新課標(biāo)高考英語重點(diǎn)語法范例歸總十三類

新課標(biāo)高考英語重點(diǎn)語法范例第一周派生詞在新課標(biāo)全國卷的語法填空題中，有涉及單詞的形式變化的題目。此外，新考綱要求考生掌握3000多個(gè)英語單詞。因此，掌握常用派生詞的構(gòu)詞方法不僅能幫助同學(xué)們做好語法填空題，還能幫助同學(xué)們擴(kuò)大詞匯量，為同學(xué)們在高考中穩(wěn)操勝券奠定基礎(chǔ)。一、名詞后綴1．動(dòng)詞＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名詞(表示動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作過程)correctv．改正；糾正 correctionn．改正celebratev．慶祝 celebrationn．慶祝；慶祝會(huì)concludev．完成；結(jié)束 conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束2．動(dòng)詞＋-er/-or→名詞(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人)drivev．駕駛開車；驅(qū)趕 drivern．司機(jī)；駕駛員gatherv．聚集；采集 gatherern．收集者；采集者conductv．指揮；管理 conductorn．指揮；售票員3．動(dòng)詞＋-ment→名詞punishv．懲罰 punishmentn．懲罰4．動(dòng)詞/形容詞＋-th→名詞warmadj.溫暖的 warmthn．溫暖growv．生長 growthn．生長5．形容詞＋-y→名詞difficultadj.困難的 difficultyn．困難honestadj.誠實(shí)的 honestyn．誠實(shí)6．形容詞＋-ness→名詞kindadj.善良的 kindnessn．善良7．動(dòng)詞＋-ance→名詞annoyvt.使煩惱 annoyancen．生氣；煩惱8．-ship結(jié)尾的名詞(表示身份；關(guān)系；資格)membern．成員；會(huì)員 membershipn．會(huì)員資格professorn．教授 professorshipn．教授身份9．-ing結(jié)尾的名詞gardenn．花園 gardeningn．園藝greetv．打招呼；問候 greetingsn．問候[針對訓(xùn)練]語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文)AFromthe1.expression(express)onMary’sface,heknewheleftabad2.impression(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.election(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.Organization(organize),hecouldnotgether5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.pollution(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration(inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.helper(help)！I’msureIwillbethe10.winner(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.BItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.birth(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.bravery(brave)and7.perseverance(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.citizenship(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.settlement(settle)．Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.happiness(happy)andsuccess.二、形容詞后綴1．常見形容詞后綴(1)名詞＋-al→形容詞(表示“有……屬性”，“與……有關(guān)”)agriculturen．農(nóng)業(yè) agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的(2)動(dòng)詞＋-ive→形容詞decidev．決定；下決心 decisiveadj.決定性的；關(guān)鍵的(3)動(dòng)詞＋-able→形容詞(表示“能夠”，“適于”，“值得”)changev．變化；兌換changeableadj.易變的；變化無常的(4)名詞＋-ful→形容詞caren．小心；關(guān)心 carefuladj.小心的；仔細(xì)的(5)名詞＋-less→形容詞(意思與原名詞相反)caren.小心；關(guān)心 carelessadj.粗心的(6)名詞＋-ly→形容詞friendn．朋友 friendlyadj.友好的(7)名詞＋-y→形容詞dirtn．污物；臟物 dirtyadj.臟的(8)名詞＋-ous→形容詞dangern．危險(xiǎn) dangerousadj.危險(xiǎn)的2．復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成(1)形容詞＋-ing分詞 easy-going隨和的(2)形容詞＋名詞＋-ed kind-hearted善良的；好心的(3)名詞＋-ed分詞 water-covered被水覆蓋的(4)副詞＋-ed分詞 well-written寫得好的(5)數(shù)詞＋名詞＋-ed three-legged三條腿的[針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線單詞的意思1．Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.(2012·四川高考閱讀C)()2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.()3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.()4．Herwordsstruckfearintoherheartsothatshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.()5．Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.()答案：1.不可思議的；難以置信的2.吸引人的3.可依賴的；靠得住的4.沒有睡覺的；不眠的5.有霜的Ⅱ.語篇填空A：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1.communicative(communicate)．Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive(impress)and4.acceptable(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative(create)and6.helpful(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.countless(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.famous(fame)girlinherschool.B：運(yùn)用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)完成下列短文Ourjourneywasfar-reachingamongstsnow-covered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglish-speaking(說英語的)peoplelive.Thelocalpeoplearegood-looking(相貌好看的),easy-going(隨和的)andhard-working(勤勞的)．Ourhostesswasold-aged(年老的)，white-haired(白發(fā)蒼蒼的)andsun-burnt(被太陽曬傷的)．Shegavemehome-made(自家做的)yaksmilkcake,lookingself-satisfied(自足的)asIenjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywell-known(著名)andwide-spread(廣泛流傳)aroundhere.IwasexhaustedwhenIfellintotheready-made(準(zhǔn)備好了的)bedshepreparedforme.三、動(dòng)詞詞綴1．前綴-en＋形容詞→動(dòng)詞enrichv．豐富 enlargev．變大；增大；擴(kuò)大2．形容詞＋-en→動(dòng)詞shortenv．縮短 widenv．加寬3．-fy結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞simplifyv．簡化 classifyv．歸類4．-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞realizev．認(rèn)識(shí)到 popularizev．普及[針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線部分的意思1．Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.()2．Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.()3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizons.()4．Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.()答案：1.使能夠2.使關(guān)系正常化3.拓寬視野4.使驚懼Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Tryyourbesttomemorize(memory)thesenewwords.2．Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.3．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplantopurify(pure)thewastewater.4．Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.5．Youcanenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.四、否定詞綴1．