2020屆北京市海淀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期查漏補(bǔ)缺英語試題 Word版含答案

海淀區(qū)2019-2020學(xué)年高三年級(jí)考前查漏補(bǔ)缺題第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ABooksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwasso1(thank)thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.After2(survive)terribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,is3Iamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.BIt’sapopular4(believe)thatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenor5they’vebeen,andtheydon’trecognizeyouoranyoftheirfriends–everymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Arecentstudy6(find)thatfishhavemuch7(good)memoriesthanweusedtothink.Infact,certainspeciesoffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.CIhonestlybelievethere’sadangerthatthemoreconnectedweare,themoreisolatedwefeel.Idon’tthinkthisissuchanissueformygenerationwho’velived8technologyforsolong.Weknowhowtobealoneand,moreimportantly,weknowthatit’sOKtobealone.9theunder20sareanotherkettleoffish.They’resobusy(municate)thattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandruntheriskofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheirownpany.Inaddition,they’relearningconversationthroughmessagesthatcan10(edit)andchangedattheexpenseoflearningtheartofrealconversationinrealtimewiththepersoninfrontofyou.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。“Hi!”Stellershouted.“I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?”Themanlookedtobeinhis60s,heavysetandmissingafewteeth.“Actually,”hesaid,“Ihaveaweddingtogoto.Iwasreally11togetahaircut.”Theman,namedEdward,12satonSteller’sredchair.Shebegantotrimhiscurlygrayinghair.Thenhebegantotellherabouthischildhood,aboutmovingheretobeclosertohisadultchildren,andhowhestilltalkstohismomeveryday.Afterthehaircut,Edwardlookedinamirror,exclaiming“Ilook13!I’llremembertoputmy14innexttime.Ilookbetterwithteeth!”Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircuts.Theseclientsallliveonthemargins(邊緣),andsheiskeenlyawareofthe15ofherclean-upjob.“It’smorethanahaircut,”shesays.“Iwantittobeagateway—toshowvalueand16.”Stellerknowsthatahaircutcanchangealife.Asateen,shesufferedfroma(n)17whichwassoseverethatherhair18drastically.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.“Tositdownandhavesomebodytalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeel19aboutandlessalone,”shesays.Afterthat,Stellerdecidedtohaveherownsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthe20she’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetology(美容術(shù))school,shebeganherRedChairProject,21outtopeopleonthestreets.Althoughshecan’t22theirproblemsbygivingfreehaircuts,shebelievesitmighthelpthemfeelless23foramoment.Stellerlistenstopeople’s24oflossandstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.Theattentionapparently25.Whenshewascuttingawoman’shaironeday,someonedrovebyandyelled,“Youlookamazing!”Thewomaninthechairbeamed.“I’mnot26,”sheexclaimed.“IthoughtIwasinvisible.Look,peopleseeme!”ABranchoftheRedChairProjectistheStellerKindnessProject,inwhichpeoplewho27actsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchange,theytelltheirstories,whichSteller28onherwebsite.Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbe29tospreadtheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.Anditallbeganwitha(n)30insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.11.A.hoping B.learning C.promising D.hesitating12.A.freely B.gladly C.patiently D.voluntarily13.A.fit B.ugly C.good D.silly14.A.feet B.hand C.heart D.teeth15.A.energy B.force C.length D.power16.A.reward B.respect C.sympathy D.determination17.A.attack B.threat C.accident D.disease18.A.thinned B.loosened C.whitened D.shortened 19.A.cared B.worried C.known D.thought20.A.use B.way C.need D.reason 21.A.running B.calling C.reaching D.pointing22.A.fix B.face C.raise D.present23.A.afraid B.alone C.annoyed D.ashamed24.A.plaints B.explanations C.desires D.stories 25.A.disappears B.grows C.works D.spreads 26.A.innocent B.invisible C.unimportant D.unmon27.A.appreciate B.discover C.mit D.witness28.A.creates B.enjoys C.sells D.shares29.A.urged B.allowed C.inspired D.persuaded30.A.belief B.trust C.investment D.pleasure第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AGetinvolvedwithourresearchSomeofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit’susingyourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,orsimplyvolunteeringyourtimeforastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeoftheground-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresearch.Watchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?ResearchersfromtheSleep&CircadianNeuroscienceInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordareevaluatingdifferentinterventionsaimedatimprovingsleep.Wearelookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.ParticipationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryatOxford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andpletingputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudyyouvolunteerfor,youwilleitherundergoanonlineself-helptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivebrainstimulationsessionspriortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedforyourtime.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontacttheresearchteamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteerswithlazyeyewantedWearelookingforvolunteerswithahistoryoflazyeyetotakepartinourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular(雙眼的)visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wearelookingforhealthy,fluentEnglishvolunteersaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.YouwillalsobeaskedquestionsaboutyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabilityforanMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinformation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisanindependentmulti-disciplinaryclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccinesforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstudyingtheepidemiologyofinfectiousdiseases. Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurrentlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfo@ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallabfortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateinputer-basedexperimentsinvolvingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.Wepayoursubjectswell,therearenospecialskillsrequiredandyoudon’thavetobeastudenttotakepart! Contactusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinformation.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TooffermedicalhelptopatientsB.TolookforexperiencedresearchersC.TointroducenewresearchprogramsD.Torecruitvolunteersforresearchprojects32.ThegoalofOVGisto_______.A.carryoutclinicaltrialsB.producevaccinesagainstvirusesC.learnmoreabouttheimmunesystemD.studytheoccurrenceofinfectiousdiseases33.YoucanfinishtheexperimentonyourhomePCifyoujoin__________.A.OxfordVaccineGroupB.InsomniaresearchgroupC.OxfordExperimentallabD.BrainScanningstudygroupBTHEOLDFISHERMANOurhousewasdirectlyacrossapopularhospital.Werentedtheupstairsroomstooutpatientsattheclinic.Onesummerevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulyawfullookingman,hisfacelopsidedfromswelling,redandraw.Hetoldmehe’dbeenhuntingforaroomsincenoonbuthehadnosuccess.“Iguessit’smyface.Iknowitlooksterrible,butmydoctorsayswithafewmoretreatments…”ForamomentIhesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:“Icouldsleepinthisrockingchairontheporch.Mybusleavesearlyinthemorning.”Itoldhimwewouldfindhimabed,buttorestontheporch.Itdidn’ttakealongtimetoseethatthisoldmanhadanoversizedheartcrowdedintothattinybody.Hetoldmehefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,herfivechildren,andherhusband,whowashopelesslycrippledfromabackinjury.Hedidn’ttellitbywayofplaint.Hewasgratefulthatnopainacpaniedhisdisease.Atbedtime,weputacampcotinthechildren’sroomforhim.WhenIgotupinthemorning,thebedlinenswereneatlyfoldedandthelittlemanwasoutontheporch.Beforeheleftforhisbus,haltingly,hesaid,“CouldIpleaseebackandstaythenexttimeIhaveatreatment?Icansleepfineinachair.”Hepausedamomentandthenadded,“Yourchildrenmademefeelathome.Grownupsarebotheredbymyface,butchildrendon’tseemtomind.”Itoldhimhewasweletoeagain.Intheyearshecametostayovernightwithus.Therewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusfishoroystersorvegetablesfromhisgarden.WhenIreceivedtheselittleremembrances,Ioftenthoughtofamentournext-doorneighbormadeafterheleftthatfirstmorning.“Youcanloseroomersbyputtingupsuchpeople!”Maybewedidloseroomersonceortwice.Butoh!Ifonlytheycouldhaveknownhim,perhapstheirillnesseswouldhavebeeneasiertobear.Iknowourfamilyalwayswillbegratefultohaveknownhim;fromhimwelearnedwhatitwastoacceptthebadwithoutplaintandthegoodwithgratitude.34.Whentheoldfishermanstayedovernight,theauthor’schildren________________.A.werebothered B.wereterrified C.feltnormal D.feltathome 35.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthefisherman?A.Heisbothtallandstrong. B.Hehasfivegrandchildren.C.Heispessimisticaboutlife. D.Hesuffersfromabackinjury.36.Theoldfishermangavetheauthorfishesandoystersbecausehe________.A.wantedtheauthortobuythem.B.wantedtopaytherentwiththem.C.hadfishedtoomanyfishesandoysters.D.wantedtoshowhisthankfulnesstotheauthor.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.B.Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.C.Staypositive,staygrateful.D.Honestyisthebestpolicy.