西北大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2012年西北大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解SectionOne（30points）Directions:Translatethefollowingabbreviations,specialnounsorterminologyfromEnglishtoChineseorfromChinesetoEnglishrespectively.(30points,1pointforeach)1．CPPCC【答案】中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議查看答案2．UNESCO【答案】聯(lián)合國教科文組織查看答案3．NASA【答案】美國國家航空航天局查看答案4．GATT【答案】關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定查看答案5．NGO【答案】非政府組織查看答案6．ISO【答案】國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織查看答案7．freetradezone【答案】自由貿(mào)易區(qū)查看答案8．hardcurrency【答案】硬通貨查看答案9．goldstandard【答案】金本位制查看答案10．compensationtrade【答案】補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易查看答案11．favorablebalanceoftrade【答案】貿(mào)易順差查看答案12．G-8【答案】八國集團(tuán)查看答案13．SecretaryofState【答案】國務(wù)卿查看答案14．AssociatePress【答案】美聯(lián)社查看答案15．TheTelegraph【答案】《每日電訊報(bào)》(英國)查看答案16．辛亥革命【答案】theRevolutionof1911查看答案17．廉租房【答案】low-renthousing查看答案18．綜合國力【答案】comprehensivenationalstrength查看答案19．經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型【答案】economictransformation查看答案20．妄自菲薄【答案】belittleoneself查看答案21．公誠勤樸【答案】Fairness,Integrity,DiligenceandSimplicity查看答案22．小康社會(huì)【答案】amoderatelyprosperoussociety查看答案23．農(nóng)業(yè)稅【答案】agriculturaltax查看答案24．非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】non-publicsectorsoftheeconomy查看答案25．政治體制改革【答案】reformofthepoliticalstructure查看答案26．民生問題【答案】people’swell-being查看答案27．實(shí)事求是【答案】seektruthfromfacts查看答案28．文化多樣化【答案】culturaldiversity查看答案29．和為貴【答案】Harmonyisthemostprecious.查看答案30．天人合一【答案】harmonybetweenmanandnature查看答案SectionTwo Passagetranslation(120points)1．TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese(60points)Hemingwayoncewrotethatcourageisgraceunderpressure.ButIwouldratherthinkwiththe18th-centuryItaliandramatist,VittorioAlfieri,that“oftenthetestofcourageisnottodiebuttolive.Forlivingwithcancerengendersmorethanpressure;itbegetsterror.Tolivewithit,tofaceuptoit—that’scourage.AfterIbecameill,IembraceduponmanythingsIhadbeenputtingoffbefore.IreadthebooksIhadsetasideforretirementandwroteonemyself,entitledtheArtofSurgery.MywifeMadeleineandItookmoreholidays.Weplayedtennisregularlyandcurledavidly;wetooktheboysfishing.WhenIreviewthesepastfewyears,itseemsinmanywaysthatIhavelivedalifetimesinceIacquiredcancer.OnmylastholidayintheBahamas,asIwalkedalongthebeachfeelingthegentlewaveswashovermyfeet,Ifeltpartoftheuniverse,evenifonlyaminusculeone,likeagrainofsandonthebeach.Ifonerealizesthatourtimeonthisearthisbutatinyfractionofthatwithinthecosmos,thenlifecalculatedinyearsmaynotbeasimportantaswethink.Whymeasurelifeinheartbeats?Whenlifeissodependentonsuchanunreliablefunctionasthebeatingoftheheart,thenitisfragileindeed.Theonlythingthatonecandependuponwithabsolutecertaintyisdeath.Ibelievethatdeathmaybethemostimportantpartoflife.Ibelievethatlifeisinfinitesimallybriefinrelationtotheimmensityofeternity.Ibelieve,becauseofmyreligiousfaith,thatIshall“returntotheFather”inanafterlifethatisbeyonddescription.Ibelievethatthoughmylifewasshortinyears,itwasfullinexperience,joy,loveandaccomplishment;thatmyownimmortalitywillresideinthememoriesofmylovedonesleftbehind,mother,brother,wife,children,dearfriends.IbelievethatIwilldiewithlovedonesclosebyand,onehopes,achievethatgreatgiftofGod—deathinpeace,andwithdignity.