2022屆高考定語從句復習教案

2022屆高考定語從句復習教案湖南隆回一中：袁某人1．概念.由一個句子作定語，修飾句中一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾整個句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容，這樣的從句就是定語從句，被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。.關(guān)系詞分為兩大類，即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，其作用一是引出一個定語從句，二是代替其所修飾的先行詞，三是在句中充當某個句子成分。關(guān)系詞所指先行詞在從句中所擔成分關(guān)系代詞that事，物，人，時間，地點，原因主，表，賓which事，物，人，時間，地點，原因主，表，賓who人主，表，賓whom人表，賓whose事，物，人定as事，物，人主，表，賓關(guān)系副詞when時間狀where地點狀why原因狀2．高考熱點which：關(guān)系代詞which引導非限定性定語從句，可代替上句的整個句子內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。①Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what簡析:A不能指代一句話的內(nèi)容，C、D不能引導定語從句。②GarolsaidtheworkshouldbedonebyOctober,________personally,Idoubtverymuch..A.ItB.thatC.whenD.which簡析:A不能引導定語從句，B不能引導非限定性定語從句，.when是副詞，不能作doubt的賓語。as關(guān)系代詞as引導非限定性定語從句，也可代替整個句子內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，它引導的非限定性定語從句可放于句首。③_____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What簡析:A、D不能引導定語從句，C不能引導非限定性定語從句。④_______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It簡析:D不能引導定語從句，C不能引導非限定性定語從句,雖說which、as都可以引導非限定性定語從句，又可代替整個句子內(nèi)容，但有下列區(qū)別:（見as與which的用法區(qū)別1）as引導的非限定性定語從句可放于句首,而which引導的不能。2）as引導的非限定性定語從句有"正如"之意，而which引導的沒有。3）.as引導的非限定性定語從句時，常用在表示肯定意義的從句中，而不能用在表示否定意義的從句中。Mummytreatsmejustasababy,which(不用as)Ican’tbear.Shehasmarriedagain,which(不用as)wasunexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn’texpected.4).As在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown,besaid,bereported等，定語從句中動詞為表示知覺的動詞，如see,expect,say,know等，用as而不用which；如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.Aseverybodyinourclassknows,shelovesmeratherthanyou,apoorfellowinstudy.5).在賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的非限定性定語從句中，作主語或作賓語時，宜用which而不用as。HebelievedinGod,which(不用as)Ifindstrange.Shechangedhermind,which(不用as)mademeveryangry.6).As引導的定語從句與it作形式主語和以what引導的主語從句的區(qū)別Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.when：關(guān)系副詞when引導定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時間的名詞。⑤Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome，_______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where簡析:A不能引導定語從句，B不能引導非限定性定語從句,where修飾表地點的名詞，而此題的先行詞則是表時間的hours。⑥Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyears,_____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when簡析:A不能引導非限定性定語從句，B不能引導定語從句,C雖說可以引導非限定性定語從句，但其先行詞是物，或是代替整個句子內(nèi)容，而此題的先行詞是表示時間的anexcitingmoment.Thedaywillcomesoon_____hewillseehissuccess.A.whichB.whenC.onthatD.whereTherearefewoccasionswhenmembersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.(SB3Unit11,P94)隊員們對自己的任務搞混了或者不明確的情況很少。Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.[08山東][D]A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when[分隔式定語從句。我有時間和孩子們呆一天的時候是很少的。OccasionswhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykidsarequiterare.]where：關(guān)系副詞Where引導定從時,只能在定從中作地點狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點的名詞。⑦AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when簡析:在定語從句中判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，需要弄明白在從句中需要什么語法成分，也就是說，要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中擔任什么成分，本題的定語從句中少地點狀語，先行詞又是表地點的名詞，故應選B。當point,case,situation等詞作先行詞表示抽象的地點，其后常由where引導定語從句，where在定語從句中作狀語。Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforthegreatchance(o4湖南)A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatCanyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.介詞+關(guān)系代詞（詳見）當關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which/whose",指人則用"介詞+whom/whose",且兩個關(guān)系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個原則：1）根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定。2）根據(jù)先行詞特殊用法而定。⑧Alecaskedthepolicemen______heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom⑨Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom3．定語從句的注意點which和that用法辨異3.1.1通常只能用that的情況①當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,few,none,,anything,nothing，everything等時(something后可以用which)。②先行詞既指人又指物時.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered。③先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。④先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,no,all修飾時。⑤先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時或先行詞在由which,who引導的特殊疑問句中時。Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?Whothathascommonsensecan’tbelievesuchathing.Whoistheman____isreadinginthegarden?A.whoB.thatC.whomD./*⑥關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.（他已不是過去的他了）=Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.3.1.2通常只能用which的情況①引導非限制性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時。②如果句中有兩個定語從句，其中一個用了that,另一個最好用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.③先行詞本身就是that時。Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.我有你給的那個。④介詞之后須用which.ThisistheoneofwhichI’mspeaking.這就是我所講的那個。只能用who的情況①先行詞是指人的不定代詞one,ones,nobody,everyone,anyone或all時。②先行詞是those和people時。③在therebe開頭的句中。④先行詞指人時后有一個較長的定語或被其他成分隔開時。⑤在非限制性定語從句中。as和which用法辨異（代替主句整個內(nèi)容）3.3.1只能用as的情況①as通常與thesame,such,so或as搭配使用。Suchabeautifulparkasitbeingbuiltwasdesignedbytwoyoungengineer.HeusesthesamemapasI(use).Theprintednewspaperwasnotsuchasthechiefeditorhadexpected.②位于句首的定語從句用as引導。③as常解釋為“正如...的那樣”,“正像...”。如：asisknowntoall,asweallknow,as(it)oftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,aswasexpected,asissaidabove,asismentionedabove,asisreportedinthenewspaper等*④as引導的從句在意義上不能與主句相抵觸，而which不受此限制。試比較：Hedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.Hefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.3.3.2只能用which的情況①充當定語從句的主語時，從句的謂語動詞是聯(lián)系動詞或被動語態(tài)時用as,which都可以，從句的謂語是行為動詞時只用which。②接在介詞后面時只用which。③當從句的謂語是否定形式或接一個復合賓語時，只能用which。Headmireseveryoneintheclass,whichIfindquitestrange.thesame...as和thesame...that的用法辨異.①That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同類事物）②That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過的工具。（指原物）theway做先行詞時，定語從句可由that,inwhich引導或不用引導詞。介詞+which/whom/whose“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選用1.根據(jù)定語從句中行為動詞的習慣搭配來決定。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(NMET92)(根據(jù)turntoforhelp“向某人求助”這一習慣搭配)ThemanwithwhomtheteacheristalkingisLilei’sfather.(talkwithsb.)TheoldOlympicGamesfromwhichthemoderngamescamebeganaroundtheyear776BCinGreece.(comefrom)ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.(writetosb.)Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.(apologizefor…因……而道歉)TheladderonwhichIwasstandingbeguntoslip.(which前用on由standon這一搭配而定)2.根據(jù)定語從句中表語形容詞的習慣搭配來決定。ThetwothinsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsureweregrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)Thenovelinwhichyouareinterestedisreallyinteresting.(beinterestedin)Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.(beproudof)ThenovelwithwhichwewerepleasedwaswrittenbyLuxun.(bepleasedwith)3.根據(jù)先行詞的習慣搭配來決定，若先行詞是地點，此時介詞+關(guān)系代詞可用關(guān)系副詞where代替，若先行詞是時間，可用關(guān)系副詞when代替.Theroominwhich(=where)thereisamachineisaworkshop.（intheroom）Thestationatwhich（=where）thetrainarrivedyesterdayisfromBeijing.(atthestation)Thedeskonwhich(=where)IputaglassofwaterisTom’s.（onthedesk）Thetreebehindwhichthereisacarisverybig.She’llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)shejoinedtheYoungPioneer.(onthatday)That’sthewayinwhichwework.(inthis/theway)4.表示所有關(guān)系或整體中的一部分時，用介詞of.Iliveinahouse,thefloorofwhichisverysmooth.=Iliveinahousewhosefloorisverysmooth.Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhich(=whosewindow)facessouth.Thebooks,someofwhicharenew,areworthreading.Doyoufindthebook,thecoverofwhich(=whosecover)isred?Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhomwentabroad.根據(jù)先行詞的需要或句子所表達的含義來決定。Thegasinwhichfirecanburnmuchbetteriscalledoxygen.Thegaswithwhichdoctorscanmakethepatientsoutofdangeriscalledoxygen.Thegaswithoutwhichpeoplecannotliveiscalledoxygen.Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.Waterisveryimportantfrouswithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(which前用介詞without由全句的意思而定。)【注意】：像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.6.fromwhich與fromwhere的用法區(qū)別Lookoverthere!somepeoplearestandingunderthebigtreeonthehill,_____youcanenjoythewholeview.A.fromwhichB.inwhichC.whereD.fromwhere1）.Soonaftergettingoffhishorse,thecaptainappearedatthesecondstoreywindows,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.下馬不久，上尉就出現(xiàn)在二樓的窗口了。他從那里除了樹木什么也沒看到。(引導定語從句)劃線部分相當于…,andfromatthewindows…不可變?yōu)閒romwhich…，直接用where不如用fromwhere更具體。2).Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全城風光。（引導定語從句）

劃線部分相當于…,andfromonthetopofthehill或fromonthetopofwhich…,不可變?yōu)閒romwhich，也可直接用where引導，但語義較為含糊，不如用fromwhere更加生動、形象、具體。3)、Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.我們爬到屋頂，在那兒我們可以一覽整個行進隊伍。（引導定語從句）劃線部分可理解為andfromonthetopoftheroof或fromonthetopofwhich，用fromwhich是不對的，直接用where仍顯不具體，不形象。4)、Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.中國是風箏的故鄉(xiāng)，在那里風箏傳到日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。這里from正與下文的spreadto構(gòu)成一個整體，可理解為fromnear/aroundthisplace，如若把fromwhere換為where顯然是講不通的，改成fromwhich,能夠講得通，但不太符合英語習慣。5)、ThecarstoppedsuddenlyonlyafewinchesfromwhereIstood.（引導狀語從句）那輛小汽車就在我站的地方僅幾英寸處突然停下了。這里的劃線部分中where引導的是賓語從句，與from一起作地點狀語從句。Practice:用適當?shù)摹敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”填空：Thefurcoat______heladywasdressedwasveryexpensive.Itisafamilyofeightchildren,all______arestudyingmusic.Thefamily_________IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.Hehaswrittenabook,thename________Ihavecompletelyforgotten.Theemperor,________thepalacewasbuilt,wasverycruel.Thetown,_________theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.Canyousuggestatime________itwillbeconvenienttomeet?Thestory,________thefilmisbased,isatrueone.Isthistheman__________housethepolicefoundyourlostTVset.Thebooksonthistheory,_________thisisoneexample,areallwrittenineasyEnglish.Thedesk________JackisleaningisJohn’s.Oursisabeautifulschool,_________weareproud.Key:2.ofwhich3.withwhich4.ofwhich5.forwhich6.fromwhich7.atwhichwhich9.fromwhich10.ofwhich11.againstwhich12.ofwhich考點1簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom,指物時只能用which；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達的含義而定；或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后。高考考例：1.(2022全國卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語從句恢復為獨立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案選A。2.(2022全國卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分應是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補全為獨立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案選C。3.(2022上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwith的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，identify...as...意為“把……當作……”，故答案選D?？键c2復雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜介詞有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：①Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.②IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考點3簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介詞by表示時間的意思是“到那時為止”。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那時許多人都已經(jīng)回家了”。故答案選D。Thisisthebossinwhosecompanyhiseldersisterisworking.考點4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案選B。本題就是一個考查the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice。考點5表示部分的詞語＋of＋關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all,both,none,neither,either,some,any；數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分數(shù)和百分數(shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級/比較級；以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter等。高考考例：1.(2022湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B選項缺少一個連詞。2.(2022遼寧卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析：答案為A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的。1.(04全國)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,___thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語從句恢復為獨立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案選A。2.(04全國)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分應是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補全為獨立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案選C。3.(2022上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwith的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，identify...as...意為“把……當作……”，故答案選D。考點2復雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜介詞有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考點3簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。高考考例：(95上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介詞by表示時間的意思是“到那時為止”。這句話的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那時許多人都已經(jīng)回家了”。故答案選D。考點4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案選B。本題就是一個考查the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個典型例子。這里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice?？键c5表示部分的詞語＋of＋關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分數(shù)和百分數(shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級/比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。[考例]：1.(2022湖北)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B選項缺少一個連詞。2.(2022遼寧)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_____aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析：答案為A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬雙鞋子有80%都是銷往國外的。Practice:Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.[05湖南]A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how解析：句意：Frank的夢想是擁有一家可以生產(chǎn)自己的手工制品的商店?！敖樵~+which+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾shop,相當于一個定語從句：inwhichhecouldproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,____wegavesomebellsandglasses.[06湖南30]A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhichLastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[07安徽卷]A.noneofthem B.bothofthemC.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhomHewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingA.afterwhich B.afterthatC.inwhich D.inthatItisreportedthattwoschools，_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.[07四川卷]A．theyboth B．whichboth C．bothofthem D．bothofwhichHumanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.[2022重慶卷]A.withwhich B.towhich C.ofwhich D.forwhichEricreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.[2022遼寧卷]A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis定語從句和同位語從句之間的區(qū)別3.7.1定語從句的先行詞是名詞和代詞，定語從句起限制、修飾先行詞的作用，而同位語從句的先行詞一般是抽象名詞，它解釋、說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容：（同位語從句）①Thenewsthatourteamhaswonistrue.（同位語從句）②Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.(定語從句)3.7.2引導詞在從句中作成分是定語從句，引導詞在從句中不作成分是同位語從句①Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.（作賓語可省）②ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.（引導同位語從句不可?。┫刃性~是reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，表語或賓語，用which/that/as，作狀語用why或for+which。①Thisisthereasonthathetoldmeyesterday.②Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslateforthemeeting.Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained先行詞是“地點名詞”，如在從句中作主語，表語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that/as，作狀語用where或介詞+which。①Thatisthefactorywhich/thatproduces100,000TVsetsayear.②Thatisthefactorywhere/inwhichhisfatheronceworked.先行詞是“時間名詞”如在從句中作主語，表語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that/as，作狀語用when或介詞+which。①I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespentonthatlonelyisland.②I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheParty.兩個特殊的關(guān)系代詞。3.11.1but可被看作關(guān)系代詞，引導定語從句，在句中作主語，在意義上相當于whonot或thatnot，即用在否定詞或具有否定意義的詞后，構(gòu)成雙重否定。①Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren．沒有不愛自己孩子的母親。②Therewasnoonepresentbutknewthestoryalready．在場的人都知道這個故事。*3.11.2than作關(guān)系代詞時，一般用在形式為比較級的復合句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為形容詞比較級（more）．．．than＋從句，than在從句中作主語，相當于that，代表它前面的先行詞。（這時，它兼有連詞和代詞的性質(zhì)，也有學者認為這種用法的than是連詞，后面省略了主語what。）①Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatdealmoreluxuriousthanisnecessary．室內(nèi)游泳池過于豪華。②Hegotmoremoneythanwaswanted．他得到了更多的錢。運用上述知識翻譯下列句子：1．任何人都喜歡被贊揚。（but）2．我們大家都想去桂林。（but）3．沒有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子。（but）4．我們班上沒有一個人不想幫你。（but）5．無論多么荒涼，多么難以行走的地方，人們也能把它變成戰(zhàn)暢（but）6．這件事情比想象的要復雜。（than）7．這個廣告的效果比預想的要好。（than）8．這個問題看起來容易，實際上很難。（than）9．他爸媽給他的零用錢總是超過他的需要。（than）10．因為這項工程非常困難，所以需要投入更多的勞動力。（than）答案：1．Thereisnoonebutlikestobepraised．2．ThereisnooneofusbutwishestovisitGuilin．3．Thereisnomanbutfeelspityforthosestarvingchildren．4．Thereisnooneinourclassbutwantstohelpyou．5．Thereisnocountrysowildanddifficultbutwillbemadeatheatreofwar．6．Thismatterismorecomplexthanisimagined．7．Thisadvertisementismoreaffectivethanisexpected．8．Theproblemmaybemoredifficultinnaturethanwouldappear．9．Hegotmorepocketmoneyfromhisparentsthanwasdemanded．10．Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthanhasbeenputinbecauseitisextremelydifficult．4．定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)分定語從句與并列句：用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof__________isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof__________isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters;___________aredoctors．解析：定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是定語從句，故填whom；②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞them；③小題是兩個并列分句，無需連接詞，缺少主語，故填none或they。又如：Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[定語從句]Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,andmostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[并列分句]Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows;mostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[并列分句]RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasreasonable.[定語從句]RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,andthepriceofitwasreasonable.[并列分句]RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase;thepriceofitwasreasonable.[并列分句]定語從句與狀語從句4.2.1定語從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句沒有先行詞。①Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語從句，先行詞為theplace）②Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點狀語從句）4.2.2定語從句修飾、限制、說明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語從句說明動作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。①Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時間嗎？（定語從句）②Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’4.2.3When,where和why在引導定語從句時可以用“介詞＋which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換，在引導狀語從句時卻不行。①Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)在那里工作過的那個工廠。（定語從句）②Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書放回原處。（狀語從句）4.2.4定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。如：①Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（as用作動詞like的賓語，它引導的是定語從句）②Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都喜歡它。（that不充當句子成分，故它引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句）Thisissointerestingabookaswealllike.[定語從句]Thisissointerestingabookthatwealllikeit.[結(jié)果狀語從句]a.MrSmithis_____agoodteacher______weallrespect.A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,asb.MrSmithis_____agoodteacher______weallrespecthim.A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,as定語從句與同位語從句定語從句和同位語從句在形式結(jié)構(gòu)上基本相同，都跟在名詞或代詞之后，且又常由that引導。但它們的句法功能卻不相同。我們可以從以下幾個方面把它們區(qū)別開來：4.3.1先行詞的范圍不同定語從句的先行詞范圍很廣，可以指人、物等，沒有限制；同位語從句的被修飾詞通常是少數(shù)一些表示抽象意義的名詞，不指人。同位語從句修飾的詞常見的有：belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,thought,order,suggestion,wish,answer,information,conclusion,decision,knowledge,opinion,problem,promise,question,plan,report,truth,view等。例如：①Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedyesterday.這就是昨天我們參觀過的地方。（定語從句）②Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tattendthemeeting.我們不知道他們（為什么）沒有參加會議的原因。（定語從句）③Thetexttellsusafactthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.這篇課文又告訴我們一個事實，吸煙對健康危害很大。(同位語從句)④Ihadnoideawhenthesportsmeetwilltakeplace.我不知道運動會何時舉行。(同位語從句)4.3.2從句和先行詞的關(guān)系不同定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。例如：①Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考試及格這一消息使她父母很高興。此句中的同位語從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam。可以改寫成表語從句：Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.②Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。Thenewsthathetoldus是定語從句，此句就不能改寫為：Thenewsisthathetoldus.4.3.3引導詞及其作用不同引導定語從句的詞是關(guān)系詞，常見的關(guān)系詞有that,which,who,whose,whom,when,where,why,as等。關(guān)系詞除了連接主從句的作用外，還在定語從句中充當一定的句子成分，如主語、賓語、狀語、定語、表語等。引導同位語從句的that只起連接主從句的作用，不在從句中擔任任何成分。what,whether和how可以引導同位語從句，但不能引導定語從句。例如：①I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIsawtheGreatWall．我永遠不會忘記我見到長城的那一天。（定語從句，關(guān)系副詞when作從句狀語）②Thefactthat(which)wetalkedaboutisveryimportant．我們所談論的那個事實很重要。（定語從句，that在從句中作about的賓語）③Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody．他實驗成功這個事實使我們大家很高興。（同位語從句，that只起連接作用）④Ihavenoideawhathehasdone.我不知道他做了什么。（同位語從句）⑤Ihaveadoubtwhetherhewillbewarmlywelcomed.我懷疑他是否能受到熱烈歡迎。(同位語從句)⑥Youhavenoideahowworriedhewas.你不知道他是多么擔心！(同位語從句)定語從句與強調(diào)句用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_________ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_________MrWangworks．解析：定語從句與強調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于：強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis／was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that＋從句”。被強調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當被強調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因為被強調(diào)部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是強調(diào)句，故填that。此種情況檢測的標準是：先把強調(diào)句中的Itis／was去掉，再把被強調(diào)部分還原，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子仍然成立則為強調(diào)句，否則為定語從句。將第①小題改為：ImetLiangWeionthemorningofMay1stattheairport．顯然，這句話是正確的，故為強調(diào)句。②小題則是定語從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前差個介詞in，故填where。定語從句與習慣句型:用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。①Itisthefirsttime________shehasbeeninShanghai．②Itwasthetime________Chinesepeoplehadahardlife．解析：這里①小題是一個習慣句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis／wasthefirst／second．．．time＋that從句。故①填that，其意為：這是她第一次在上海。②小題thetime是先行詞，其后是表示時間的定語從句，故填when。定語從句與單句用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,__________didn'thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork.__________didn'thelp．解析：含有定語從句的復合句與兩個單句的主要區(qū)別在于：前者有主句，有從句，必須有關(guān)系詞；而后者則是兩個單獨的句子，不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。①小題兩個句子用逗號連接且沒有并列連詞，顯然應是主從句關(guān)系，因此需用關(guān)系詞which，前面整個句子作先行詞；②小題則填It，代替前面的整個句子。解題時，注意標點符號的運用。5．近9年高考真題再現(xiàn)（課堂練習）1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.[07上海]A.which B.that C.where D.it2.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.[07山東]A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where3.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.[07安徽]A.noneofthem B.bothofthem C.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom4.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy[07北京]A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom5.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,______canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.[07湖南]A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingA.afterwhich B.afterthatC.inwhich D.inthat7.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheheededtodecidewhattodo.[07江西卷]A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where8.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.[07全國卷I]A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where9.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersof