西南政法大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年西南政法大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解PartI.TranslatethefollowingEnglishterms,phrasesorabbreviationsintoChinese.(15points)1．carbonemission【答案】碳排放查看答案2．massmedia【答案】大眾傳播媒體查看答案3．boardofdirectors【答案】董事會(huì)查看答案4．shuttlediplomacy【答案】穿梭外交查看答案5．bubbleeconomy【答案】泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)查看答案6．industrialproperty【答案】工業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)查看答案7．microcredit【答案】微額貸款查看答案8．Trojanhorse【答案】特洛伊木馬查看答案9．UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署查看答案10．certifiedpublicaccountant【答案】注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師查看答案11．BBS【答案】電子布告欄（BulletinBoardSystem）查看答案12．CBD【答案】業(yè)務(wù)中心地區(qū)（CentralBusinessDistrict）查看答案13．GATT【答案】關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定（GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade）查看答案14．EU【答案】歐盟（EuropeanUnion）查看答案15．IOC【答案】國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)（InternationalOlympicCommittee）查看答案PartII.TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese(60points)PassageOne:(40points)TheCharteroftheUnitedNationsArticle1ThePurposesoftheUnitedNationsare:1．Tomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andtothatend:totakeeffectivecollectivemeasuresforthepreventionandremovalofthreatstothepeace,andforthesuppressionofactsofaggressionorotherbreachesofthepeace,andtobringaboutbypeacefulmeans,andinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandinternationallaw,adjustmentorsettlementofinternationaldisputesorsituationswhichmightleadtoabreachofthepeace;2．Todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnationsbasedonrespectfortheprincipleofequalrightsandself-determinationofpeoples,andtotakeotherappropriatemeasurestostrengthenuniversalpeace;3．Toachieveinternationalco-operationinsolvinginternationalproblemsofaneconomic,social,cultural,orhumanitariancharacter,andinpromotingandencouragingrespectforhumanrightsandforfundamentalfreedomsforallwithoutdistinctionastorace,sex,language,orreligion;4．Tobeacentreforharmonizingtheactionsofnationsintheattainmentofthesecommonends.Article2TheOrganizationanditsMembers,inpursuitofthePurposesstatedinArticle1,shallactinaccordancewiththefollowingPrinciples:1．TheOrganizationisbasedontheprincipleofthesovereignequalityofallitsMembers.2．AllMembers,inordertoensuretoallofthemtherightsandbenefitsresultingfrommembership,shallfulfillingoodfaiththeobligationsassumedbytheminaccordancewiththepresentCharter.【參考譯文】聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章第一條聯(lián)合國(guó)之宗旨為：一、維持國(guó)際和平及安全；并為此目的：采取有效集體辦法，以防止且消除對(duì)于和平之威脅，制止侵略行為或其他和平之破壞；并以和平方法且依正義及國(guó)際法之原則，調(diào)整或解決足以破壞和平之國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端或情勢(shì)。二、發(fā)展國(guó)際以尊重人民平等權(quán)利及自決原則為根據(jù)之友好關(guān)系，并采取其他適當(dāng)辦法，以增強(qiáng)普遍和平。三、促成國(guó)際合作，以解決國(guó)際屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化及人類(lèi)福利性質(zhì)之國(guó)際問(wèn)題，且不分種族、性別、語(yǔ)言或宗教，增進(jìn)并激勵(lì)對(duì)于全體人類(lèi)之人權(quán)及基本自由之尊重。四、構(gòu)成一協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)行動(dòng)之中心，以達(dá)成上述共同目的。第二條為求實(shí)現(xiàn)第一條所述各宗旨起見(jiàn)，本組織及其會(huì)員國(guó)應(yīng)遵行下列原則：一、本組織系基于各會(huì)員國(guó)主權(quán)平等之原則。二、各會(huì)員國(guó)應(yīng)一秉善意，履行其依本憲章所擔(dān)負(fù)之義務(wù)，以保證全體會(huì)員國(guó)由加入本組織而發(fā)生之權(quán)益。PassageTwo:(20points)Theobjectofthisessayistoassertoneverysimpleprinciple,asentitledtogovernabsolutelythedealingsofsocietywiththeindividualinthewayofcompulsionandcontrol,whetherthemeansusedbephysicalforceintheformoflegalpenalties,orthemoralcoercionofpublicopinion.Thatprincipleisthatthesoleendforwhichmankindarewarranted,individuallyorcollectivelyininterferingwiththelibertyofactionofanyoftheirnumber,isself-protection.【參考譯文】本文的目的是要力主一條極其簡(jiǎn)單的原則，使凡屬社會(huì)以強(qiáng)制和控制方法對(duì)付個(gè)人之事，無(wú)論所用手段是法律懲罰方式下的物質(zhì)力量或者是公眾意見(jiàn)下的道德壓力，都要絕對(duì)以它為準(zhǔn)繩。這條原則就是：人類(lèi)之所以有理有權(quán)可以個(gè)別地或者集體地對(duì)其中任何分子的自由行動(dòng)進(jìn)行干涉，唯一的目的只是自我防衛(wèi)。PartIII.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsorphrasesintoEnglish.(15points)1．全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)【答案】NPC(NationalPeople’sCongress)查看答案2．載人飛船【答案】mannedspacecraft查看答案3．《紅樓夢(mèng)》【答案】ADreamofRedMansionsorTheStoryoftheStone查看答案4．一國(guó)兩制【答案】OneCountry,TwoSystems查看答案5．孔子【答案】Confucius查看答案6．元宵節(jié)【答案】FestivalofLanterns查看答案7．溫室效應(yīng)【答案】greenhouseeffect查看答案8．經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化【答案】economicglobalization查看答案9．亞運(yùn)會(huì)【答案】theAsianGames查看答案10．下崗職工【答案】laid-offworkers查看答案11．中國(guó)結(jié)【答案】Chineseknot查看答案12．白色污染【答案】plasticpollution查看答案13．宏觀調(diào)控【答案】macro-control/macro-regulation/macroeconomicregulatory查看答案14．房地產(chǎn)【答案】realestate查看答案15．酸雨【答案】acidrain查看答案PartIV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)30年來(lái)，中國(guó)人民以一往無(wú)前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、綜合國(guó)力、人民生活水平都上了大臺(tái)階，中國(guó)的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。中國(guó)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了從高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制到充滿(mǎn)活力的社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開(kāi)放的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，人民生活從溫飽不足發(fā)展到總體小康，政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域也取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成就。在改革開(kāi)放的偉大實(shí)踐中，我們深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，在當(dāng)今世界日趨激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族要發(fā)展起來(lái)，就必須與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、改革開(kāi)放、著力發(fā)展、以人為本、促進(jìn)和諧?！緟⒖甲g文】Inthepast30years,resortingtoChinese’sindomitableinitiativeandthemagnificentinnovationpractice,Chinahasunswervinglyadvancedthereformandopening-upandsocialistmodernization.Chinahasundergonehistoricalchanges,whicharerevealedinthegreatprogressinChina’seconomicpower,aggregatenationalstrengthandpeople’slivingstandard.Ithasalsosuccessfullytransferredfromahighly-centralizedplannedeconomytoavigoroussocialistmarketeconomysystem,fromaclosedandsemi-closedeconomytoanall-aroundopenone.Thissignifiesagreathistoricaltransition.Owingtothefastdevelopment,Chinesepeople’slivingstandardhasgrownfromtheunder-subsistentleveltotheoverallwell-offlevel.AndChina’sachievementsinpolitical,cultural,socialconstructionhavewonworldwideattention.Throughthegreatpracticeofreforman