英語單詞詞性判斷

?單詞詞性判斷可以在詞義的理解及書寫句子方面幫助學(xué)生。名詞有四數(shù)：可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；限定與動(dòng)詞不可忘。四數(shù)加限定！1.1.a/an/the+(adj.)+名詞;Smiths2.adj.+名詞；3.adv.+adj.+名詞；?4．介詞+名詞；?5．形容詞性物主代詞+名詞；?6.數(shù)詞+名詞；?7．缺的詞在句中為主語，表語及時(shí)練習(xí)1：a/thebook;therichthedisabledtheabigstone;alongriver;interestingbooksaveryhonestboyintheroom;underconstructionmysurprise;hishonestyfivegirls;賓語時(shí)多為名詞。 Theyhavebooks.1．Therehasbeena30%growthinthe （市場(chǎng)）forpersonalcomputers.3．Hehasdiscoveredalotof （發(fā)現(xiàn)）inscience.5．IamsorrythatIcan'tattendthe （講座）onAmericanhistory.6．Shestartedasasuccessfulmerchantbutendedupasa （乞丐）.Therewasasurprised （表情）onherface.8．Ourcityhasexperiencedgreat （變化）inthepastfewyearsPleasegivemy （祝賀）whenyouseeher.Jacktookadeep （呼吸）andthendivedintothewater.11.01iverwasunabletogivepolicea （描述）ofhisattack.12.Thecarwasa （廉價(jià)貨）attheprice.動(dòng)詞—名詞練習(xí)：achieve add argue arrive respond retire rude save sail sell 1.market3discoveries5.lecture6beggar7.expression8changes9.congratulations10.breath11.description12.bargain及時(shí)練習(xí)2：指出下列文中的名詞：Intheearly1990s,theword“Internet”wasstrangetomostpeople.Buttoday,Internethasbecomeausefultoolforpeopleallovertheworld.MaybeInternethasbeenthegreatestinventioninthefieldofcommunicationinthehistoryofmankind（人類）.CommunicatingwithothersontheInternetismuchfaster.Wecanchatwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworld.Wecane-mailourfriendsandtheycanreadthee-mailswithinaminute.GivingallkindsofinformationisprobablythebiggestadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanusesearchenginestofindtheinformationweneed.Justtypeinakeywordorkeywordsandthesearchenginewillgiveusalistofsuitablewebsitestolookat.WecanenjoyalotontheInternetbydownloadinggames,visitingchatroomsorsurfing（瀏覽）websites.Therearesomegamesforfree.Wecanmeetnewandinterestingpeopleinthechatnow.Wecanalsolistentomusicandseefilms.怎樣確定名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；可數(shù)或不可數(shù)§確定名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的方法：由名詞前面的數(shù)詞：1.Ihaveseveral （書）ontheshelf.2.Thisbuscancarry60 （乘客）.2．由名詞后的動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)（即主謂一致）:The （建議）arereasonableandsomeofuswillacceptthem.由句意：Our （教授）heldameetingabouthowtoimproveourEnglish.Whatisthebest-knownchainoffast-food （餐館）intheworld.※及時(shí)練習(xí)3：判斷下列名詞正誤：Theyoftenhavefish,meatandvegetableforsupper.Mrs.Smithgetswellalongwithherneighbor.Theyhadonlythreemealofsoupeveryday.DickenswroteOliverTwistintheyear1837-1838.Hisnewplaywasagreatsucceed.Theanimalsareusefultothedesertpeopleinmanyway.Asheexploredthesea，hetookpictureandvideosofmanythingthatpeoplehadneverseenbefore.Theyweregivenkindsofbreakfast，andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.Schoolchildwalkedwiththeirshirts，coatsandanythingelsetheycouldfindpulledupovertheirnose.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdisease.Toomanytreeshavebeencutthisyears.Theyusecamelsforcarryingwater，food，tentsandanotherthings.§確定名詞可數(shù)或不可數(shù)的方法：注意三類名詞：總是不可數(shù)的名詞：1）物質(zhì)名詞：furniture,equipment,2）抽象名詞：advice,progress,news,fun,truth,milk,ink,rice,…根據(jù)名詞本身的意義：1）物質(zhì)名詞：water（水Q,水域日）,rain（雨水甘，一場(chǎng)雨§）2）抽象名詞：experience（經(jīng)驗(yàn)U，經(jīng)歷砂,pleasure（愉快U，樂事0,success（成功日，成功的人|0,failure（失敗0，失敗的人或事@）,pity（遺憾Q，遺憾的事@）,surprise（驚訝R，驚訝的事日），個(gè)體名詞總是可數(shù)名詞：book,desk,限定詞：限定詞是位于名詞或名詞詞組之前，對(duì)他們?cè)谔刂浮⒎褐富驍?shù)量等方面起限定作用的一類詞。Sheshowedacertainelegance.Thejudgedivorcedthecouple.Hehasgotsomebrains（智慧）！

