationinEnglish.Peoplemayusevariouscombinationsofsignsandabbreviationswhichsoundusual,butinsomecasesmakeonlinecommunicationbigfun.BackgroundinformationNowaday3Thisarticletellsyouhowoneofthesesymbolswasdevelopedandhelpsyoutocommunicatemoreeffectivelyonline.Canyoutellthemeaningofthefollowingsymbols:-D^0^^-^LOLA/S/Lpic4URASAPCyaBWTBBLBRBbrosisBFGFThisarticletellsyouhowone4PassageAOnlineSmileyFaceAlloverthecountrythesedays,electronicmailmessageareconcludingwiththisoddlittlepunctuationsequenceoroneofitmanyvariants,like(paraphrase1).Theseare“smileys”,so-calledbecausewhenyoutiltyourheadtothelefttheylooklikelittlefaces.Withacolonforeyesandahyphenforanose.(paraphrase2)Thuswhenamessageendsitmeans“justkidding.”Ifitendsitmeans“I’mdepressed.”PassageAOnlineSmileyFace5Itwas20yearsagothatScottFahlmantaughttheNethowtosmile.TheCarnegieMelloncomputerscientisthasdevotedhisprofessionallifetoartificialintelligence,thepracticeofteachingcomputershowtothinklikehumans,butthebeardscientistisperhapsbestknowforaflashofinspirationthathelpedtodefineInternetculture(translation1).

Itwas20yearsagothatSc6Bytheearly1980’s,theComputerSciencecommunityatCarnegieMellonwasmakinguseofonlinebulletinboards.Agoodmanyofthepostswerehumorous.Theproblemwasthatifsomeonemadeajoke,afewreaderswouldfailtogetit.Bytheearly1980’s,theComp7Thisproblemcausedsomepeopletosuggest(onlyhalfseriously)thatmaybeitwouldbeagoodideatoexplicitlymarkpoststhatwerenottobetakenseriously.Afterall,whenusingtext-basedonlinecommunication,welackthebodylanguageortone-of-voicecuesthatconveythisinformationwhenwetalkinpersonoronthephone(paraphrase3).

Thisproblemcausedsomepeopl8SoonSept.19,1982,Fahlmantypedinanonlinemessage.”IhadnoideaIwasstartingsomethingthatwouldsoonpollutealltheworld’scommunicationchannels,”helaterwrote.The“smileyface”hassincebecomeastapleofonlinecommunication,allowing12-year-oldgirlsandcorporatelawyersaliketopunctuatetheirmessagewithaquicksymbolthatsays”Hey,Iamonlyjoking.”SoonSept.19,1982,Fahlmanty9

ThisconventioncaughtonquicklyaroundCarnegieMellon,andsoonspreadtootheruniversitiesandresearchlabsviathecomputernetworksoftheday.Inthetwodecadessince,thesmilingiconshavetakenthee-worldbystorm.Nowcalledemotions,shortforemotiveicons,Fahlman’soriginalsidewayssmileyfacesparkedthecreationofthousandsofvariations.(translation2)Thisconventioncaughtonqu10Yahoo,MicrosoftandAmericanOnlineallincorporateemotionsintotheirinstantmessagesystems,whiletelecomfirms,jewelrymakersandonlineretailershavefiledtrademarkapplicantsforproductsandslogansthatincorporateFahlman’ssmileyface.ButFahlmanhasneverseenadimefromhiscreation.”Ifitcostpeopleanickeltouseit,nobodywouldhaveusedit.Thisismylittlegifttotheworld,forbetterorworse,”hesaid.Yahoo,MicrosoftandAmerica11PartⅠLanguagepointsCatchonv.tounderstand,tobecomepopular懂得，流行Eg.Thisideahasbeenaroundforageswithoutcatchingon.這種觀點(diǎn)存在多年但從未流行過。Skateboardingcaughtonquickly.滑板很快流行起來。PartⅠLanguagepointsCatchon12ConcludeV.tobringtoanend,close歸結(jié)為Finish----complete----conclude(fml--infml)Eg.Giveusthetool,andwewillfinishthejob.Nothingworthdoingiscompletedinourlife.生命中永遠(yuǎn)有值得做的事情。Thearticleconcludedwitharestatementofthemajorpointspresented.這篇文章以對主旨的重述結(jié)束。Governmentrepresentativesconcludedtariffnegotiation.政府代表結(jié)束了關(guān)稅協(xié)商。ConcludeV.tobringtoanen13convey

V.Totakeorcarryfromoneplacetoanother,transport運(yùn)輸，傳遞Theyarebuildingunderseapipestoconveyoilfromthousandsmilesaway.他們正在修建海底管道以從千里之外輸送石油。（continuous,regularmovementorflow）convey