表示否定意義的前綴un-不，非unable不能夠unlucky不幸的dis-不，非dishonest不誠實(shí)的discontinuous不連貫的in-不，非inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的im-不，非impatient不耐煩的impossible不可能的ir-不，非irregular不規(guī)則的irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的il-不，非illogical不合邏輯的illegal非法的non-不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop直達(dá)的；連續(xù)不斷的mis-錯(cuò)誤mislead誤導(dǎo)misunderstand誤解dis-＋動(dòng)詞(意義相反)dislike不喜歡disagree不同意un-＋動(dòng)詞(意義相反)uncover揭開undress脫衣服2．表示否定意義的后綴名詞＋-less→否定意義的形容詞usen.用處；用途 uselessadj.無用的hopen.希望 hopelessadj.沒有希望的；絕望的homen．家 homelessadj.無家可歸的[針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.閱讀下列短文，寫出畫線單詞的意思A1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire.However,MissWangknewitwasnotthetruestory.Sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.Shedecidedto4.disclosethetruth:itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster.Shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5.uncoverednow.1．____________2.____________3.____________4．____________5.____________答案：1.錯(cuò)誤觀念2.駁回；不準(zhǔn)許3.失望的；沮喪的4．揭露5.揭露；揭發(fā)Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文)Thespeechseemedtobe1.nonstop(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_(patient)．Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.non-renewable(renew)andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas4.impractical_(practice)and5.unbearable_(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_(believe)thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible(responsible)tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings(understand)．Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shoutingloudlyandangrily.五、正確使用派生詞1．動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞類后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如果所給單詞是其他詞類，就要將其改為名詞，并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。(1)Doyouknowthedepth(deep)oftheriver?(2)Hiscarelessness(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident.(3)Heisoneofthescientists(science)whosupportthistheory.2．動(dòng)詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。所給單詞為動(dòng)詞，就要看該動(dòng)詞是否有名詞形式。如果有名詞形式，就用其名詞形式。如果該動(dòng)詞沒有名詞形式，就用其動(dòng)名詞形式。此外，如果所給動(dòng)詞有名詞形式，就要看其后有無賓語。如果后有賓語，用動(dòng)名詞形式；后無賓語，則用名詞形式。(1)Pleasepayattention(attend)toyourhandwriting.動(dòng)詞attend本身有名詞形式attention,所以不用動(dòng)名詞attending。(2)Hisarrival(arrive)madethesituationworse.動(dòng)詞arrive本身有名詞形式arrival,所以不用動(dòng)名詞arriving。(3)Theteacherwasangryatmycoming(come)late.動(dòng)詞come沒有名詞，所以用動(dòng)名詞coming。(4)Thankyouforyourhelp(help)．Thankyouforhelping(help)me.(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation(appreciate)．Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating(appreciate)myspeech.上面兩組句子中，helping與appreciating后都帶有賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞。help與appreciation后沒有賓語，故用名詞形式。3．動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時(shí)，還要考慮副詞級的變化。(1)Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat？”Fathershoutedangrily(angry)．(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.(4)Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.(5)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly(slow)?4．名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語。如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí)，還要考慮形容詞級的變化。(1)What’sthewidest(width)riverintheworld?(2)Thestronger(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.[針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Marywasverysadatthenews,soshelookedsadlyatherhusband,hereyesfullofsadness.(sad)2．Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3．Look！HowhappilyKateislaughing！Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy)4．Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy)5．Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent)6．Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple)7．Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8．ThepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9．Youaresokindtohelpme.Thankyouforyourkindness.(kindly)10．Everythingisbecomingmore_expensivethanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollegeexpenses.(expend)Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文)AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200private1.safes(safety)．TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding2.equipment(equip)todigholesanddestroywallsonSaturdaynight.Theytiedupa3.security(secure)guardandspentthenextninehoursrobbingthebank.One4.investigator(investigate)describedthe5.robbery(rob)asa“6.professional(profession)job”．Therobberscameinatabout22：00onSaturdayandleftat7：00onSunday.Theyenteredthroughthebasementsofthe7.neighbouring(neighbour)building,diggingthroughaseriesoftunnelsandmakingaholeintoawallof80cmthicktogetintothebank,whichwashavingbuildingworksatthetime.Whentheyleft,therobberssettheplaceonfireto8.remove(move)anytraceofevidence,switchingontheanti-firesystemandfloodingthebuilding.9.Fortunately(fortune),theguardescaped10.unharmed(harm)．Itisdifficulttoestimatethetotalvalueofwhatwasstolenasonlythebank’sclients(儲(chǔ)戶)knowthecontentoftheirprivatesafes.第二周動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常用often,usually,everyday等時(shí)間狀語。Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.(2013·北京高考)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.(2013·陜西高考)(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象，無論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示?！癓ifeislikewalkinginthesnow，”Grannyusedtosay，“becauseeverystepshows.”(2012·新課標(biāo)全國卷)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewedbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.(2013·北京高考)(3)在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeIleaveforAfrica.(4)表示按計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。Theflighttakesoffat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday.2．一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示)；用于表示過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。Ididn’trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)(2)注意句型：was/wereabouttodo...when...中when后從句的動(dòng)詞用過去式。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：sofar,recently,lately,once/twice/three...times,before,ever,bynow,inthelast/pastfewyears,overalongtime,uptonow,yet,already,just,since等。主要用于以下幾種情況：(1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。—Look!Somebodyhascleanedthesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012·江西高考)(2)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatameeting.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenmadeintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2013·北京高考)(3)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。①Itis(hasbeen)＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)time＋that從句Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(2009·陜西高考)②在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作?！猈henshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwehavefinishedourplan.(2010·四川高考)4．過去完成時(shí)(1)過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間，還可能持續(xù)下去。常與for,since等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,hehadhaditforaverylongtime.(2013·遼寧高考)Wefirstmetonatrainin2010.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehadknowneachotherforyears.(2)有些動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.(3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely...when...;nosooner...than...中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，該句式意為“一……就……；剛……就……”。Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.5．將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)表示到將來某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成，常用的時(shí)間狀語為“by＋將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間”。—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,hewillhavesavedenoughforausedone.(2012·上海高考)6．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；go,come等表示起止動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。Youarealwaysstudyinginthelibrary.Whynothaveapicnicthisafternoon?7．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某動(dòng)作在某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry.Iwasansweringatextmessagejustnow.(2012·四川高考)—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(2010·新課標(biāo)全國卷)(2)某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，其中的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)?！狪don’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’msosorry.ButIwasdoingmyhomework.(2013·湖南高考)8．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandhasbeentakingbadmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.(2013·福建高考)(2)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。Wherehaveyoubeen？Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.9．將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者將來某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。這些常見的標(biāo)志性狀語有：atthistimetomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow,from1：30to4：30tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow?！狢anIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?—I’msorry,butbythenIwillbeflyingtoBeijing.Howaboutfive？(2012·陜西高考)二、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)英語中動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。做有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的題目可以分兩步走：第一步確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)，第二步確定正確的語態(tài)。判斷用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例)時(shí)間一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/arewrittenam/is/arebeingwrittenhas/havebeenwritten過去was/werewrittenwas/werebeingwrittenhadbeenwritten將來shall/willbewritten1.get＋過去分詞表被動(dòng)Theygotmarriedlastweek.Hefellandgothurt.2．主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)系動(dòng)詞look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等＋形容詞/名詞。Thedishtastesdelicious.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.(2)表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read,write,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,shut等，其主語往往是物?！猈hataboutthebooks?—Booksofthiskindsellwell.Thedoorwon’topen.Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)beworth后常接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Alotofsmalltownsintheareaaredefinitelyworthvisiting.(4)need,want,require,deserve等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Mosthouseplantsrequireregularwatering.[針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．(2013·安徽高考)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?2．(2013·北京高考)—DoyouthinkMomandDadwill_be(be)late?—No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.3．(2013·北京高考)Hurryup!MarkandCarolare_expecting(expect)us.4．(2013·湖南高考)“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，Iwill_be(be)president，”saidtheboy,withasmile.5．(2013·湖南高考)Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.6．