鐮序竹屬一新種中國竹亞科鐮序竹屬一新種匍匐鐮序竹

鐮序竹屬一新種中國竹亞科鐮序竹屬一新種匍匐鐮序竹

2004年2月，作者對福建廈門地區(qū)的竹子進行了調查和分類，尤其是廈門植物園建園40多年來種植的竹子進行了植物采集和生產。該花園于1976年引入貴州竹芽苗。該植物栽植于廈門園林植物園標本樓庭院,沙壤土,水肥條件較好,2004年2月見少量開花,2005年3–4月大量開花,4–5月結果(現(xiàn)育有竹苗),10–11月母竹即枯死。作者原將該竹定為壩竹Drepanostachyummicrophyllum(Hsueh&Yi)Kengf.exYi,并對其繁殖器官進行了補充描述(陳松河,王振忠,2004)。后來隨著研究材料的豐富和研究工作的深入經仔細查對相關文獻資料和核對近緣種標本,發(fā)現(xiàn)該竹雖然與壩竹相似,但其植株整體形態(tài)及竿、竿節(jié)、竿籜、葉、葉舌、葉鞘等特征均與后者有明顯的區(qū)別,其繁殖器官也與近緣竹種有明顯區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)其營養(yǎng)器官和生殖器官的特征確定該植物為鐮序竹屬DrepanostachyumKengf.一新種。匍匐鐮序竹新種圖1DrepanostachyumstoloniformeS.H.Chen&Z.Z.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.1SpeciesnovahaecDrepanostachyomicrophyllo(Hsueh&Yi)Kengf.exYiaffinis,sedstirpibuslianissimillimis,culmisstoloniformibusgracilibus3–6mmdiam.25–55-nodibusparietibuscirc.1mmcrassis,internodiisbasalibus5–9cmlongismedianis13–18cmlongisintranodiis1–2mmlongis,ligulavaginaecirc.0.5mmaltaapiceciliiscirc.2mmlongisobtecta;foliorumligulistruncatiscirc.3mmlongisciliiscirc.4mmlongisobtectispropematuritatem2–6cmlongis0.3–0.6cmlatis,earumnervissecundariis3–4-jugisdiffert.Rhizomasympodiale.Culmilianissimiles,3–5mlongi,3–6mmdiam.,parietibuscirc.1mmcrassis,25–55-nodes,internodiisbasalibus5–9cmlongismedianis13–18cmlongiscylindricisviridulisvelflavo-virentibusprimoleviterfarinosisdemumglabrisnitidis;nodvaginarumprominentes,residuisbasiumvaginaruminstructi,glabri;nodiculmorumaliquantoprominentes,intranodiis1–2mmlongis.Vaginaeculmoruminternodiisbreviores,longetriangulatae,crassepapyraceae,cinereo-fulvae,apice1–2mmlatae,dorsolaeves,glabraeconspicuelongitudinaliterstriatae,marginemembranaceae;auriculaenullae;ligulaetruncataevelleviterrecavae,circ.0.5mmaltae,apiceciliiscirc.2mmlongisobtectae;laminaereflexae,subulataevellineari-lanceolatae,glabrae,basirotundatae,apiceacuminatae,margineinvolutae;ramiadquemquenodum5–14fasciculati,interdumramusprimarius1innumeroarrectus,culmissubaequicrassus,ramislateralibusgracilioribus,circ.0.4mmdiam.,nodisramorumetnodisvaginarumconspicuioribus,internodiiscirc.0.5mmlongis.Folia3–10inquoqueramulo;vaginaefoliorumglabrae,2–6cmlongae,marginetenues,purpurae;auriculaenullae;ligulaetruncatae,circ.3mmlongae,supernemargineserrulataeetciliatae,ciliiscirc.4mmlongis;laminaepapyraceae,angustelanceolatae,juventute4–11cmlongae,0.8–2cmlatae,maturitate2–6cmlongae,0.3–0.6cmlatae,supernevirides,subtusviridulae,utrinqueglabrae,apiceacuminatae,basiattenuatae,nervissecundariis3–4-jugis,nervillistransversisobscuris,margineserrulataenecnonscabrae;petioli1–2mmlongi.Ramifloriferi100–200cmlongi,adnodosdenuofurcati;racemivelpaniculaesimplices;rhachesgracilesundulato-flexuosae,4–17mmlongae;bracteae2,chartaceae;spiculae3–4-florae,virideslaxae,12–15mmlongae;pedicellisgracilibus,undulato-flexuosis,longissimis17–19mmceteris6–15mmlongisvelnullis;rhachillaearticuliglabri,clavati,1–2mmlongi,aliquantocompressi,apiceinflati;glumae2,membranaceae,4–6mmlongae,prima3–5-nervis,secunda4–5-nervis;lemmatalanceolata,7–11mmlonga,3–4mmlata,7–9-nervia,glabra,apiceacuminata;paleae8–9mmlongae,3–4mmlatae,dorso2-carinatae,apicebifidae;lodiculae3ovatae,piliferae;stamina3,4–5mmlonga;ovariumlongeellipticum,glabrum,circ.4mmlongum,breviterstipitatum;stylusbrevis;stigmata3,plumose.Caryopsisangusteoblonga1–1.2cmlonga,2.5–2.7mmdiam.,brunnea,pericarpiocrassioreglabro7–11-carinatoventralimanifestasuturabasiacuta,apicestylibasipersistenterostriformiinstructo,albuminecopiosoalbo.MartioetAprilifloret.TurionesAugustacrescentes.China.Fujian(福建):Xiamen(廈門),XiamenBotanicalGarden(XMBG)(廈門園林植物園),alt.110–200m,2004-02-18,S.H.Chen(陳松河)2004-002(holotype,PE;isotypeXMBG),2004-02-20,S.H.Chen(陳松河)2004-003(XMBG)。地下莖合軸型。竿藤本狀,叢生,長3–5m。全竿具25–55節(jié),基部數(shù)節(jié)節(jié)間長5–9cm中部節(jié)間長13–18cm;直徑3–6mm;竿壁厚約1mm;節(jié)間圓筒形,淡綠色或黃綠色,幼時微被白粉,老時無毛,有光澤;籜環(huán)隆起,具籜鞘基部的殘留物,無毛;竿環(huán)稍隆起節(jié)內長1–2mm?；X鞘短于節(jié)間,長三角形,厚紙質,灰褐色,先端寬1–2mm,背部光滑無毛,縱脈紋明顯,邊緣膜質;籜耳無;籜舌截形或微下凹,高約0.5mm,先端具長約2mm的纖毛;籜片外翻,錐形或條狀披針形,無毛,基部作圓弧形向內收窄,先端漸尖邊緣內卷;竿每節(jié)簇生5–14枝,有時具1枚較粗的主枝,枝上舉,直徑與主竿相近,側枝較細,直徑約0.4mm,枝環(huán)與籜環(huán)較明顯,側枝節(jié)內長約0.5mm。葉在每小枝有3–10枚葉鞘無毛,長2–6cm,邊緣質薄而略帶紫色;葉耳無;葉舌截形,高約3mm,上緣具細鋸齒和長約4mm的纖毛;葉片紙質,窄披針形,在幼竹時長4–11cm,寬0.8–2cm,在成竹時長2–6cm,寬0.3–0.6cm,上面綠色,下面淡綠色,兩面均無毛,先端漸尖,基部漸窄葉柄長1–2mm,次脈3–4對,小橫脈不明顯,葉緣具細鋸齒而粗糙?；ㄖ﹂L100–200cm節(jié)上可再分具花次生枝;花序為總狀花序或簡單的圓錐花序;花序軸較明顯,纖細而有波曲,長4–17mm;基部托有2苞片,紙質;小穗含3–4朵小花,綠色,其排列較疏松,長12–15mm;小穗有柄或無柄,具柄的柄纖細,呈毛發(fā)狀,有波曲,其中一最長者達17–19mm,其余的長達6–15mm;小穗軸節(jié)間無毛,呈棒狀,長1–2mm,體稍扁,先端膨大作寬淺杯狀;穎2,膜質,長4–6mm,第一穎具3–5脈,第二穎具4–5脈;外稃呈披針形,長7–11mm,寬3–4mm,7–9脈,無毛,先端漸尖;內稃長8–9mm,寬3–4mm,背部具2脊先端淺二裂;鱗被3,卵形,有毛,緊貼子房基部;雄蕊3,長4–5mm;子房長橢圓形,無毛,長約4mm,具短柄;花柱短,柱頭3,呈毛刷狀;穎果為細狹的長圓形,長1.0–1.2cm直徑2.5–2.7mm,棕褐色,果皮較厚,種皮無毛,具7–11脊,腹溝明顯,基部尖,頂端殘存有花柱基部形成的喙,胚乳豐富、乳白色?；ㄆ?–4月。筍期8月。本種