【參考譯文】海明威曾經(jīng)寫過，勇氣就是臨危不懼。不過，我更贊同18世紀(jì)意大利戲劇家維多利奧·阿爾菲利的觀點(diǎn)：“對勇氣的考驗(yàn)往往不是去死，而是要活。”身患癌癥，不僅帶來痛苦，而且引起恐懼。抱病生活，并敢于正視這一現(xiàn)實(shí)，這就是勇氣?；疾『?，我著手做以前擱置下來的許多事情。我閱讀了本來留到退休后才讀的書，而且還寫了一本題為《外科術(shù)》的書。我與夫人馬德琳度假更加頻繁。我們經(jīng)常去打網(wǎng)球，勁頭十足地在冰上溜石，還帶兒子們?nèi)メ烎~?；仡欉^去幾年，從許多方面來看，自從得了癌癥以后，我似乎已經(jīng)活了一輩子。上次到巴哈馬度假期間，我沿著海灘漫步，海浪輕輕撫揉著我的雙腳，此時(shí)此刻我驀然覺得自己與整個(gè)宇宙融為一體，盡管我微不足道，就像海灘上的一粒沙子。倘若人們意識(shí)到人生在世只不過是宇宙的時(shí)間長河中轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的一剎那，那么以歲月計(jì)算的生命就不會(huì)像我們所想的那樣重要了。何必以心跳來定生死呢？當(dāng)生命依賴于心跳這樣一種不可靠的功能時(shí)，它的確脆弱不堪。而只有死亡才是人們唯一可以絕對依賴的。我認(rèn)為死亡可能是人生中最重要的一環(huán)。我認(rèn)為與那漫長的永生相比，生命是極其短暫的?；谖业淖诮绦叛觯蚁嘈旁谖疑砗竽请y以描繪的時(shí)光里，我將回歸圣父。我相信，我的生命以年月計(jì)算，雖然是短暫的，但經(jīng)歷豐富，充滿了歡樂、愛情和成就；我將永遠(yuǎn)活在我所愛的人，即我的母親、兄弟、兒女和密友的記憶中。我相信，在彌留之際，我的親朋好友將陪伴在我身旁：我希望得到上帝的恩賜——帶著尊嚴(yán)，安詳?shù)馗鎰e人間。2．TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish(60points)和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的兩大主題，和平、發(fā)展、合作是不可阻擋的世界潮流。當(dāng)前，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，國際體系變革的要求突出，國際社會(huì)正面臨越來越多新的歷史課題。共同用好發(fā)展機(jī)遇，共同應(yīng)對各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，成為各國人民的愿望。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化成為影響國際關(guān)系的重要趨勢。不同制度、不同類型、不同發(fā)展階段的國家相互依存、利益交融，形成“你中有我、我中有你”的命運(yùn)共同體。人類再也承受不起世界大戰(zhàn)，大國全面沖突對抗只會(huì)造成兩敗俱傷。要以命運(yùn)共同體的新視角，以同舟共濟(jì)、合作共贏的新理念，尋求多元文明交流互鑒的新局面，尋求人類共同利益和共同價(jià)值的新內(nèi)涵，尋求各國合作應(yīng)對多樣化挑戰(zhàn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性發(fā)展的新道路?！緟⒖甲g文】Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorissuesoftoday’sworld.Peace,developmentandcooperationarepartoftheirresistibleglobaltrend.Theworldtodayismovingtowardsmultipolarityandeconomicglobalizationisgainingmomentum.Thereisagrowingcallforchangeintheinternationalsystemandtheworldisfacingmorehistoricalchallenges.Toshareopportunitiespresentedbydevelopmentandjointlywardoffrisksisthecommondesireofthepeopleoftheworld.Economicglobalizationhasbecomeanimportanttrendintheevolutionofinternationalrelations.Countriesofdifferentsystemsanddifferenttypesandatvariousdevelopmentstagesareinastateofmutualdependence,withtheirinterestsintertwined.Thishasturnedtheworldintoacommunityofcommondestinyinwhichthemembersarecloselyinterconnected.Anotherworldwarwouldbedisastrousforthewholeofmankind,andnoonewouldemergevictoriousinanall-outconflictbetweenbigpowers.Itshouldfindnewperspectivesfromtheangleofthecommunityofcommondestiny―sharingwealandwoeandpursuingmutuallybeneficialcooperation,ex