2023年自考類英語自考英語詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年自考類英語自考英語詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Whichofthefollowingdictionariesisnotabilingualdictionary?______A.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglishwithChineseTranslation.B.ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.C.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.D.AChinese-EnglishDictionary(1995).2.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto______.A.extra-linguisticcontextB.grammaticalcontextC.lexicalcontextD.homonymy3.avariationofanidiom4.Linguisticcontextcanbefurtherdividedinto______contextandgrammaticalcontext.5.Thepairofwords"respectable"and"respectful"hasthe______senseoftransferrespectively.A.subjective,objectiveB.objective,subjectiveC.objective,objectiveD.noneoftheabove6.Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordstoillustratesemanticfeaturesandgrammaticalfeaturesofcompounds.

Group1:"agreenhand","flowerpot"

Group2:"bad-mouth","new-borns"7.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.

dishearten,idealistic,unfriendly8.Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,______andtransfer.9.Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternal______ofthewholesetalter.10.Theword"beg"comesfromtheword"beggar".Suchawayofcreatinganewwordiscalled______.A.suffixationB.clippingC.blendingD.back-formation11.Affixation,alsocalled______,isoneofthewordformations.12.semanticmotivation13.Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsare______.A.boundmorphemesB.freemorphemesC.allomorphsD.morphemes14.Theword"kowtow"inEnglishiscalledanalienwordbecause______.A.itisanewly-createdwordfromanotherlanguageB.ithasbeenassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguageC.ithasundergoneasemanticchangeD.ithasretaineditsoriginalpronunciation15."Decompose"and"unwrap"aretwoexamplesof______prefixes.16.Thesameidiommayshow______differenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.17.WhichofthefollowingprefixescanNOTbeusedtoindicatetimeandorder?A.Ex-.B.Fore-.C.Post-.D.Para-.18.Theambiguityinsentence"Shelikeswhiterosesandlilies."isdueto______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.grammaticalstructure19."Ex-student","foretell"and"post-election"contain______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixes20.Howdoyoudistinguishinflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes?21.Thesaltoftheearthisanexampleof______.A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.synecdoche22.Analyzeandcommentonthemeaningsofthefollowingsentencesandthenfindouttherightantonymsforeachfastrespectively.

A.Mygod,look,thisclockisonehourfast,asifwewereatTokyo.

B.Thecolorsaren'tfast,sobecarefulwhenyouwashthisshirt.

C.ThedelegationpaidafastvisittotheUnitedKingdomlastmonth.23.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone______whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.24.Thepairof"queer"and"odd"can,serveasanexampleof______.25.senserelations26.Englishlexicologyisa______orientedcourse.27.______areattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.InflectionalaffixesD.Noneoftheabove28.word-formation29.InShakespeare'swell-knownHamlet,rivalmeans

"______"andjumpmeans"just".A.janitorB.partnerC.collectorD.observer30.Whatisaffectivemeaning?Whatarewordswithpositiveornegativeemotivevaluesusedtodenote?31.Themajorfactor(s)thatpromotethegrowthofmodernEnglishis/are______.A.thegrowthofscienceandtechnologyB.economicandpoliticalchangesC.theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguagesD.alltheabove32.ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled______.A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon33.SomepeopleholdthatShakespeareismoredifficulttoreadthancontemporarywritings.Doyouagreeordisagreetothiscomment?Stateyourreason(s)withatleastthreeexamples.34.Therootoftheword"internationalist"is______.A.inter-B.nationalC.nationD.-ist35.Thechangeofidiomfrom"fortune'swheel"to"thewheeloffortune"is______.A.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening36.TheIndo-EuropeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastand______.37.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion?Explainthemwithexamples.38.ScandinavianlanguagereferstoIcelandic,Norwegian,Danishand______.39.Conceptualmeaningisalsoknownas______meaning.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.senseD.lexical40.etymologicalmotivation41.Whatareacronyms?Pleaseillustrateitwithatleasttwoexamples.42.Wordscanbeclassifiedinto______wordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion.43."______"isnotmorphologicallymotivatedwords.A.BlackMarketB.AirmailC.Reading-lampD.Hpletesynonyms45.Whatkindofinformationisusuallyprovidedinageneral-purposedictionary?46.initialisms47.Extensionofmeaningisaprocessbywhichawordoriginallyhadaspecializedmeaninghasnowbecome______.48."Johnrantheeggandspoonrace."isambiguousdueto______.A.homonymyB.polysemyC.extra-linguisticcontextD.lexicalcontext49.Formsandfunctionsofidiomsare______.A.identicalB.notidenticalC.differentD.notnecessarilyidentical50.zeroderivation第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：C[解析]LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs《朗文動詞詞典》是一部專門詞典(specializeddictionary)，而不是雙語詞典(bilingualdictionary)。答案為C。2.參考答案：B[解析]Grammaticalstructurecanleadtoambiguity.語法結(jié)構(gòu)會引起歧義。本句可有兩種解釋，第一句是Thisfishiscookedorserved,soreadyforpeopletoeat(魚做好了或上桌了，可以吃了)，或者Thefishisreadytoeatthings(魚準(zhǔn)備好要吃食物了)。但是，假如說成Whatanicesmell!Thefishisreadytoeat，那么，fish一定是做好了可以吃了。答案為B。3.參考答案：(1)anidiomwithsomechangesinform;(2)usedinthesamemeaningorsimilarmeaning.4.參考答案：lexical[解析]題干譯文：語言語境可以分為什么語境和語法語境？Linguisticcontextcanbesubdividedintolexicalcontext(詞匯語境)andgrammaticalcontext(語法語境)。答案為lexical。5.參考答案：B[解析]本題中“respectable”的意思是“值得尊重的，讓人敬重的”；“respectful”的意思是“充滿敬意的”。因此，兩者分別具有客觀意義轉(zhuǎn)移和主觀意義轉(zhuǎn)移的特征。6.參考答案：Compoundsaredifferentfromfreephrasesinsemanticunity.Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.Forinstance,"agreenhand"isan"inexperiencedperson",notahandthatisgreenincolour.Themeaningofsuchexamplecannotbeeasilyinferredfromthetwocomponentsofthecompound.

Nevertheless,alotofcompoundsaretransparent,thatis,themeaningcanbeinferredfromtheseparateelementsofcompounds.Thecompound"flowerpot"canheanexample.Butthetwoelementsareinseparableandthechangeofelementwillresultinthelossoforiginalidentity.Acompoundtendstoplayasinglegrammaticalroleinasentence,forexample,averb,anoun,ofanadjective."Bad-mouth"usedasaverbcantakethethirdpersonsingular"-s"andthepasttensemarker"-ed",e.g.,"Hebad-mouthedme."Compoundscanshowtheirpluralformsbytakinginflectional"-s"attheend,e.g.,"new-borns".Ofcourse,thereareexceptionssuchasbrothers-in-law,lookers-on.Inspiteofthistheirsinglegrammaticalroleisapparent.7.參考答案：(1)Eachofthethreewordsconsistsofthreemorphemes,dishearten(dis-+heart+-en),idealistic(ideal+-ist+-ic),unfriendly(un-+friend+-ly);(2)Oftheninemorphemes,onlyheart,idealandfriendarefreemorphemesastheycanexistbythemselves;(3)Alltherestdis-,-en,-ist,-ic,-unandlyareboundmorphemesasnoneofthemcanstandaloneaswords.8.參考答案：elevation[解析]詞義變化有詞義的擴(kuò)大、縮小、降格、什么以及轉(zhuǎn)移?Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,elevationandtransfer.答案為elevation。9.參考答案：relations[解析]一門語言的詞匯處于持續(xù)不斷的變化中；舊詞被廢棄，而新詞增加進(jìn)來，而且隨著新詞取代舊詞，所以整個集合內(nèi)的內(nèi)部什么也在發(fā)生變化?Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternalrelationsofthewholesetalter.答案為relations。10.參考答案：D[解析]逆生法被認(rèn)為是后綴法的對立過程。如我們所知，后綴法是通過在詞基上添加后綴，而逆生法是通過除去假定的后綴而創(chuàng)造新詞的方法。“beg(乞討)”一詞就是這樣產(chǎn)生的。答案為D。11.參考答案：derivation[解析]詞綴法，又稱為什么，是構(gòu)詞法之一?Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation．答案為derivation。12.參考答案：Semanticmotivationisthementalassociationsbasedontheconceptualmeaningofaword,i.e.thefigurativesenseofawordsuggestedbytheliteralsense.13.參考答案：A[解析]Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound．不能獨(dú)立成詞的詞素叫粘附詞素。答案為A。14.參考答案：D[解析]非同化詞(alien)是從其他語言中借來的、保留了其原本的讀音和拼寫特征的詞。本題中“kowtow”一詞來自漢語“叩頭”，其發(fā)音仍和漢語接近。15.參考答案：reversative16.參考答案：stylistic[解析]同一條習(xí)語在不同意義時，可能會顯示出一些什么差異?Thesameidiommayshowstylisticdifferenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeanings.答案為stylistic。17.參考答案：D[解析]表示時間順序的前綴主要有：ex-，fore-，post-，pre-，re-等。“para-”的意思是“超越……”，是表示程度和大小意義的前綴。18.參考答案：D[解析]句子模糊或歧義的原因有：一詞多義、同音同形異義詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中white既可理解為修飾roses，不修飾lilies，又可理解為white修飾rosesandlilies，所以語法結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致歧義。答案為D。19.參考答案：C詞綴“ex-”，“fore-”，“post-”等是表示時間和順序的前綴。其中前兩個表示“在……之前”，“post-”表示“在……之后”。20.參考答案：Inflectionalaffixesareaffixes:(1)attachedtotheendofwords;

(2)toindicategrammaticalrelationships.Derivationalaffixesareaffixes:(1)addedtoothermorphemes;(2)tocreatenewwords.21.參考答案：B[解析]thesaltoftheearth意為“少數(shù)精英分子”，將salt(食鹽)比作精英分子，顯然是暗喻，即metaphor。答案為B。22.參考答案：Awordwhichhasmorethanonemeaningcanhavemorethanoneantonym.

SentenceAmeanstheclockisonehouraheadofthelocaltime,andtheantonymoffastisslow.

SentenceBmeansthecolorsareresistanttodestructionorfading,andtheantonymofthewordfastisloose.

SentenceCmeansthevisitwasaccomplishedinrelativelylittletime,anditsantonymislong.23.參考答案：headword24.參考答案：relativesynonyms25.參考答案：Awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtotheminsense,hencesenserelations.Thesubjectsthathavelongheldtheinterestandattentionofsemanticistsarepolysemy,homonymy,synonymy,antonymyandhyponymy.26.參考答案：theoretically[解析]題干譯文：英語詞匯學(xué)是一門具有什么性質(zhì)的課程。Englishlexicologyisatheoreticallyorientedcourse.答案為theoretically。27.參考答案：C[解析]Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes．加在詞尾表示語法關(guān)系的詞綴發(fā)生屈折變化，因此叫內(nèi)部屈折詞綴。答案為C。28.參考答案：Word-formationistheprocessofcreatingnewwordsfromthematerialavailableinthelanguageaccordingtocertainstructuralandsemanticformulasandpatterns.Thethreemajortypesofword-formationareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.29.參考答案：B30.參考答案：Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginconversation.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeandpejorativetype.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.31.參考答案：D科技的快速發(fā)展促使一大批新詞產(chǎn)生，社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的變化也帶來了越來越多的新詞。同時，其他文化和語言也對英語的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大影響。32.參考答案：B[解析]ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalledLatin.五個諾曼語族即葡萄牙語、西班牙語、法語、意大利語和羅馬尼亞語，都以拉丁語為中介從屬于意大利語族。答案為B。33.參考答案：Iagreetothiscomment.Shakespeare'sworksaremoredifficulttounderstandthancontemporarywritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferentsensesfromwhattheyhavenowincontemporarydailylife.Takehiswell-knownplayHamlet!asanexample."Rival"means

partner"asintherivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste";"jump"means"just"asin"Thustwicebefore,andjumpatthisdeadhour";"vulgar"means"common"asin"ascommonasanythemostvulgarthingtosense";

censuremeans"opinion"asin"Takeeachman'scensure,butreservethyjudgement".34.參考答案：C[解析]解答本題的關(guān)鍵是把握詞根和詞干的區(qū)別，詞根是可以接其他詞綴構(gòu)成新詞且不能再進(jìn)行細(xì)分的語法單位，而詞干則還可以再進(jìn)行細(xì)分。A、D兩項(xiàng)是詞綴，而B項(xiàng)是詞干。35.參考答案：B36.參考答案：India[解析]據(jù)估計(jì)，世界上約有3000(有人認(rèn)為有5000)多種語言。這些語言可以根據(jù)它們的基本詞匯和語法的相似性大致劃為300個譜系，印歐語系即是其中之一。該語系包括歐洲的大多數(shù)語言、近東諸語言和印度語。答案為India。37.參考答案：Whenadjectivesareconvertedintonouns,somearecompletelychanged,thusknownasfullconversion,andothersarepartiallychanged,thusknownaspartialconversion.Adjectiveswhicharefullyconvertedcanachieveafullnounstatus,e.g.,havingallthecharacteristicsofnouns,thatis,theycantake"a/an"or"-s/-es"toindicatesingularorpluralforms:anative,aRepublican,apairofshoes,finals.Adjectiveswhicharepartiallyconvertedcanstillkeepadjectivefeatures.Theyshouldalwaysbeusedwith"the",andtheycannottake"-s/-es"toshowpluralforms.Moreover,thewordscanhavecomparativeorsuperlativedegrees:thepoor,thepoorer,theyoung,theveryunfortunate.38.參考答案：Swedish[解析]日耳曼語族包括4門北歐語言：挪威語、冰島語、丹麥語和瑞典語。這4門語言統(tǒng)稱為斯堪的納維亞語。答案為Swedish。39.參考答案：A[解析]conceptualmeaningisalsoknown