(2013·湖南高考)Ifnothingis_done(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.7．(2013·湖南高考)—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,ithas_been(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.8．(2013·江蘇高考)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersis(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.9．(2013·江蘇高考)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iwill_be_writing(write)areportathome.10．(2013·江蘇高考)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“did(do)Idoubtthatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”11．(2013·江蘇高考)—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwehad(have)aroughride.12．(2013·江西高考)Iwas_coming(come)tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.13．(2013·遼寧高考)Atnotimedid(do)theyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.14．(2013·遼寧高考)Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwill_be_improved(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.15．(2013·山東高考)Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.16．(2013·陜西高考)Jimwas_watching(watch)alate-nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.17．(2013·上海高考)Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhehad_left(leave)hiskeyatschool.18．(2013·上海高考)Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohave_been_elected(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.19．(2013·四川高考)Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusis_waiting(wait)forus!20．(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Wewere_leaving(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.21．(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)Ifwedon’t_act(notact)nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.22．(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhave_changed(change)mymind.23．(2013·浙江高考)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshas_increased(increase)sharply.24．(2013·重慶高考)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIwent(go)straighttobed.25．(2013·重慶高考)AMidsummerNight’sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.Ⅱ.語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文)AItwasgettingdarkwhenI1.got(get)home.ItwascoldandI2.was_wearing(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypockettotakeoutthekey,butIcouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI3.had_left(leave)itonmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmakeanydifference.Iknewmywife4.was(be)athomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschoolbynow,soI5.knocked(knock)atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer.I6.continued(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.I7.was_getting(get)angry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboy8.had_told(tell)meatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife9.had_phoned(phone)sayingthatshe10.would_go(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Itseemedthatnothing11.could_be_done(cando)andI12.would_be_shut(shut)outofmyhouse.BWelcometoourschool.I’dliketointroduceplansforourschooltoyou.Alotofwork1.has_been_done(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2.has_been_completed(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwe’llstillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3.is_being_built(build)thisyear.Butwedon’thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4.are_collecting(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5.will_be_spent(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,aplan6.is_being_made(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm,atwhichwonderfulperformances7.will_be_put(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8.are_being_improved(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9.are_being_planted(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10.is_going_to_be_painted(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.第三周情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1．can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。Evenachildcanoperatethecomputer,letaloneanadult.(2)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?(3)表示可能。ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.(4)cannot...too/enough表示“無論……也不過分”；“越……越好”。Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.(2012·陜西高考)2．may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“許可、可能性、祝愿”等意義。①在給予別人許可時(shí)，常用can，但有時(shí)也用may。不能用might?！狹ayItakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2010·四川高考)②“mayaswell＋動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好；倒不如”。Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.(2)may作“可以”講時(shí)，其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時(shí)，其否定式是“needn’t”，表示“不必”。—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No,youmustn’t.Youreaditinhere.(2010·陜西高考)3．must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。Thenewlawstatesthatpeoplemustn’tdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.(2012·上海高考)(2)表示“偏執(zhí)；固執(zhí)”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(2011·遼寧高考)4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵??！猈hattimeshallIpickyouupatyourhousetomorrow,sir?—Ihaven’tdecidedonthetime.ButIwillcallyou.(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。NodrivingelectricmotorbikesinsomeareasisarulethatyoushallobeyinFuzhou.5．