V.Totakeorcarryfr14Thecompanyhasafleetoftruckstoforconveyingproductstothewholesalemarket.這家公司有一支卡車隊(duì)將貨物運(yùn)到批發(fā)市場。（serveasamediumforthedeliveryortransmission）Thecompanyhasafleetoftru15Cf:carry,bear,transport,transmitEg:Thetraincarriesbaggage,mailandpassengers.(supportingsthwhilemoving)運(yùn)送Anenvoycamebearingthesadnews.(theeffortofsupportingaburden,implyingsthimportant)帶來，標(biāo)有Thesehugetankersareusedtotransportoil.(themovementofpersonsormaterialobjects,oftenoveraconsiderabledistance)運(yùn)輸Cf:carry,bear,transport,tr16definev.Tostatetheprecisemeaningof(awordorsenseofaword,forexampletodescribethenatureorbasicqualitiesof,explain)定義，詳細(xì)說明Theirtaskwastodefinethepropertiesofanewdrug.解釋新藥的特性Imissthegentlehillsthatweredefinedagainstthesky.我懷念那天空襯托下輪廓分明的丘陵。definev.Tostatetheprecise17depressedGloomy,dejected令人失望的，沮喪的Eg.Ifyouaredepressed,youaresadandfeelthatyouenjoyanything,becauseyoursituationissodifficultandunpleasant.Theconstructionindustryisnolongerasdepressedasitwas.建筑業(yè)已經(jīng)不再像以前那樣令人悲觀了。depressedGloomy,dejected令人失望18devotev.Togiveorapply(forexampleoneselforone’slife)entirely奉獻(xiàn)Ifyoudevoteyourself,yourlife,oryourenergytosomething,youspendallormostofyourtimeorenergyonit.Hedecidedtodevotetherestofhislifetoscientificinvestigation.他決定將自己的余生奉獻(xiàn)給科學(xué)研究事業(yè)。

devotev.Togiveorapply(fo19explicitFullyandclearlyexpressed,leavingnothingimplicit清晰的，具體的Heignoredtheseexplicitcriticismtowardshisspeech.對那些對他講話的明顯批評，他置之不理。Cf:implicit,notexpresseddirectlyorcompletely.含蓄的，暗示的explicitFullyandclearlyexpr20ForbetterorworseWhetherthesituationorconsequencebegoodorill無論好壞InthenameofGod,I,(Name),我以上帝的名義，鄭重發(fā)誓：takeyou,(Name),tobemy(husband/wife)接受你成為我的丈夫/妻子tohaveandtoholdfromthisdayforward,從今日起forbetterorworse,不論禍福ForbetterorworseWhetherthe21forricherorpoorer,貴賤insicknessandinhealth疾病還是健康toloveandtocherish,都愛你untilwearepartedbydeath.珍視你Thisismysolemnvow.直至死亡forricherorpoorer,貴賤22incorporatev.Tounit(onething)withsthelsealreadyinexistence合并eg:wewillincorporateyoursuggestioninthenewplan.我們會將你的建議加入新計(jì)劃。incorporatev.Tounit(onethi23inspirationn.Afeelingofenthusiasmyougetfromsomeoneorsth,whichgivesyounewandcreativeideas靈感eg:India'smythsandsongsaretheinspirationforherbooks.她著作的靈感來自于印度神話和歌曲。Geniusis99%perspirationand1%inspiration.天才是百分之一的汗水和百分之一的靈感。inspirationn.Afeelingofent24professionalRelatingtoaperson’swork,especiallyworkthatrequiresspecialtraining職業(yè)的Eg:Doctorsandengineersarehighlyprofessionalpeople.醫(yī)生和工程師職業(yè)性都很強(qiáng)。n.Peoplewhodoaparticularthingtoearnmoneyratherthanasahobby.eg:JackNicolashasplayedineveryMajorChampionshipsinceheturnedprofessionalin1961.職業(yè)球員professionalRelatingtoapers25Take…bystormextremelysucessful,tocaptivatecompletely突然取得成功，使大吃一驚Eg:Kenya’slongdistancerunnershavetakentheathleticsworldbystorm.肯尼亞的長跑運(yùn)動員一舉成功震驚體育界。Take…bystormextremelysuces26Paraphrase1BACK…..throughoutthecountry,peopleoftenendtheire-mailmessageswithastrangeseriesofpunctuationmarkslikeand.Paraphrase1BACK…..t27Paraphrase2BACK…itwassocalledbecausewhenyoutiltyourheadtotheleft,theylooklikelittlefaces:acolonstandsforeyesandahyphenstandsforanose.Paraphrase2BACK…itwas28Paraphrase3…whentalkingonline,welackthesignalslikebodylanguageortone-of-voicethatconveythisinformationwhenwetalkinpersonoronthephone…

BACKParaphrase3…whentalki29Translation1BACK這位卡內(nèi)基·梅隆大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家把他的一生都獻(xiàn)給了人工智能的研究，即教會計(jì)算機(jī)如何像人一樣思維，不過這位大胡子科學(xué)家最為世人所知曉的是他在定義互聯(lián)網(wǎng)文化時(shí)所閃現(xiàn)的靈感。Translation130Translation2BACK這種做法很快在卡內(nèi)基·梅隆大學(xué)流行起來。不久就通過當(dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳到了其它大學(xué)和科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。在之后的二十年里，笑臉圖標(biāo)震撼了電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)界。法爾曼開創(chuàng)的這個(gè)放倒的笑臉今天我們稱之為情感符，它引發(fā)了成千上萬個(gè)同類符號的誕生。Translation2BACK31TranslationskillsConversionofpartsofspeech:Michaelhasastrongresemblancetohisfather.長得像（名詞變動詞）Letusbeopenandoverboard.打開窗戶說亮話（形容詞變動詞）Iamawarethatheisnolongertheboss.意識到（形容詞邊動詞）MybrotherismajoringinChinese.專業(yè)是（東西變名詞）TranslationskillsConversion325)Thesuccessofthebookbroughthimpopularity.使他變得有名了（名詞變形容詞）6)Istoppedtolistentothestreamthatbabbles.潺潺的流水（動詞變形容詞）7)Imetanoldmanonmywaybackhome.回家的路上（副詞變形容詞）8)Areyoufororagainsttheproposal?贊成還是反對（形容詞變動詞）5)Thesuccessofthebookbro33PassageBPassageB34LanguagepointsCorrespondent:n.Onewhocommunicatebymeansofletters通信者Oneemployedbytheprintorbroadcastmediatosupplynewsstoriesorarticles通訊記者Eg:aforeigncorrespondent外國記者LanguagepointsCorrespondent:35擴(kuò)展：Correspondenceschool函授學(xué)校Correspondencecourse函授課程Corresponding：adj.Havingthesameornearlythesamerelationship相同關(guān)系幾乎相同關(guān)系的citypovertyanditscorrespondingproblems城市貧困及其相隨的問題擴(kuò)展：36obligev.1.Tomakeindebtedorgrateful使感激或感謝Iamobligedtoyouforyourgracioushospitality.我很感謝你的熱情好客。2.Toconstrainbyphysical,legal,social,ormoralmeans強(qiáng)制強(qiáng)迫

obligev.1.Tomakeindebtedo37擴(kuò)展：obligation:Asocial,legal,ormoralrequirement,suchasaduty,contract,orpromisethatcompelsonetofolloworavoidaparticularcourseofaction.義務(wù)，責(zé)任社會、法律或道德要求

eg:Ibelievethateveryrightimpliesaresponsibility;everyopportunity,anobligation;everypossession,aduty.我相信每一項(xiàng)權(quán)利意味著義務(wù)；每一個(gè)機(jī)會意味著束縛；每一份財(cái)產(chǎn)意味著責(zé)任。（小約翰·D·洛克菲勒）擴(kuò)展：obligation:Asocial,legal38Prominentwidelyknown;immediatelynoticeable著名的，顯眼的eg:ThomasJeffersonwasaprominentpoliticianwhodraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencein1776.托馬斯·杰斐遜是著名的政治家，他起草了1776年的美國獨(dú)立宣言。Prominentwidelyknown;immedi39InconceivableImpossibletocomprehendorgraspfully，unbelievable不能完全理解或掌握,不可想象Thehurricanein2005broughtaninconceivabledisastertoNewOreland.2005年的颶風(fēng)給新奧爾良市帶來不可想象的災(zāi)難。InconceivableImpossibletocom40Embedv.Tofixfirmlyinasurroundingmass,toenclosesnuglyorfirmly嵌入，包圍，包埋…使成一個(gè)整體Theideahasfirmlyembeddedinhismind.這種觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)深深地扎根于他的腦海里。Embedv.Tofixfirmlyinasu41MalpracticeImproperornegligenttreatmentofapatient,theactoraninstanceofimproperpractice不當(dāng)?shù)幕虿萋实闹委?不端行為不良行為的行動或例子Thedoctorwasdetainedbecauseofmalpractice.這個(gè)醫(yī)生因?yàn)^職罪被拘留。MalpracticeImproperorneglig42Decenta.meetingacceptedstandards;adequate;Morallyupright;respectable;像樣的，可接受的，正派的，值得尊敬的Hewenttoworkinaforeigncompanywithadecentsalaryaftergraduation.他畢業(yè)后到一家外資企業(yè)工作，有一份相當(dāng)不錯的薪水。Itisverydecentofthemtolendyoumoney.他們借給你錢真好。Decenta.meetingacceptedst43Translation1Thenamecomesfrom“googol”,themathematicaltermfora1followedby100zeros.Thismeans,“ahellofalotmorethanthereisintheuniverse.”PeoplechoosethewordGooglebecausetheywanttoorganizeallthedataontheWeb.Translation1Thenamecomes44Google這個(gè)字起源于英語詞googol，它是一個(gè)表示1后面跟100個(gè)零的數(shù)字專有名詞術(shù)語。意思是說“比世界萬物都多出很多?！盙oogle公司選擇這個(gè)名字是因?yàn)樗麄円阉械馁Y料都整理到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。Google這個(gè)字起源于英語詞googol，它是一個(gè)表45Translation2

Nowthattheverb“toGoogle”isembe