外文翻譯-外文文獻-英文文獻-質量BotC企業(yè)網(wǎng)站的綜合評估的一個索引系統(tǒng)

原文2AnIndexSystemforQualitySynthesisEvaluationofBtoCBusinessWebsiteABSTRACTItisimportantforsuccessfulelectronicbusinesstohaveahi-qualitybusinesswebsite.Soweneedanaccurateandeffectiveindexsystemtoevaluateandanalysesthequalityofthebusinesswebsite.Inthispaper,theevaluationindexsystemfollowingthe‘greybox’principleisproposedwhichconsidersbothefficiencyofbusinesswebsiteandperformanceofelectronicbusinesssystem.UsingR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethodtoextractthetypicalindexesfromsub-indexesistheoreticallyprovedtohavearationalityandeffectiveness.Finally,theevaluationmethodisbrieflydiscussed.CategoriesandSubjectDescriptorsTP393.4KeywordsBusinesswebsite;Evaluationsystem;R-Hierarchicalclustering;Systemperformance1.INTRODUCTIONBusinesswebsiteisanonlinemediabetweenbuyerandseller.Ahi-qualitywebsiteiscrucialtoacompanyforasuccessfule-business.Whatisahi-qualitybusinesswebsite?Intermsofmaintainingthewebsite,whatdowefocusonsothatthequalitymeetstheusers’needs?Apparently,usingclick-throughratetoassessthepopularitycannotobjectivelyandaccuratelyevaluatethequalityofthebusinesswebsites.Instead,weneedtorelyonscientificevaluationindexsystemandmethods.Atpresent,therearemanymethodsavailableforbusinesswebsitecomparisonorranking,suchasUsageRanking,PurchaseComparison,ExpertOpinionandSynthesisEvaluationetc.Youcanfindbothofficialauthorityandnon-governmentalorganizationthatissuetheirpowerranking.Theformeroneistomonitorandregulatethemarket,suchasCNNIC,whichorganizedthecompetitionfortheTopTenWebsitesindomestic.Thelatterone,suchasConsumerreports(www.consumerreports.org),BizRate(),ForresterResearchetc.,ismainlytoguidethewebusers’activity.Thesekindsofcomparisonorrankinghavespecialvalueingettingreputationandincreasingrecognitionofthebusinesswebsitesamongtheusers,however,e-businessenterprisecannotimprovethequalityoftheirwebsitesdirectlybasedontheresultsofthesekindsofassessments.ThemainpurposeofthispaperistodevelopanindexsystemforquantitativeevaluationoftheBtoCwebsites,whichdosenotemphasizetheincomeofthewebsitebutfocusonevaluatingofitssynthesisquality.Wehopethattheapplyingofthisindexsystemwillprovidethetechniquedevelopersandmaintainerssomereferencesfordesigning,appraisinganddiagnosingtheire-businesssystemtoimproveitsqualitylevel,andtosupportmanagerstomakedecisionsforoperationofthewebsites.2.OVERVIEWOFPREVIOUSSTUDIESComparingtothefastgrowingofe-businesswebsitesintheworld,currentlywecanrarelyfindtheparticularresearchonheevaluationindexsystemofbusinesswebsite.QEM(Thewebsitequalityevaluationmethod)proposedbyOlsinaandGodoyetc.in1999canbeconsideredasoneoftherepresentativeapproaches.Itbasedonthemainfactorstoevaluatethequalityofthewebsites,includingfunctionality(globalsearch,navigability,andcontentrelativity),usability(websitemap,addressesdirectory),efficiencyandreliability.In2000,Americanresearcher,PanlaSolaman,presentede-SERVQUALmodelbasedontheconventionalservicequalityevaluationmodelSERVQUAL.Itcontainssomefactorslikeefficiency,dealcompleteness,reliability,privacyprotection,responsiveness,recompenseandcontactetc.Inthesameyear,anotherAmericanresearcher,Hauler,introducedane-QUALmodelwhichincludesthefactorsofcontent,accessibility,navigability,designandpresentation,responsiveness,background,personalizationandcustomization,etc.In2004,F.J.MirandaGonzalezandT.M.BanegilPalaciosdevelopedanuniversalevaluationindexsystemWIS(WebAssessmentIndex)thatcanbeemployedtoassesswebsitesbydifferentorganizations.Itconsistsoffourindexesofaccessibility,navigability,speedandcontent.However,theuniversalindexsystemcannotmeasureawebsiteexactlyandabsolutelyduetotheindustryspecialty,organizationalcharacteristicsanddifferentusages.OneoftherepresentativeresearchesisMr.Itassessesthebusinesswebsitesbytestingifthedesignofthewebsitecoincideswiththeshoppingprocessofonlineconsumers.Thisstandardhasfivefactors,suchassearchandbrowse,merchandiseinformation,shoppingcart,registerandpay,serviceandsupport.Anotherindexsystemforsmallandmediumbusinesswebsitescoversthefactorsofgeneralfeatures,design,promotion,informationandtheothers.Herewelistourmajorfindingsfromthepreviousresearches:2.1UnreasonableSelectionoftheIndexSomeresearchconsidernotonlytheoriginaldesignbutalsothefactorssuchaspromotionandincomeofbusinesswebsite.Someevaluationsystemshavecorrelativeorcontradictiveindexes.Forexample,itconsidersthedownloadspeed,atthesametime,itrequiresthewebdesignersnottoexcessivelyuseflashandsoundstoslowdownthespeed.2.2UnilateralEvaluationMostoftheresearchtakestheusers’viewtoevaluatethefunctionanddesignofwebsite.Ittreatsthebusinesssystemasa‘blackbox’andignorestheimpactofsystemperformanceonthewebsitesquality.Butconsideringthefactorsofsystemperformancealoneisalsonotacompleteevaluationforimprovingservicequalityofwebsite.2.3LackofaCompleteSetofQualitySynthesisEvaluationSystemAcompletesetoftooltoevaluatethewebsitesmustincludethefollowingimportantelements:categories,factors,weights,rankingsstandardandassessmentmodel.Sofar,wehavenotseenanyliteraturediscussingcompletesetofevaluationindexsystemaimingatthequalityofBtoCwebsites.3.PRINCIPLEFORTHEQUALITYSYNTHESISEVALUATIONFirst,thethreefundamentalprinciplesweneedtofollowaretobecomprehensive,tobescientificandtobefeasible.Weshouldevaluateallthefacetsofthewebsitefromdifferentdimensionsandavoidmissingvalueofimportantfactors.Moreover,thedefinitionoftheevaluationindexshouldbeaccurate，objectiveandlogicalsoitcaneliminatetheimpactontheevaluationresultbroughtbythecorrelativeindexes.Concurrently,weneedreducethequantityofindexesoradoptthesimpleoneswhichdataiseasiertobecollected,andpreventfromcomplicatedcalculationduetotheexcessiveindexes.Themainpurposeofimprovingbusinesswebsitesistoservetheusersbetter.Theyareconcernedonlyaboutthewebsites’externalattributes,suchascontent,function,presentationandbrowsespeed,etc.So,evaluatingonlybytakingtheirviewscannotdirectlyguidetodevelop,maintainandadministratethewebsite.Justliketreatingthepatient’ssymptombutnotthediseaseitself,thetechniquedeveloperormaintainercannotradicallyimprovethequalityoftheirwebsitesbycorrectingsystemstructureandwebdesignaccordingtotheevaluationresult.Onlyafterweadoptthe‘greybox’indexsystemthatconsidersbothefficiencyofbusinesswebsiteandperformanceofe-businesssystem,wecanestablishaqualitysynthesisevaluationindexsystemtobenefitthemanagementofBtoCwebsites.4.QUALITYEVALUATIONINDEXESFORBUSINESSWEBSITESelectionofindexitemslaysdownthefoundationforconstructingevaluationindexsystem.Afterwethoroughlyanalyzetheevaluationobjectivesbasedonthecharacteristicsofbusinesswebsite,weproposeaninitialindexsystemincludes5categoriesandtotally28indexitemsshowninthefollowingTable1.Websiteself-adaptabilityreferstocapabilityofe-businesssystemintelligentlyprovidingpersonalizedserviceanddynamicoptimizingsystemperformance.SystemEfficiencyreferstotheabilitythatthesystemresponsequicklytotherequestsofnumbersofwebusers.Itcanbemeasuredthroughvaluesofsomequantitativeindexes,suchasresponsetime,throughputorutilizationrate,etc.5.OPTIMIZINGTHEEVALUATIONINDEXEItisnecessaryforourinitialevaluationsystemtooptimizeifitcanbeappliedinpractice.First,theindexesaremoreorlesscorrelativewhichwillaffectstheobjectivenessoftheevaluation.Second,therearetoomoreindexesthatwillresultinlowerefficiency.Therefore,wetrytoextractandsimplifytheindexesbyusingR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethod.Generally,Rindicatesthecoefficientofcorrelationbetweentwoitems.R-Hierarchicalclusteringmethodisusuallyappliedtoclustertheindexes.Thestepsaredescribedasfollowing.5.1CalculateCoefficientofCorrelationandClusteringItfirstlytreatseveryindexasonecluster.So,wehave28clusters.Then,coefficientofcorrelationiscalculatedbetweeneverytwoclustersbyminimum-distancemethod.Next,thetwoclusterswiththemaximalcoefficientofcorrelationareclusteredintoanewone.Thesameprocessisrepeateduntilalltheindexesareclusteredintoone.5.2AnalyzetheClusteringProcessandDetermineClustersWeanalyzethevariationofminimumcoefficientofcorrelationduringtheclusteringprocesstofindtheleappoints.Accordingtothenumberofleappointsandtheknowledgeofspecialfield,wecaneventuallydeterminehowmanyclustersweneed.ThewholeprocessisillustratedinthefollowingFigure1.FollowingtheprincipleofsimplificationandfeasibilityandconsideringthecharacteristicsofBtoCwebsite,weclusterthe28indexitemsinto10.Theprecisionrateisover0.75.5.3CalculateCorrelationIndexandExtracttheRepresentativeIndexesFirst,wecalculatethecorrelationindexthatistheaverageofRbetweenoneindexandeveryotherindexinthesamecluster.一個公式miinthisformulaisthenumberoftheindexesintheclusterthatindexXjbelongsto.Then,weselecttheindexwiththemaximalcorrelationindexinthetotal10clustersindividuallyandidentify10ofthemasthemostrepresentativeindexes.Finally,theweightsoftheindexesarederivedbytheexpertgrademethod.Thefinalindexesandtheirweightsareshowninthefollowingtable2.6.CONCLUSIONInthispaper,wehaveproposedanindexsystemforqualitysynthesisevaluationanddiagnosisoftheBtoCwebsitesfollowingthe‘GreyBox’evaluationprinciple,andscientificallydeterminedandsimplifiedtheindexitems.Usually,factoranalysisorprincipalcomponentanalysisisusedtosolvetheproblemofcommon-factorandmultipleindexes.Butthesemethodsareonlysuitableforthequantitativeindexes,andtheevaluationprocessisnottrulysimplified.Becausethenewindexisthelinearfunctionofsomeoriginalones,itstillneedstocalculatethevalueofnewindexesbycollectingallthevaluesoftheoriginalones.Inourindexsystem,mostofindexisdescriptiveone.SowehavefinalizedtheindexesbyusingtheR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethod.Itreallyhasreducedthenumberoftheevaluationindexeswithoutlosingthemajorinformationfromtheoriginalindexes.Furthermore,ithaseffectivelyavoidedtheimpactofcommon-factorsontheevaluationresult.Onlytheindexofsystemefficiencycanbemeasuredthroughquantitativesub-indexessuchasresponsetime,etc.Mostofdepictiveindexesaresubjectiveandfuzzy.Inviewofthis,weshouldusefuzzycomprehensiveanalysismethodtoevaluatetogetmoreefficiencyresult.InourfutureworkweareintendedtoproposeanevaluationmodelandconductevaluationtosomefamousdomesticBtoCwebsitestoproveifthisindexsystemisscientificandfeasible.Moreover,wewillimprovethissetofindexsystemincludingevaluationmodeltomakethewholesetofindexsystemmorefeasibility.

譯文2質量BotC企業(yè)網(wǎng)站的綜合評估的一個索引系統(tǒng)摘要：對于成功的電子商業(yè)來說，擁有一個高質量的商務網(wǎng)站是很重要的。因此，我們需要一個準確有效的評價指標體系來衡量分析商務網(wǎng)站的質量。此論文在全面考慮了商務網(wǎng)站的效率和電子商務系統(tǒng)的性能提出了基于灰盒原則建立的評價指標體系。R型系統(tǒng)聚類的網(wǎng)站質量評價指標優(yōu)化方法已被證實是一種從三級指標中提取典型指標的合理有效方法。最后，筆者簡略地討論了這種評價方式。關鍵詞：商務網(wǎng)站，評價體系，基于R型系統(tǒng)聚類的網(wǎng)站質量評價指標優(yōu)化，系統(tǒng)性能1.介紹商務網(wǎng)站是一個介于買賣雙方的網(wǎng)上溝通媒介。對于想要獲得成功電子商務事業(yè)的公司來說，一個高質量的網(wǎng)站是十分關鍵的。怎么才是一個高質量的商務網(wǎng)站呢？就維持運行網(wǎng)站而言，為滿足用戶的需要，我們最需要關注的是什么？顯然，僅通過點擊率評價一個網(wǎng)站的受歡迎度并不是一個客觀精確的方法來衡量商務網(wǎng)站的質量。反而，我們需要的是科學的評價指標體系和方法?，F(xiàn)下，有很多可利用的方式來比較與排名商務網(wǎng)站，例如使用排名，購買比較，專家意見，綜合評估等等。既有官方機構又有非官方組織發(fā)布了他們的實力排行。前者主要是監(jiān)督調節(jié)市場，比如中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡信息中心（其在國內組織競賽評選十大影響力網(wǎng)站）。而后者的功能是引導網(wǎng)站用戶的活動。例如Consumerreports(www.consumerreports.org),BizRate(),ForresterResearch等等。這種類型的比較和排名能夠幫助商務網(wǎng)站在用戶中樹立名望和增加認知度，但是電子商務公司并不能直接依靠這些評估結果來提高他們的網(wǎng)站質量。本文的主要目的就是為電子零售網(wǎng)站的定量評估建立一個指標體系，這個體系并不是強調網(wǎng)站的收入高低，而是關注網(wǎng)站的綜合質量。我們希望通應用這個指標體系，可以促進技術發(fā)展以及提供一些參考用于網(wǎng)站的設計，評估和診斷，以此達到提高網(wǎng)站質量水平，幫助管理者抉擇網(wǎng)站的運行。2.早期研究概要相較于當今世界上的電子商務的高速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)今我們幾乎很難找到商務網(wǎng)站的評價指標體系的特定研究。由Olsina和Godoy等人于1999年提出的網(wǎng)站質量評估方法可被認為一種較為典型的評估方式。這個評估方式主要從函數(shù)性（全球研究，可靠性和內容相對論），可用性（網(wǎng)站視圖，地址目錄），效能和可靠性等作為主要因素來評價網(wǎng)站的質量。2000年，美國學者PanlaSolaman，基于傳統(tǒng)的服務質量評估模型“服務質量”提出的“電子服務質量”模型。其包括了一些因素，例如效能，協(xié)議完整性，可靠性，隱私保障，回應性，賠償和接觸等。同一年，另一位美國研究者Hauler提出了另一種電子服務質量模型，其中包括了內容，可達性，可航性