will和would的用法作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的will,would與作助動(dòng)詞的will,would的各種形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去的情況?！狦oodbye,John.Comebackagainsometime.—Sure.Iwill.(2012·四川高考)—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2011·重慶高考)(2)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.(3)would可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，比usedto正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago,wewouldoftengotothecinematogether.6．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have＋過去分詞(1)can/couldhavedone表示“本來可以做，而實(shí)際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中can’thavedone多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”?！狣oyouknowwhereDavidis？Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.Hecan’thavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.Icouldhavesavedthepoorrabbit,butIdidn’thavetherightdrugswithmeatthatmoment.(2)may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”。Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(3)musthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定；想必”，語氣十分肯定。Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.(2010·安徽高考)(4)shouldhavedone表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻沒有做；shouldn’thavedone表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備的意味。Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山東高考)(5)oughttohavedone表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻沒有做；oughtnottohavedone表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法與should相同，也往往含有責(zé)備的意味。Yououghttohavecometothepartyyesterday,butwhydidn’tyoucome?(6)needn’thavedone表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.(2010·天津高考)二、虛擬語氣1．非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語氣的用法if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形表示過去情況had＋過去分詞should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞表示未來情況should＋動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldhadn’tofferedusaridehome.(2012·天津高考)Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.[名師指津]若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主語前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.(2010·浙江高考)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.2．錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)3．含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達(dá)，而是由otherwise,but,or,without,butfor等來引導(dǎo)。Iwassobusythen,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelphim.IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(2011·天津高考)4．某些從句中虛擬語氣的用法(1)表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等含義的動(dòng)詞后賓語從句和同位語從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣，形式為：(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：advise勸告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist堅(jiān)決要求，prefer寧愿，urge主張，order命令，recommend勸告；建議，request要求，require要求，suggest建議，以及這些詞的名詞形式。Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010·福建高考)(2)wish后跟賓語從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)對過去情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對將來情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋would＋動(dòng)詞原形—Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?—Nexttonothing.IwishIhadworkedharderatEnglish.(3)wouldrather后跟從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.(2010·江蘇高考)(4)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語氣。Itishightimethatpeoplelearnt/shouldlearnEnglish.(5)在asif從句中，看語境是否與事實(shí)相反而選擇是否使用虛擬語氣。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Shetalkedaboutitagainandagainasifshewouldneverend.(6)ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。Lookatthetroublewe’rein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice![針對訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞1．(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.2．(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?Youcan’thavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.3．(2013·陜西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.4．(2013·湖南高考)Hecouldn’tsleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.5．(2013·安徽高考)Itcouldn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.6．(2013·重慶高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butImightgototheRollingStonesconcert.7．(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild,IcouldwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.8．(2013·北京高考)—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon’tknow.Itmightdo.9．(2013·遼寧高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemust_have_drunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.10．(2012·全國卷Ⅱ)I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIcanfindthemoney.11．(2012·遼寧高考)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool.12．(2012·重慶高考)—Mustyouinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?—SorrySir,butit’surgent.13．(2012·江蘇高考)Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butwouldn’t(not)saywherehewas.14．(2011·新課標(biāo)全國卷)Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.15．(2011·江西高考)Weneedn’t(not)haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.16．—How’syournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’t(not)askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.17．(2011·陜西高考)Icouldn’t(not)havegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.18．(2012·四川高考)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIs