2023-2024學(xué)年廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)部分學(xué)校高三（上）開學(xué)模擬考試英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)部分學(xué)校高三（上）開學(xué)模擬考試英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）ASince2017,ARTogetherhaspresentedover200workshops,camps,events,andgatheringspacesforimmigrantstomeet,connect,andbuildlastingconnectionsinthecommunity.BelowaresomeofARTogether'spastandpresentcommunityworkshopsandevents.Water-coloringWorkshopOrganizedincooperationwithStoryCenter,Water-coloringWorkshopisafreeonlinechannelaccessibletoimmigrants.TheseZoomworkshopsareacreativespaceforparticipantstopaint,chat,listentomusic,andsharestories.Y(our)Legacy:APrintmakingWorkshopThisisdesignedtogivehighschoolparticipantsacreativepracticetowardstheirpersonaljourneyofself-acceptanceandhealing.LedbyartistSenMendez,participantsgatheratOaklandInternationalHighSchoolandaregiventensmallblockstocreateavisualstoryaboutthemselves.Women'sCraftCircleARTogether'slongest-runningworkshopseries,theWomen'sCraftCircleseekstobringwomentogetherthroughthehealingpowerofcraft-making.IntheOaklandAsianCulturalCenter,participantsareabletorelaxinawelcomingspace,connectingthroughaloveforartandsharedexperiences.ExpressiveArtClassforKidsAtWestOaklandBranchLibrary,kidsaged6-11fromimmigrantbackgroundsexplorefuninteractiveactivitiessuchasfreedrawing,painting,andfreedancethatwillletyouthappreciateartwithoutpressureorstrictrules.Ineachclass,activityleadersfollowtheprincipleofguiding,nottelling,whichcreatesastress-freeenvironmentthatencouragescreativity.1.WhichworkshopisavailableforpeoplelivingoutsideOakland?A.Water-coloringWorkshop

B.Y(our)Legacy:APrintmakingWorkshop.

C.Women?sCraftCircle.

D.ExpressiveArtClassforKids.2.WhocansignupforY(our)Legacy:APrintmakingWorkshop?A.Visitingteacherinterestedinpainting.

B.Afemaleartistspecializingincraft-making.

C.Anexchangestudentintheinternationalhighschool.

D.

Anexperiencedlibrarianfromimmigrantbackgrounds.3.Whatdothelasttwoworkshopshaveincommon?A.Theytakeplaceatlocallibraries.

B.Theyrequirebasicdrawingskills.

C.Theyofferinstructionswithstrictrules.

D.Theyencourageinnovationorimagination.BAyoungDutchinventoriswideninghisefforttocleanupfloatingplasticfromthePacificOceanbymovingintorivers,usinghisnewfloatingmachinetocatchgarbagebeforeitreachestheseas.OnOctober26,BoyanSlatpresentedhissolar-powereddevice"Interceptor",

whichremovesplasticfromriversasitfloatspast."Weneedtoclosethetap,whichmeanspreventingmoreplasticfromreachingtheoceaninthefirstplace,"

hesaid,callingrivers"thearteries(動脈)thatcarrythetrashfromlandtosea."

Expertssay9milliontonsofplasticwaste,includingplasticbottles,bags,andtoys,flowsannuallyintotheoceanfromriversandstreams,endangeringlifeintheoceans.Themachinehasashapednosetoblockawaylargerfloatingwasteliketreetrunks.Itworksbyguidingplasticwasteintoanopeninginitsbow,aconveyorbelt(轉(zhuǎn)送帶)thencarriesthetrashintothemachinewhereitisdroppedintowastecontainers.Itsendsatextmessagetolocaloperatorswhocancomeandemptyitwhenit'sfull.ThreeofthemachineshavealreadybeenputintopracticeinIndonesia,MalaysiaandVietnam.MalaysiangovernmentofficiallzhamHashimwaspresentatthelaunchandsaidhewasdelightedtowitnesstheproject."Ithasbeenusedfor2monthsintheriverandit?sdoingverywell."

Slatsaid.1,000riversareresponsibleforsome80percentofplasticpouringintotheworld'soceans."Iwanttosettlethemallinthenextfiveyears.Thisisnotgoingtobeeasy,butimagineifwedogetthisdone,"

hetoldhisenthusiasticsupporters,"we'lltrulymakeouroceanscleanagain."JanvanFranekeroftheWageningenMarineResearchInstitutesaidthenewmachinelookspromising."Theyhavefinallymovedtowardthesourceofthelitter,"

hesaidinatelephoneinterview."Thedesign,fromwhatIcansee,isawesome."4.WhydoestheauthorquoteSlatandexperts'wordsinparagraph3?A.Tostresstheimportanceofrivers.

B.Toprovetheseverityofthepollution.

C.Toshowtheirinsightintotheproblem.

D.Toexplainthebackgroundoftheinvention.5.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresponsibilityoftheoperator.

B.Thefunctionoftheconveyorbelt.

C.Theworkingprincipleofthedevice.

D.Thecriticalroleoftheshapednose.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeSlat?A.Ambitiousandinnovative. B.Optimisticandhumorous.

C.Confidentandhonest. D.Talentedandproud.7.WhatdoesFranekerthinkofthenewmachine?A.Ittakestimetoimprove. B.Ithasabrightfuture.

C.Itsdesignisdisappointing. D.Itsappearanceisattractive.CAnyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslate—that'sanart,afrustratingart.Or,asideeffectofyourpersonalitytraits,scientistshavefound.Sowhatisitthatcausessomepeopletoconstantlymisstrains,makeittotheweddingjustafterthebride'sshownupandregularlyannoytheirfriends?Andwhyisitsohardforustofixit?"Thereareallsortsofpunishmentsforbeinglate,andtheparadoxisthatwearelateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequencesexist."

saidJustinKruger,asocialpsychologistatNewYorkUniversity.Oneofthecommonestreasonswhypeoplearefrequentlylateisthattheyfailtoaccuratelyjudgehowlongataskwilltake—somethingknownastheplanningfallacy(謬誤).Researchhasshownthatpeopleonaverageunderestimatethetimetocompleteataskbyasignificant40percent.Anothertraitisthatforever-late-comersaremorelikelytobemultitaskers.Ina2003studyrunbyJeffContefromSanDiegoStateUniversityfoundthatoutof181subwayoperatorsinNewYorkCity,thosewhopreferredmultitaskingweremoreoftenlatefortheirjob.Thisisbecausemultitaskingmakesithardertohavetheawarenessofwhatyou'redoing.Contealsodiscoveredthereisapersonalitytypethat'smorelikelytobelate.Whilehighlystrung(緊張不安),achievement-orientedTypeAindividualsaremorepossibletobepunctual.TypeBindividuals,however,whoaremorelaid-back(漫不經(jīng)心),haveahigherchancetobelate.Admittedly,knowingallofthisdoesn'tnecessarilyhelpfixtheproblem.Butscientistsarestartingtoworkonstrategiesthatcanslowlyimproveourpunctuality.Forpeoplewhoconstantlyunderestimatetasks,breakingdownanactivityintodetailedstepscanhelppeopleestimatehowlongsomethingwilltakemoreaccurately.Asforyourpersonalitytype,unfortunately,thereisn'tmuchyoucandotochangethat.Butacceptingthatyouneedtostruggleforitmayjusthelp.Acceptance,afterall,isthefirststeptochange.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"paradox"meaninparagraph2?A.Strategy. B.Argument. C.Solution. D.Puzzle.9.Whatisapossiblefeatureofforever-late-comers?A.Theyplantospendmoretimeonatask.

B.Theytacklemorethanonetaskatatime.

C.Theysufferfromconcentrationdifficulties.

D.Theyhavehighexpectationsforachievements.10.Whichadvicecanbegiventopeoplewhoarealwayslate?A.Learntoacceptwhoyouare.

B.Changeyourpersonalitytype.

C.Divideataskintosmallerones.

D.Keeptothetimetableaccurately.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Timemanagementcontributestosuccess.

B.Latecomersshouldbeseverelypunished.

C.One'salwaysbeinglateislinkedtopersonality.

D.Changingpersonalityhelpsimprovepunctuality.DNexttimeyou'rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall"culture".Inthepastcoupleofdecades,agrowingbodyofevidencehasshownthatanimalslikechimpsandbirdsshowbehaviorsoflearning.Ifwhattheylearnlastsforalongtime,itturnsintoatradition.Andcultureismadeupofmultipletraditions."Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostcomplexbehavioralabilities,nobody'sreallythoughttolookatcultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey'remostlydrivenbyinbornfactorsinstead,"

saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.Toprovethemwrong,Bridgesbuiltapuzzlebox,whosebaseheldthereward:adropofsupersweetsugarwater.Theboxwasdesignedwitharotating(旋轉(zhuǎn))topthatcanberotatedbypushingeitheronaredtabclockwiseorabluetabanti-clockwise.Somebeesweretrainedtopushtheredtabtogetthesugarwaterwhileotherspushedtheblueone.Then,thesetutorbeeswereplacedinsidedifferentcolonies(蜂群),alongwiththepuzzleboxes.Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab,theirfellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.Incontrast,inthecontrolgroupswithouttutors,thebeessometimeslearnedhowtoopentheboxes,butmostofthemwoulddoitonceortwiceandthenneveragain."Theyperhapshadn'tquitemadethelinkbetweentheirbehaviorandthe

reward,"Bridgessupposes."Manyofusconsiderourselvestoberatherspecial…becausewehaveculture,wecanlearnandwe?resocial,"

Bridgessays."Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebeealsohasculture,whichisanuncomfortabletruth:humanculture,oncethoughtunique,doesnotemerge'outoftheblue'

buthasobviouslybuiltondeepevolutionaryfoundations."12.Whatispeople'scommonattitudetobumblebeeshavingculture?A.Positive. B.Indifferent. C.Interested. D.Doubtful.13.WhydoesBridgesplacetrainedbeesinsidedifferentcolonies?A.Totesttheirlearningcapabilityinnewsettings.

B.Toseeiftheywillspreadthesecretoftheboxes.

C.Toevaluatetheirrulingpowerinvariousgroups.

D.Toobserveiftheywillsharetheirfoodwithpeers.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Itsappealtothepublic.

B.Implicationsonculturalorigins.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Suggestionsforfuturedirections.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HumanCultureIsLosingItsUniqueness

B.Bee'sBehaviorBuildsonBiologicalFactors

C.CultureMayBePresentAmongBumblebees

D.Animals'EvolutionMayStartFromColonies二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Feelingupsetisanormalpartoflife.Somethingstressfulmayoccureverywhere,andmakeyouangryoranxious.Wecan'tcontrolwhatishappeningaroundus.

(16)

Herearesomeusefulwaystokeepourcoolwhenwefeelfrustrated.

(17)

Conflictswithotherscanbedifficulttodealwith.Sometimesweneedtoleavefromtheunpleasantcondition.ItisOKtosay,"I'mgoingtotakeabreak"

andgoforawalkorfindaquietplacetositandcooloff.Thegoalistogiveyourselfsomespacetocalmdownandconsiderwhattodonext.DobreathingexercisestorelaxWhenwe'reupset,ournervoussystemwillspeedupourheartrateandmusclestense.Itpreparesthebodyasiftomeetanattack.

(18)

Ifpossible,findasafeplace,sitcomfortablyandfocusonyourbreath,breathingdeeplyandevenly.Mindfulbreathinghelpsuscalmourfeelings.LiftyourmoodwithlaughterLaughterrelievesthetensionwefeelwhendepressed.Wecanthinkofajokeorwatchavideothatalwaysmakesusroarwithlaughter.Afterward,youmaybeabletoliftthefogoffrustration.Makesurewhatyouuseisnotmean-spirited,though.

(19)

ChangeyourlanguageOncethingsappeardisappointing,manyofusmightpunishourselveswithunkindwords.Infact,itdoesn?thavetobethisway.

(20)

Forexample,insteadofsaying"Ialwaysmessthingsup,"

wecouldsay,"Imadeamistake,butI?lldoitbetternexttime."

A.KeepyourselfawayfromthenoiseB.RemoveyourselffromthesituationC.Weshouldturnnegativethoughtsintopositivestatements.D.Thosekindsofhumorcanactuallymakeusfeelmoredown.E.Thus,wecanbephysicallyandmentallyentertainedfromthat.F.Youcansoftensuchphysicalreactionbyusingpracticaltechniques.G.However,wecandecidehowwebehaveandreacttothetroublesweface.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共22.5分）JenifernowlivesinDetroit,USA.Shethinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoofthecountry'sbigproblems:garbageand

(21)

.It'scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentisaskingafavouroflocalsnack

(22)

.Ratherthanlitteryouremptychipbags,

(23)

themsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbags.Chip-eaters

(24)

theirbagsattwolocationsinDetroit,whereJeniferandher

(25)

collectthem.Ittakesaboutfourhoursto

(26)

asleepingbag,eachtakingaround300chipbags.The

(27)

isasleepingbagthatis"lightweightandwaterproof,"

Jenifertoldthemedia.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedover800,000chipbagsand,astolastDecember,

(28)

110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbe

(29)

toraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat'sonlyhalfthe

(30)

forJeniferandherfellowvolunteers."Wearedevotedtomakingadifferencenotonlysocially,but

(31)

,"

shesays.Ofcourse,there'sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould

(32)

landinthegarbageandusingthemtohelpthe

(33)

.Andit'ssurelya(n)

(34)

thatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsJenifertoldhourdetroit.com:"Ithinkit'stimeto

(35)

connectionsbetweenalloftheseissues."21.

A.food B.pollution C.poverty D.education22.

A.lovers B.producers C.deliverers D.salesmen23.

A.sell B.store C.hold D.donate24.

A.dropoff B.takeaway C.getin D.breakup25.

A.parents B.helpers C.classmates D.buyers26.

A.make B.fill C.decorate D.move27.

A.result B.order C.need D.requirement28.

A.distributed B.created C.delivered D.fixed29.

A.worse B.slower C.simpler D.harder30.

A.lesson B.time C.way D.goal31.

A.permanently B.spiritually

C.economically D.environmentally32.

A.never B.otherwise C.even D.still33.

A.campers B.strangers C.homeless D.seniors34.

A.belief B.reminder C.rule D.assumption35.

A.value B.research C.perfect D.show四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Whenitcomestofoodsthataremorethanworthyofbeingpostedalloversocialmedia,Chinesesugarpainting,atraditionalChineseformoffolkart,deservessometimeinthespotlight.Hotliquidsugarisused

(1)

(create)two-dimensionalfigureslikesmallanimals.Sugarartisprettypopular

(2)

children,butit'sbeautifulenoughtointerestanyone.Hotsugarispouredfromasmallspoonontoaflatsurfacewheretheoutlineofthefigure

(3)

(draw)withathickstreamofsugar.Then

(4)

(relative)thinnersugarisaddedtosupporttheoutlineandfillinthefigureofthebodyina

(5)

(combine)ofzig-zagsorotherpatterns,supportedbyawoodenstick."Painting"

artisticpiecesfrommeltedsugar

(6)

(differ)fromregularpainting.Becausethehotsugarcoolsdownveryquickly,thepainterhastoworkquickly,

(7)

(make)surehegetseveryshapejustright.Customerstraditionallyspin

(8)

arrowonawheel.Itlandsonacertainfigure

(9)

isinspiredbynatureorwildlifeinformsofadragon,fish,monkey,birdorflowerbasket.ThisancientSichuanartformmightnotbeascommon

asitoncewas,butitstillhasthepowertoamaze

(10)

(tourist)whocomeacrosstalentedstreetartiststhatmaketheseamazingcreations.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、任務(wù)型讀寫（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）37.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使其構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

ThewholeclassburstoutlaughingasMohirushedintotheclassroom.Hewasastrangesight.Hishalf-buttonedwhiteshirtrevealedaredstripedpajama(睡衣)topunderneath,andinsteadofwhiteschoolshoes,hehadonapairofbrightgreensandalsthatweretwosizestoobig.Thephysicsteacher'shandfrozeinthemiddleofwritingaformulaontheblackboard.

Mohimurmured,"Sorry,teacher,"andrushedtohisseat.Mr.Tanglaredattherestofthestudents.Thechuckles(咯咯笑)quicklydieddown.Mohi'sclassmatesalwayslookedforwardtoMondays.Ninetimesoutoften,theywouldbeentertainedbyMohi'slatearrivalandhisoddappearancewhichusuallyincludedinappropriateclothing.Thatday,itwasthepajamatopandgreensandals.

Mohilivedjustastreetawayfromtheschool.Hewalkedtoschooldaily.Studentspassingbyinbuseswouldyellhisnameatthesametimejusttoseehimjumpandstopsuddenly.Whenhespottedthemerrycrowdinthebus,hewouldwavegood-naturedly.AlthoughMohiwaslikable,hewastoolostinhisownthoughtstomakefriends.Hisclassmatesfoundhimamusingbuttheyignoredhimmostofthetime.OnlyHamed,whosatnexttoMohi,triedtobehisfriend.

ThefollowingMonday,Mohididnotturnupatschool.Hisclassmateswerealittledisappointedbutquicklyforgotabouthim.Afterschool,HameddecidedtowalkovertoMohi'shousetocheckonhim.Asheapproachedthegate,hecouldhearviolinmusic."Mohimustbelisteningtomusic,sincehehadneverplayedmusicatschool."Hamedthought.HecalledMohi'snameafewtimesbuttherewasnoresponse.Thegatewasnotlocked.Hamedlethimselfin.Themusicplayedon.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1:

AsHamedlookedcloselythroughawindow,hiseyeswidenedinsurprise.

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

WhenTeacher'sDaycamearound,HamedconvincedtheclasstoletMohiperform.

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）38.假定你是李華。外教Hans在課堂上談到的英式幽默，你很感興趣，同時也想請教英語語法學(xué)習(xí)上的問題，請你給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信目的；2.你的感受及困難所在；3.詢問當(dāng)面請教時間。注意：1.

詞數(shù)80左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearHans,_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

YoursLiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章講述了ARTogether過去和現(xiàn)在的一些社區(qū)研討會和活動。

1.

根據(jù)Water-coloringWorkshop部分的“OrganizedincooperationwithStoryCenter,Water-coloringWorkshopisafreeonlinechannelaccessibletoimmigrants.(與故事中心合作，水彩工坊是一個免費的移民在線渠道。)”可知，住在奧克蘭以外的人可以參加這個網(wǎng)上活動。故選A。

2.

根據(jù)Y(our)Legacy:APrintmakingWorkshop部分的“LedbyartistSenMendez,participantsgatheratOaklandInternationalHighSchoolandaregiventensmallblockstocreateavisualstoryaboutthemselves.(在藝術(shù)家SenMendez的帶領(lǐng)下，參與者聚集在奧克蘭國際高中，并給他們十個小塊來創(chuàng)建一個關(guān)于他們自己的視覺故事。)”可知，這所國際高中的交換生。可以報名參加這個工作坊。故選C。

3.

根據(jù)Women'sCraftCircle部分的“IntheOaklandAsianCulturalCenter,participantsareabletorelaxinawelcomingspace,connectingthroughaloveforartandsharedexperiences.(在奧克蘭亞洲文化中心，參與者可以在一個溫馨的空間里放松，通過對藝術(shù)的熱愛和分享經(jīng)驗聯(lián)系在一起。)”和ExpressiveArtClassforKids部分的“Ineachclass,activityleadersfollowtheprincipleofguiding,nottelling,whichcreatesastress-freeenvironmentthatencouragescreativity(在每節(jié)課上，活動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都遵循指導(dǎo)而不是告訴的原則，這創(chuàng)造了一個沒有壓力的環(huán)境，鼓勵創(chuàng)造力)”可知，這兩個工作坊都與藝術(shù)有關(guān)，因此可知，都鼓勵創(chuàng)新和想象力。故選D。4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位年輕的荷蘭發(fā)明家發(fā)明了一種海洋垃圾收集系統(tǒng)，它可以在塑料垃圾流入海洋之前將其捕獲。

1.

根據(jù)第三段“"Weneedtoclosethetap,...endangeringlifeintheoceans.(“我們需要關(guān)閉水龍頭，這意味著首先要防止更多的塑料流入海洋，”他說，并稱河流是“將垃圾從陸地輸送到海洋的動脈”。專家表示，每年有900萬噸塑料垃圾，包括塑料瓶、塑料袋和玩具，從河流和溪流流入海洋，危及海洋中的生命)”可知，斯萊特和專家表示每年有非常多的塑料垃圾流入海洋，作者引用他們的話是為了解釋這一發(fā)明的背景。故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第四段“Themachinehasashapednose...whocancomeandemptyitwhenit'sfull.(這臺機器有一個成形的機頭，可以擋住樹干等較大的漂浮垃圾。它的工作原理是將塑料垃圾引導(dǎo)到船頭的一個開口中，然后用傳送帶將垃圾運到機器中，然后將其放入垃圾容器中。它會向本地運營商發(fā)送一條短信，當(dāng)它裝滿時，運營商可以過來清空它)”可知，本段主要介紹了這一發(fā)明的工作原理。故選C。

3.

根據(jù)第一段“AyoungDutchinventoriswideninghisefforttocleanupfloatingplasticfromthePacificOceanbymovingintorivers,usinghisnewfloatingmachinetocatchgarbagebeforeitreachestheseas.(一位年輕的荷蘭發(fā)明家正在加大清理太平洋漂浮塑料的力度，他將塑料移到河流中，用他的新漂浮機器在垃圾到達大海之前將其捕獲)”以及第六段“Iwanttosettlethemallinthenextfiveyears.(我想在未來五年內(nèi)解決所有問題)”可知，BoyanSlat發(fā)明新的裝置攔截塑料垃圾，并期望五年解決所有問題，他是有創(chuàng)新能力和有雄心的。故選A。

4.

根據(jù)最后一段中的“JanvanFranekeroftheWageningenMarineResearchInstitutesaidthenewmachinelookspromising.(Wageningen海洋研究所JanvanFraneker說，這種新機器看起來很有前途)”可知，F(xiàn)raneker覺得這臺新機器有著光明的未來。故選B。8~11.【答案】D、B、C、C【解析】【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了遲到的原因可能能與性格特征相關(guān)，并提出了一些相應(yīng)的策略。

1.

根據(jù)文章第二段劃線詞paradox前文的內(nèi)容“Thereareallsortsofpunishmentsforbeinglate(對于遲到，有各種各樣的懲罰)”和后文的內(nèi)容“wearelateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequencesexist.(即使存在懲罰和后果，我們?nèi)匀粫t到)”可知，前文提出遲到了會有相應(yīng)的懲罰，后文提出即使受到懲罰，但我們還是會遲到，故此處的劃線詞與D項“令人費解的事、難題”意思相近，遲到了會受到懲罰，令人費解的就是即使有懲罰，我們?nèi)匀粫t到，故選D。

2.

根據(jù)文章第四段“Anothertraitisthatforever-late-comersaremorelikelytobemultitaskers.(永遠遲到的人的另一個特點可能是多重任務(wù)的)”可知，永遠遲到的人的特點可能是一次要處理很多任務(wù)，是多重任務(wù)的，故選B。

3.

根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butscientistsarestartingtoworkonstrategies...howlongsomethingwilltakemoreaccurately.(對于那些經(jīng)常低估任務(wù)的人來說，將一項任務(wù)分解成詳細的步驟可以幫助人們準(zhǔn)確地估計這項任務(wù)花的時間。)”可知，對于那些經(jīng)常遲到的人，他們可以將任務(wù)分解成一些小任務(wù)，從而更好的估計任務(wù)所花費的時間，故選C。

4.

根據(jù)文章第一段“Anyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslate—that'sanart,afrustratingart.Or,asideeffectofyourpersonalitytraits,scientistshavefound.(任何人都可能遲到幾次，但要成為一個總是遲到人，這是一門藝術(shù)，一門令人沮喪的藝術(shù)?；蛘?，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是你性格特征點副作用。)”以及后文對遲到人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介紹遲到可能是與性格相關(guān)的，故選C。12~15.【答案】D、B、B、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃蜂具有人類所說的文化的能力。

1.

根據(jù)第三段中的“"Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostcomplex...byinbornfactorsinstead,"saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.(英國AngliaRuskin大學(xué)的行為生態(tài)學(xué)家AliceBridges說：“盡管大黃蜂有一些最復(fù)雜的行為能力，但沒有人真正考慮過這種昆蟲的文化，通常認為它們主要是由先天因素驅(qū)動的?！?”可知，人們通常認為大黃蜂的文化是由先天因素驅(qū)動的，對大黃蜂具有文化持有懷疑的態(tài)度。故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第五段中的“Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonies...theirfellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.(實驗最終成功了。在輔導(dǎo)蜂最初學(xué)會按下紅色標(biāo)簽的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常會按下紅色標(biāo)簽。在輔導(dǎo)蜂被訓(xùn)練按下藍色標(biāo)簽的蜂群，它們的同伴也傾向于這樣做)”可推知，布里奇斯把經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是為了觀察蜜蜂是否會傳播盒子里的秘密，將自己的行為傳播給同伴。故選B。

3.

根據(jù)最后一段“Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebee...ondeepevolutionaryfoundations.(但現(xiàn)在事實證明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，這是一個令人不安的事實：人類文化，曾經(jīng)被認為是獨一無二的，并不是‘突然'出現(xiàn)的，而是顯然建立在深厚的進化基礎(chǔ)上的)”可知，本段主要介紹了曾經(jīng)被認為是獨一無二的文化并不是突然出現(xiàn)，而是逐漸進化而來的，本段主要談?wù)摿诉@項研究對于文化起源的影響。故選B。

4.

根據(jù)第二段“AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall"culture".(PLOSBiology雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大黃蜂可以相互學(xué)習(xí)某些行為，這表明這些群居昆蟲具有我們?nèi)祟愃f的“文化”的能力)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃蜂具有人類所說的文化的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黃蜂中”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。16~20.【答案】G、B、F、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了自我情緒管理的幾項有效措施。

1.

前文“Wecan'tcontrolwhatishappeningaroundus.(我們無法控制周圍發(fā)生的事情。)”結(jié)合下文“Herearesomeusefulwaystokeepourcoolwhenwefeelfrustrated.(當(dāng)我們感到沮喪時，下面是一些有用的方法讓我們保持冷靜。)”以及下文的小標(biāo)題內(nèi)容可知，我們控制不了周圍發(fā)生的事情，但是我們可以改變自己來保持冷靜，不沮喪，因此推斷空處承上啟下，G項（然而，我們可以決定我們?nèi)绾涡袆雍腿绾螒?yīng)對我們面臨的麻煩。）符合語境，與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文內(nèi)容。故選G。

2.

分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是段落標(biāo)題，根據(jù)下文“Conflictswithotherscanbedifficulttodealwith...considerwhattodonext.(與他人的沖突很難處理。有時候我們需要離開不愉快的環(huán)境。你可以說：“我要休息一下”，然后散散步，或者找個安靜的地方坐下來涼快一下。這樣做的目的是給自己一些空間來冷靜下來，考慮下一步要做什么。)”可知，本段建議當(dāng)與他人有沖突時可以遠離那種狀況，讓自己冷靜下來，因此推斷B項（脫離那種情況）為最近標(biāo)題，概況了本段主旨。故選B。

3.

前文“Whenwe'reupset,ournervoussystemwillspeedupourheartrateandmusclestense.Itpreparesthebodyasiftomeetanattack.(當(dāng)我們心煩意亂時，我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)會加快心率，肌肉會緊張。它讓身體準(zhǔn)備好迎接攻擊。)”說明在煩惱的時候，身體會有應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，心跳加快，肌肉緊張，F(xiàn)項（你可以用一些實用的技巧來緩和這種生理反應(yīng)。）符合語境，選項中的suchphysicalreaction呼應(yīng)前文提到的身體上的反應(yīng)。故選F。

4.

前文“Laughterrelievesthetensionwefeelwhendepressed.Wecanthinkofajokeorwatchavideothatalwaysmakesusroarwithlaughter.Afterward,youmaybeabletoliftthefogoffrustration.Makesurewhatyouuseisnotmean-spirited,though.(笑可以緩解我們沮喪時的緊張感。我們可以想到一個笑話或觀看一個總是讓我們大笑的視頻。之后，你也許能夠驅(qū)散沮喪的迷霧。不過，請確保你使用的措辭不是刻薄的。)”說明笑聲可以緩解沮喪，但是要確保措辭不刻薄，D項（這些幽默實際上會讓我們感覺更沮喪。）符合語境，選項上的Thosekindsofhumor呼應(yīng)前文提到j(luò)oke和laughter，說明了措辭刻薄的幽默不能使用的原因，會讓人感覺更沮喪。故選D。

5.

前文“Oncethingsappeardisappointing,manyofusmightpunishourselveswithunkindwords.Infact,itdoesn'thavetobethisway.(一旦事情看起來令人失望，我們中的許多人可能會用不友好的話懲罰自己。事實上，它并不一定要這樣。)”說明沮喪時說一些不好的話是不可取的，下文“Forexample,insteadofsaying"Ialwaysmessthingsup,"wecouldsay,"Imadeamistake,butI'lldoitbetternexttime."(例如，與其說“我總是把事情搞砸”，我們可以說“我犯了一個錯誤，但下次我會做得更好?！?”舉例說明不說消極的話，說積極的話，C項（我們應(yīng)該把消極的想法變成積極的陳述）符合語境，承上啟下。故選C。21~35.【答案】C、A、D、A、B、A、A、B、C、D、D、B、C、B、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了詹妮弗利用收集來的空薯片袋縫制睡袋并送給無家可歸者的故事。

1.

句意：她認為自己可能已經(jīng)部分解決了這個國家的兩個大問題：垃圾和貧困。A.food食物；B.pollution污染；C.poverty貧困；D.education教育。根據(jù)下文“Ratherthanlitteryouremptychipbags,

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themsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbags.”以及“Andit'ssurelya(n)

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???????thatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengohandinhand.”可推知，詹妮弗使用空的薯片袋子制作睡袋，認為自己找到了解決垃圾和貧困問題的辦法。故選C。

2.

句意：這位26歲的學(xué)生正在請求當(dāng)?shù)匦〕詯酆谜叩膸椭?。A.lovers愛好者；B.producers生產(chǎn)者；C.deliverers派送員；D.salesmen銷售員。根據(jù)下文“Ratherthanlitteryouremptychipbags,

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??????????????themsoshecanturnthemintosleepingbags.”可知，詹妮弗希望人們捐贈空的薯片袋，即向小吃愛好者尋求幫助。故選A。

3.

句意：與其亂扔你的空薯片袋，不如把它們捐贈出去，這樣她就可以把它們變成睡袋了。A.sell出售；B.store儲存；C.hold持有；D.donate捐贈。根據(jù)下文“soshecanturnthemintosleepingbags”可知，此處表示詹妮弗希望人們捐贈空薯片袋，以便于她收集這些袋子制作睡袋。故選D。

4.

句意：吃薯片的人把他們的袋子放在底特律的兩個地方，詹妮弗和她的助手在那里收集。A.dropoff放下；B.takeaway拿走；C.getin進入；D.breakup打碎。根據(jù)下文“theirbagsattwolocationsinDetroit,whereJeniferandher

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??????????????collectthem.”可知，那些人把薯片袋子放在固定的地方，詹妮弗和助手去收集薯片袋。故選A。

5.

句意：吃薯片的人把他們的袋子放在底特律的兩個地方，詹妮弗和她的助手在那里收集。A.parents父母；B.helpers助手；C.classmates同學(xué)；D.buyers購買者。根據(jù)下文“Butthat'sonlyhalfthe

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???????forJeniferandherfellowvolunteers.”可知，志愿者同伴幫助詹妮弗一起收集薯片袋，他們是詹妮弗的助手。故選B。

6.

句意：制作一個睡袋大約需要四個小時，每個睡袋大約需要300個薯片袋。A.make制作；B.fill裝滿；C.decorate裝飾；D.move移動。根據(jù)下文“asleepingbag,eachtakingaround300chipbags.”可知，每個睡袋大約需要300個薯片袋，而制作每個睡袋大約需要四個小時。故選A。

7.

句意：詹妮弗告訴媒體，結(jié)果是一個“輕便防水”的睡袋。A.result結(jié)果；B.order訂單；C.need需要；D.requirement要求。根據(jù)上文“Ittakesaboutfourhoursto

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asleepingbag,eachtakingaround300chipbags.”以及下文“isasleepingbagthatis“l(fā)ightweightandwaterproof,”可知，使用大約300個薯片袋，經(jīng)歷大約四個小時制作出的結(jié)果是“輕便防水”的睡袋。故選A。

8.

句意：自2020年啟動以來，薯片袋項目已經(jīng)收集了80多萬個薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了110個睡袋。A.distributed分配；B.created創(chuàng)造，制造；C.delivered遞送；D.fixed修理。根據(jù)上文“Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedover800,000chipbags”以及下文“110sleepingbags”可知，詹妮弗收集了很多薯片袋，因而制作成了很多睡袋。故選B。

9.

句意：當(dāng)然，籌集資金購買新睡袋會更簡單。A.worse更壞的；B.slow