限定詞與形容詞的區(qū)別主要是：限定詞只對(duì)名詞起限定作用（有些限定詞也可用作其他詞性，如代詞等），而形容詞則描述名詞的特征、狀態(tài)等：Welivedinsmallhouse.fWelivedinasmallhouse.house是個(gè)體名詞，一般來說，個(gè)體名詞是可數(shù)名詞，有單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)形式的個(gè)體名詞（可數(shù)名詞）除在部分習(xí)語或固定搭配中外，一般不可單獨(dú)使用，須根據(jù)具體情況與冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞或其它限定詞連用,或使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。練習(xí)：改正下列錯(cuò)誤：1.SheshouldbeabletogetjobinEurope.3.Howdidaccidenthappen?3.Howdidaccidenthappen?5.Doyouhaveclassthis7.SheisEnglishteacher.Iwillgiveyouotherchancetoproveyourself.morning?6.ImportantproductofSouthAfricaarefruitandgold.由于動(dòng)詞在句中有謂語和非謂語兩種形式，可根據(jù)所缺單詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥砼袛啻颂幨欠駷閯?dòng)詞。一．一般情況下：1.is,am,are,was,were,?2.will（would）,can（could）,must,may,...3.has...,have...,had...，don't,didn't,doesn't...4.V+s:goes,likes,.5.動(dòng)詞原型：want/go/以上4項(xiàng)為確定的謂語動(dòng)詞。句中有了確定的謂語動(dòng)詞后其它的動(dòng)詞形如V-ing/todo/done（-ed）的為非謂語動(dòng)詞。YouwanttoknowaboutmystayinginAmerica,right?Well,totellyouthetruth,itisreallyaneye-openingexperiencetostudyhere.InChina,IhadEnglishclassesfivetimesaweeksincefifthgrade.However,Ididn'tknowhowdifferenttextbookEnglishcouldbefromeverydayEnglishuntilIcametoHotchkissSchool,Connecticut.WhenIfirststudiedEnglish,Iwastoldtosay,“Iamfine.”whenpeoplesay“Howareyou?”ButintheUS,Ifoundthatpeoplesay,“Iamgood.”or“I'mtired.”O(jiān)neday,someonegreetedmewith“What'sup?”Itmademeconfused.IthoughtforamomentandthensmiledbecauseIdidn'tknowwhattosay.謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷：主動(dòng)形式：如何主語實(shí)施了謂語動(dòng)作，意義完整，就是表達(dá)主動(dòng)關(guān)系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeinvitedtotheparty. （ ）Heinvitedmetotheparty. （ ）Hewasinvitedtotheparty. （ ）Hewasinvitedhimtotheparty.（ ）被動(dòng)形式：如果主語沒有實(shí)施謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作而是承受了該動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用be+done形式表示，只有過分只能表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Helookedthismorning. （ ）Theboytooktotheschool. （ ）Thepatientsenttothehospital. （ ）Theshocksandfirescausedbytheearthquakedestroyedthevillage.（ ）動(dòng)詞與名詞的判斷：I'mreadytomatchmystrengthagainstyours.我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好與你較量力氣。Hethoughthecouldbeatanyoneattennis,buthe'smethismatchinher.他以為他打網(wǎng)球所向無敵，但遇到她卻是旗鼓相當(dāng)。afootballmatch足球比賽Sheisthepictureofhermother.她活像她的媽媽。Itishardtopicturelifeahundredyearsago.我們很難想象一百年前人們的生活。Haveyouseenanygoodfilmslately?你最近看過什么好電影嗎？Thetelevisioncompanyisfilminginourtown.電視公司正在我們鎮(zhèn)上扌白片子。若所缺單詞為修飾語則考慮形容詞和副詞。形容詞的主要句法作用為表語和定語，用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞，據(jù)此可判斷所缺是否為形容詞；副詞一般主要用來修飾形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，據(jù)此可判斷所缺單詞是否為副詞。形容詞的學(xué)習(xí)：在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)該用形容詞：?a+adj+natallboy寫一寫： ?be+adj. Heistall.寫一寫： ?keep/find/make/think...itadj.to/that ?be+as+adj.+as do+as+adv.+as*beso/too/very/how/however+adj.（不用adv.）1）形容詞在句子中的句法作用及位置：⑴作定語時(shí)放在名詞的前面。形容詞修飾名詞。結(jié)構(gòu)：a/an/... 名詞LiMeiisabeautifulcitygirl. ThenewstudentcomesfromJapan. Myfather'scarisveryexpensive. TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting. ★少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語這些形容詞包括little,live（活著的）,elder,eldest等，只能作定語，不能作表語。例如：（正）Myelderbrotherisadoctor. （誤）MybrotheriselderthanI.（正）Thisisalittlehouse. （誤）Thehouseislittle.（正）Doyouwantlivefishordeadone? （誤）Theoldmonkeyisstilllive.★貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,daily,weekly,★后置的情況：①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如：Somethingseroushashappenedtohim.（他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故）Everyminutethereis goingonhere.A.excitingsomethingB.somethingexcitingC.excitinganythingD.anythingexcitingThisriverisabout5feet .A.deepB.widelyC.depthD.length⑵作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)：連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞。如:Theideasoundsgreat.連系動(dòng)詞主要有：be（am,is,are）,look（看起來）,sound（聽起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（感到，摸起來）.結(jié)構(gòu):look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/.形容詞look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/...副詞（-ly/very/so/...）+形容詞Thesouptastedverydelicious.★少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語這些形容詞包括ill,asleep,awake,alone,afraid,well,worth,glad,unable等，只能作表語，不能作定語。（表語形容詞）例如:（誤）Mr.Liisanafraidman.（誤（誤）Mr.Liisanafraidman.（誤）Thisisanillperson.（誤）Thatisaworthbook.（正）Theoldmanwasillyesterday.（正）Thisplaceisworthvisiting.練習(xí)：判斷下列形容詞所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?asmallGermantown 2.alightbluesweater 3.It'snothingserious.Hefeelslonely. 5.Tomistall 6.Johnlookssohappy.Themanlookedatmewitha smile.A.friendB.friendsC.friendlyD.friendlilyTheneighborsvisittheoldman,sohedoesn'tfeel atall.A.friendlyB.lovely C.lonely D.livelyB.wonderfullyC.wellD.4.Theflowersinthegardensmell .A.nicelynice5.The boyhasbeeninhospitalforamonth.A.illB.sickC.afraidD.alone6.Don'teatthemeat.Itsmells .A.terribleB.badlyC.deliciousD.good7.Hereisa mouse.Wasitkilledbyyourcat?A.dieB.diedC.deathD.deadE.deadly8.Marylooks athome.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappyMarylooks atthemodelintheroom.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappy9.Ihave todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething10.Whata cough！Youseem ill.A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terribleC.terrible，terrible D.terribly，terribly⑶作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)放在賓語之后。如::Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.★keep/find/make/think+賓語+形容詞（作賓補(bǔ)）練習(xí)：1.Youmustkeepyoureyes whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.closeB.openC.closedD.openedWeshouldtryourbesttomakeourlife .A.wellB.beautifullyC.wonderfulD.bad改錯(cuò)：1.I'msurewe'llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.Theroomissonoise.Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.I'msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingseriously.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.⑷.“the+形容詞”用作主語及賓語，作主語時(shí)用作復(fù)數(shù)。ThedeadthelivingtherichthepoortheblindthehungryTheoldoftenthinkofoldthings.老年人經(jīng)常回想往事。Thenewalwaystaketheplaceoftheold.新生事物總是會(huì)取代舊的事物。1)Therich oftengreedy.A.areB.isC.was D.wereThepoorarelosinghope.副詞的學(xué)習(xí)、用來說明事情發(fā)生時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。1、副詞的分類：（見下表）時(shí)間副詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today,tomorrow,yesterday,now,then,early,late,once,soon,just,tonight,long,already,yet,before,ago,later,eversinceafter,wheneverfirst,someday,sometime,last,oncetwicealwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever(seldom)everhere,there,home,below,anywhere,above,outside,in,inside,out,back,up,downaway,off,far,near,nearby,wherevereverywhere,very,too,enough,rather,quite,how,so,much,just,nearly,onlyalmost,hardly,aslongas等，even,all,alittle,abitwell,hard,alone,fast,together,suddenly,how,where,when,why,whetherhowever,etc.too,also,nor,so,as,on,off,either,yes,no,not,neithermaybe,perhaps,certainly,-ly結(jié)尾的副詞關(guān)系副詞以-ly結(jié)尾的詞大都疋副詞where,why,when,副詞的用法：1、 修飾動(dòng)詞：singhappily,greetsb.politely,talkloudly,listencarefully,rainheavily,singnicely2、 修飾形容詞:badlyill,trulysorry,reallysorry副詞的構(gòu)成：大多數(shù)情況下由形容詞+ly： quiet---quietly correct---correctlypolite---politely以le結(jié)尾的形容詞：-—y terrible一terribly,gentle一gently，(im)possible一(im)possibly,comfortable一comfortably,simple一simply以y結(jié)尾的形容詞：-y—ily：easy---easilyhappy---happilyheavy---heavily一些形容詞本身也是副詞：long,early,fast,hard，straight部分形容詞和副詞是兩個(gè)完全不同的詞：good一well二、寫出下列形容詞的副詞：1.bad2.bright3.careful4.clear5.soft6.correct7.excited&free9.loud10.neat11.slow12.close13.polite14.nice15.possible16.fortable18.terrible19.simple20.angry21.happy22.heavy23.noisy24.easy25.hard26.fast27.good28.true29.late三、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：★（副詞可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，也可放句首修飾整個(gè)句子。）1）修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)放在該動(dòng)詞后（主要以方式副詞-ly或程度副詞為主）：It'srainingheavily.練習(xí)：1.Helookedatit again.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefullyPleasedoyourhomework .(careful)Theworkisn'thard.Icanfinishit .(easy)Thegirl'svoicesounds .Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.beautifullyThefiremenhavesavedtheboyfromthefire (successful).2)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在該詞前面。Youarequiteright.Don'tridetoofast.NeitherTomnorSusancanswimverywell.練習(xí)：1.Whata cough!Youseem ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terrible,terriblyThecheesecaketastedso thatthekidsaskedformore.A.deliciousB.wellC.badD.badly—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack'sorTom's?一Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdraws Tom.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.betterthan D.worsethanThechildrenalllooked atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sadThismathproblemis andIcandoit .A.easy,easilyB.easily,easilyC.easy,easyD.easily,easyThiskindofcaketastes .A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell四、填入正確的形容詞或副詞(注意區(qū)分形容詞與副詞，名詞與副詞，名詞與形容詞)Sheisgoodatswimming.Shecanswimvery (good).The (early)birdsgettheworms(蟲).So,wehavetogetup (early).Dickwalkedintothelivingroom (quiet).4.Susanlooked (happy)attheparty.Marielooks (happy)atthecat. 6.A (hard)workerworks (hard).The (careful)driverdrives (careful).Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday. (luck),therewasnomoneyinit.Mobilephonesare (wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.Heputonhiscoatandwentout (quick).Sheis (good)thanLiPingatswimming.AlotChinesepeopleare (pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA.一nemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.一Right.Thegovernmentspoke ofthat.(high)Allieaskedme (polite)toputthethingsaway.It'ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive (careful).一Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!一The ,thebetter.(cheap)I'mshortofmoney,yousee.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It'sthesecond (large)islandinChina.五、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空J(rèn)ackgetup todaythanyesterday.(early)

Pleasedoyourhomework .（careful）Heistootiredtogoany .（far）LeLeiruns （fast）thanI,buthedoesn'trunas （fast）asmybrother.ExerciseFiveis thanExerciseFour.（difficult）Heismuch thanI.（thin）Thereis waterintheglassthanthebottle.（little）Hehasbeenillforfewdays.Hefeelseven today.（bad）Lasttermhestudiedhard.Heisgoingtostudy thisterm.（hard）改錯(cuò)：*Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention.*Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.*Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.I'msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingmoreseriouslythanoverwork.Thenewheadmasterismuchmoreyoungerthantheoldone.WithouttheInternet,we'llfinditconvenienttocommunicatewithothers.5.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.Peopleathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.You'llneverimaginehowgoodhe'sdoinginhisstudieshereinCambridge.Weeatsimpleathomeanddonotwanttospendlotsofmoneyonfood.Theylistenedtohis