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould“openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture”,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation,”saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推測(cè)的）fornow,shesays.38.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves39.WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic40.Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenhouseeffectscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C.plantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D.insectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDThefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanoldermanwithafaultyheart—themainpumphadfailedandhisheartwasbeatingirregularlyandfartoofast.Wetriedtoslowitdownwithtreatment,butitsuddenlystoppedbeatingpletely.Later,wheneverIwouldhaveacaselikethatone,Ifoundmyselfsecond-guessingmyclinicalmanagement.However,itturnsoutthatthinkingtwicemayactuallycausemoreharmthangood.Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeliveringababyhaveanadverseoute,theyaremorelikelytoswitchtoadifferentdeliverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnecessarilyandsometimeswithworseresults.Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefalloutfromsecond-guessingloomsespeciallylargeforus.A2006studyfoundthatifapatienthadableedafterbeingprescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lesslikelytoprescribesubsequentpatientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.However,ifapatienthadastrokeandwasnotonwarfarin,physicianswerestillnomorelikelytoprescribewarfarintotheirotherpatients.Thesefindingshighlightinterestingbehavioralpatternsindoctors.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctorsweremoreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm(prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient)andlessaffectedbylettingharmhappen(notprescribingabloodthinnerandthepatienthavingastroke).Yetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddamagingthanableed.Butthisphenomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.“OverreactiontoFearsomeRisks”holdstrueforbroadersociety.Forinstance,sensationalheadlinesaboutsharkattacksonhumansinFloridain2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitshark-feedingexpeditions.Yetsharkattackshadactuallyfallenthatyearand,accordingtothestudy,suchachangewasprobablyunnecessarygiventheextremelysmallriskofsuchanattackhappening.Humansaresusceptibletoemotionalandoftenirrationalthinkingwhenprocessinginformation,adverseeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswedon’twanttocauseanunfortunateeventtorecur—inamedicalsettingorinthewiderworld—weneedtobeawarethataworst-casescenariodoesn’tnecessarilymeanwedidanythingwrong.Whenweoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknoworhaveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentlyoveranalyzeandetothewrongconclusion.Ihavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresentedwiththesameillnessesasmyfirstpatient,whodiedmorethanayearago.Insteadofsecond-guessingmyself,Itrustedmyclinicalinstinctandstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatientssurvived.Youshouldtrustyourinstinctinyourlife,too.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat______?A.Badmedicaloutesaffectdoctors.B.Deliveringbabiescanbedifficultwork.C.Somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced.D.Doctorssometimesmakesillymistakes.43.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors______.A.tendtoprescribelesseffectivemedicineB.aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients’safetyC.believeastrokeismoretreatablethanableedingD.beelessconfidentinwritingcertainprescriptions44.Theauthordevelopshisideamainlyby______.A.givingexamples B.makingparisons C.usingmetaphors D.quotingfamoussayings45.Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat______.A.weshouldn’tdoubtourowndecisionsB.ourexperiencewillpavewayforourfutureC.humansareemotionalandirrationalonthewholeD.instinctsdon’tnecessarilyleadtowrongdirections第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。OptimismBias(偏見)Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.46Thisbiasleadsustobelievethatwearelesslikelytosufferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewilllivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.47Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthatourchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexperiencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeers.Andthisoverlypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives.48Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincancer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:ATouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrain,notesthatthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisoptimismbiascanattimesleadtonegat