2019外研社版高中英語必修一Unit 3 Family matters 知識清單(學生版)

閱讀單詞認讀studion.courtn.curtainn.jawn.extraadj.summaryn.median.throughoutprep.enormouslyadv.disqualifyv.重點單詞識記n.(書、劇本、電影等中的)人物,角色v.走近,靠近n.閑談,聊天v.(把……)集中(于)n.職業(yè),事業(yè)n.嘆氣,嘆息(尤因厭煩、失望、疲倦等)n.一代(人)n.差距,差別adv.現(xiàn)時,當前adv.經(jīng)常n.記憶,回憶adv.現(xiàn)今,現(xiàn)時n.胡須n.皮膚n.慢跑鍛煉adj.苗條的,修長的n.面頰,臉頰n.國家n.(尤指社會或政治方面的)議題;爭論的問題n.主題v.慶祝,過(節(jié)日、生日等)n.一系列n.活動(指演出、體育比賽、聚會等)n.作用,影響n.(報紙或雜志的)特寫adv.一般,通常adj.獨特的,與眾不同的(一般含褒義)n.風格n.細節(jié),細微之處v.包含,含有n.系列比賽n.跑道adv.明顯地,顯而易見地prep.盡管,雖然adj.全部的,整個的adj.好的,積極的num.許多,無數(shù)n.運動員,田徑運動員n.獎牌,勛章adv.用某種方法,不知怎的adv.當然,確實(用于強調(diào)陳述或回答)核心詞匯拓展__________n.律師→__________n.法律__________v.假定,假設(shè),認為→__________n.假設(shè),認為→__________conj.假定;假設(shè)__________v.&n.尊敬,敬重→__________adj.值得尊敬的;體面的→__________adj.恭敬的;表示敬意的__________v.忽視,不理→__________n.無知,愚昧→__________adj.無知的;愚昧的__________adj.職業(yè)的,專業(yè)的→__________n.職業(yè),專業(yè)→__________n.教授;講師;教員__________v.適合n.西服;套裝→__________adj.適合的;適宜的__________n.天賦,才能→__________adj.有天賦的__________n.選擇,可選擇的東西→__________adj.可選擇的__________adj.負有責任的,應(yīng)承擔責任的→__________n.責任__________v.力求達到n.目標;目的→__________adj.無目標的→__________adv.漫無目的地__________v.道歉→__________n.道歉__________n.重音,重讀→__________adj.焦慮的→__________adj.有壓力的__________n.強烈程度→__________v.加強→__________adj.強壯的__________v.欽佩,贊美,羨慕→__________adj.令人欽佩的→__________n.欽佩,羨慕__________v.判斷,認為→__________n.判斷力__________v.和解,結(jié)束(爭論)→__________n.移民;殖民者→__________n.解決__________adj.強有力的,有影響(感染)力的→__________n.權(quán)力;能力→__________adj.無力的;無能的核心短語速記求助于;轉(zhuǎn)向;變成集中注意力于……提高某人的嗓門為……自豪聽從某人的建議把……拋在后面對……有影響全心全意地從事intheleadendup時而;有時settleforadorevt.崇拜;愛慕advancevi.推進,促進;前進advantagen.優(yōu)點;好處advertisementn.廣告advocatevt.鼓吹;提倡affordvt.負擔得起(……的費用);提供agreementn.協(xié)議aggressiveadj.侵略的;有進取心的agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的agriculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)airlinen.航空公司,航線alarmn.&v.警報;警告GrandfatherandFather,seatedatthetable,areplayingchess.(v.-ed作定語)祖父和父親正坐在桌子旁下棋。Thinkaboutanothersituationinwhichyouneedtomakeanapologyandhaveasimilarconversation.(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句)考慮另外一個你需要道歉的情景并進行類似的對話。AlistairrantowardsJonny,caughthimandstartedpullinghimtowardsthefinishline.(并列謂語)阿利斯泰爾跑向喬尼,抓住他,并拖著他跑向終點。ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo句式,todo主動形式表被動意義)但是對阿利斯泰爾而言,他的決定很容易解釋：……Mumwouldn’thavebeenhappyifI’dleftJonnybehind.(if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句)要是我撇下喬尼,媽媽肯定會不高興的。Atthatmoment,hewasnolongeranathleteaimingforamedal—hewasjustabrother.(v.-ing作定語)在那一刻,他不再是一名想贏得獎牌的運動員——他只是一個哥哥。請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對答案并背誦該短文。focus,apologise,despite,observe,medal,range,containIadmiremyolderbrotherwhoisalawyer.Healways1.__________hisattentiononhisworkandrespectseveryonearoundhim.Heisveryprofessionalandindeedsuccessfulinhisfield.Whenchattingwithhim,youwillfindhimpositiveandresponsible.Heisverybusy,but2.__________this,heisatalentedmaninsports.Notonlydoeshelikeplayingbasketball,butalsohelikesjogging.Heregularlyparticipatesinsportseventsandevengetsagold3.__________.Therefore,heisslimbutstrong.EverytimeIseehim,Ican’t4.__________mythrill.ThoughIamalittlegirl,heneverignoresme.Instead,heispatienttochatabouta5.__________ofmattersreportedonthemediaandsharehisopinionswithme.Howeverbusyheis,healwaysremembersmybirthdayand6.__________itformeeveryyear.Ifhedoessomethingwrong,he7.__________tomesincerely.Ilikemybrotherandrespecthimverymuch.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯approachv.走近,靠近n.接近;通路;方法?beapproaching正在/將要接近with...approaching在……快到的時候?anapproachto(doing)sth(做)某事的方法/途徑;接近,靠近attheapproachof在快到……的時候Sofartheyhavediscussedthreenewapproachesto__________(keep)slim.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanykindsofbirdsflysouth__________theapproachofwinter.隨著期末考試的臨近,我變得越來越焦慮。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信),Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),approachn.),Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),approachv.)focusv.(把……)集中(于)n.焦點;焦距;中心focuson/upon...集中于……focusone’sattention/eyes/energy/effortson...集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于……thefocusofattention注意的焦點Peopleareunderstressnowadays.Therefore,healthproblemshavebecomeincreasinglythefocus__________attention.Becausehefocusedhisattentiononhishomework,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語),hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))assumevt.假定,假設(shè);設(shè)想;認為[assumptionn.假定,假設(shè);(責任的)承擔;(權(quán)力的)獲得]assumesb/sth(tobe)＋adj./n.假定/認為某人/某事(為)……Itisgenerallyassumedthat...人們普遍認為……assuming(that)...假設(shè)……ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeanassumption做出臆斷Hewasassumed__________(be)oneofthemostcommittedlawyersinhisfield.人們普遍認為慢跑對心肺有益。joggingisbeneficialtoheartandlungs.假如我被選為學生會主席,我將組織更多豐富多彩的課外活動來豐富我們的學校生活。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請信),Iwillorganizemorecolorfulafter-classactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.respectv.尊敬,敬重n.方面;尊重;敬意;問候(常用復(fù)數(shù))(respectableadj.值得尊敬的;體面的,得體的respectfuladj.表示敬意的,尊敬的)respectsbforsth因為某事尊重某人show/haverespectfor...尊重……ineveryrespect在各方面giveone’srespectstosb向某人問候/致意inrespectof＝withrespectto至于,關(guān)于,就……而言Iabsolutelyrespectthishonestman__________hiswillingnesstohelpothersintrouble.到家后,代我向你父親致意。Afterarrivalatyourhome,.在我們生活的許多方面,總有值得尊敬的人。關(guān)于我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的數(shù)學老師。(話題寫作之最尊敬的人)(2020·全國Ⅰ,書面表達),therearealways__________people.___________________________________________________________,Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.responsibleadj.負責的;有責任的(responsibilityn.責任;義務(wù))beresponsibleforsth對……負責takeresponsibilityforsth對……負責Itissb’sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的職責。Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youshouldbe__________(responsibility)forwhatyouaredoingandsetanexampletothefuturegenerations.Asanathlete,youshouldtakeresponsibility__________yourbehaviorsinthetrackandfieldevents.呼吁人們保護我們的環(huán)境免受污染是我們的責任。(應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書)toprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.aimn.目標;目的vt.&vi.瞄準;(向某方向)努力;力求達到;對準;目的在于(aimlessadj.無目標的)takeaimat瞄準……withtheaimof有……的目的aimat瞄準;目的在于aimsthatsb/sth用某物朝向/瞄準某人或某物aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……;力求達到……beaimedat目的是;旨在Iaim__________(try)outforatalentshowtoprovethatevenapersonwithnoarmsiscapableofplayingthepiano.I’mhere__________theaimofapologisingtoyouformyimpoliteness.我們將舉辦一次英語演講比賽,旨在豐富我們的課外活動和練習英語口語。(話題寫作之活動介紹)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,________________________________________________________________________________.(which引導(dǎo)定語從句)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,__________________________________________________________________.(分詞作狀語)apologisev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)makeanapologytosb(forsth)(因某事)向某人道歉owesbanapology應(yīng)向某人道歉apologisetosbforsth因為某事向某人道歉Obviously,thestudenthadnootherchoicebuttoapologisetohisteacher__________themistakehehadmade.Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldapologisetoherdeskmateforherbadbehavior.→Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshould.(apologyn.)星期五下午我不能和你一起去書店了,我應(yīng)向你道歉。(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)IthefactthatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;使平靜下來;安排;解決(settlementn.定居點;解決;移民settlern.移居者;殖民者)settledown(使)安定;安居;平靜下來settlein/into安頓下來;習慣于;適應(yīng)settledownto(doing)sth開始認真對待/做某事settlefor勉強接受,將就Havingsettled__________abeautifulvillage,hesettlesdowntohiswriting.Withthegovernment’said,millionsofpeopleaffectedbytheterribleearthquakehavemovedtothenew__________(settle).每天有許多艱難的問題要解決,我感到壓力很大。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信),Ifeelgreatlystressed.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))be＋adj.＋todo...ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...但是對阿利斯泰爾而言,他的決定很容易解釋：……在“be＋adj.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時,用主動形式表示被動意義。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形容詞有：interesting,hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,comfortable,cheap,expensive,pleasant等。即使這個問題很難解決,我也沒有放棄,因為我堅信“有志者,事竟成”。,Ididn’tgiveitupbecauseIfirmlybelievedthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway”.竹子與健康、富饒和幸福的家庭有關(guān)。它們很容易照料,也很容易制成精美的禮物。(2020·全國Ⅱ)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.They____________________andmakegreatpresents.(2022·全國乙)Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.除了經(jīng)常性的書面交流,還有其他選擇,比如留下語音信息或進行群聊。(2022·全國乙)Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.對它們的檢查越規(guī)律,鐵路的安全性、可靠性和準時性就越能得到改善。(2021·北京)Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.然而這些警示信息很可能會被忽視。我們都希望事情能有所好轉(zhuǎn)。(2020·新高考全國Ⅱ)Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.為了在森林里生存,動物必須攀爬、跳躍或飛越縫隙。(2020·天津)Makingafull-lengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!制作一個完整的黏土雕像不會耗盡我的體力——那是我試圖想做的事情！提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙observeA.看到；注意到B.觀察C.遵守D.慶祝Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyhomesickChinesestillobservetraditionalcustoms.Thescientistdevotedmostofhislifetimetoobservingthebehaviorofthechimps.CouldyoutellmehowyouusuallyobserveThanksgivingDayinyourcountry?Thethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Zactracksdownthemedal’srightfulowner,andreturnsit.__________Theministerissuedastatementtothepress.__________核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識__________(assume)thatIdothejob,Iwillshowmycreativityinanewway.Thegirlwenttopickupthebag__________(contain)hermedals,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.__________(judge)fromhisnegativeattitudetowardsmath,hemusthavesufferedanentirefailureintheexam.Oneoftheinteresting__________(feature)ofthecityistheoldmarket,impressingtouriststhroughoutthecountry.It’sanhonourtobehereandtosharewithyouthestoryofhowthe__________(profession)hasinspiredmycreativity.Wedon’thavetoreadtheseprofessionalbooks,becausetheyare__________(option).Nottheworkersbutthemanageristaking__________(responsible)forthesafetyofthehighwayunderconstruction.Toexpressmy__________(apologize),Iintendtobuyyouabrand-newdictionary.Thetalentedpainterwassoabsorbedinpaintingthathedidn’tnoticeevening__________(approach).After__________(chat)onlinewithher,IamawarethatherapproachtolearningEnglishisindeedeffective.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2021·北京)——因故周末不能赴約很遺憾我不能和你出去,因為我必須參加本周末由中學聯(lián)合會舉辦的辯論比賽。(v.-ed作定語)這次旨在拓寬學生視野、豐富學生生活的比賽對我很有吸引力。(aimtodo)我被選中代表我的學校參加比賽,在比賽中我可以展示我的語言技能。(“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句)老實說,這個機會確實很難得到,我想好好利用它。(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo)我再次為沒有按照承諾和你出去而道歉,如果你允許我另定時間,我將不勝感激。(apologisetosbfor)微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]動作描寫approachv.靠近chatvi.&n.聊天ignorevt.不理睬;忽視sighv.&n.嘆氣settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;解決;安排apologisevi.道歉judgev.判斷containvt.抑制人物描寫talentn.天賦responsibleadj.負責任的→responsibilityn.責任jawn.下巴beardn.胡須skinn.皮膚slimadj.苗條的[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)——母親節(jié)給媽媽驚喜看到亂七八糟的場面,爸爸驚訝地張口結(jié)舌。珍娜低下頭,淚流滿面,為此向爸爸道歉。一半驚訝,一半擔心,一種關(guān)心孩子們的責任感驅(qū)使父親擦去她的眼淚。然后,爸爸說：“讓我們一起做吧！”爸爸幫助他們成功地做了早餐。拿著早餐,雙胞胎在接近媽媽的房間時有點緊張。媽媽一睜開眼睛,她就無法控制自己的情緒?！爸x謝,親愛的！”她哽咽地說。Seeingthemess,Dad’sjawdroppedopen.Jennaloweredherhead,and,withtearsonhercheeks.Halfsurprised,halfconcerned,drovethefathertowipeawayhertears.ThenDadsaid,“Let’sdoittogether！”Dadhelpedthemandmadethebreakfastsuccessfully.Withthebreakfastinhand,thetwinswerealittlenervous.ThemomentMomopenedhereyes,she.“Thankyou,mydarling!”shechoked.詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共20分)The____________________downinahouseshapedlikeaship,tryingtoachievea__________withoutusingmilitaryforce.(settle)He__________tofindouttheanswerinthereferencebooks,butitwasnousereadingthebook__________.(aim)Inall__________ofourlife,therearealways__________peoplewhodeserveour__________.(respect)Inthisprofession,__________Smithdeservesourrespect,becauseheisindeed__________incommunicatingwithchildren.(profession)Theotherday,thelawyerboughtanew__________whichwas__________forhim.(suit)Althoughhewas__________,theworkmadehimsotiredthathedidn’thavethe__________towalkanyfurther.Hestillneededto__________hisbody.(strength)I’mafraidthatitisbeyondmy__________tomakea__________impactonthechildren.(power)__________fromhisexpression,the__________hisbrothermadeontheissuemadehimdissatisfied.(judge)I__________toherformybeingrude,butshedidn’tintendtoacce