2022高三英語基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)

高三英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)一胡小力馬燕范存智（一）動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)是英語的一個特點，在漢語中，無論動作發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在，還是將來，動詞的寫法是不變的。因此，受漢語思維的影響，中國學(xué)生在寫英語中出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)錯誤屢見不鮮。例1，時態(tài)與時間狀語不一致：錯誤：Overthelast100years,therewerealotofgreatinventionshappeninginhumansociety.正確：Overthelast100years,therehavebeenalotofgreatinventionshappeninginhumansociety.Overthelast100years表示持續(xù)的一段時間，因此，謂語動詞需要用現(xiàn)在完成時，類似的短語還有duringthepast/thelastfewdays,inthepast/thelastfewmonths等。例2，時態(tài)的相互呼應(yīng)不一致：錯誤：Iaskedmymothertobuymeanewdress,butdoesn’thaveenoughmoneyforit.正確：Iaskedmymothertobuymeanewdress,butshedidn’thaveenoughmoneyforit.并列句時態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。由于動詞時態(tài)是初中語法知識的內(nèi)容，很多高三考生在備考中并不重視動詞時態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)。然而，動詞時態(tài)作為語法知識的主干知識，是高考英語必須過關(guān)的語法項目。動詞時態(tài)的掌握為動詞的語態(tài)、語氣以及非謂語動詞的掌握奠定了重要的基礎(chǔ)。初中所學(xué)習(xí)的動詞時態(tài)知識基本上停留在基本概念的學(xué)習(xí)和理解，缺乏綜合運用方面的訓(xùn)練。但是，高考英語對動詞時態(tài)的考查，要求考生要具備動詞時態(tài)靈活運用的能力，例如寫作試題，很多考生由于動詞時態(tài)基礎(chǔ)差，導(dǎo)致所寫短文無法上檔次、得高分。近幾年高考英語的單選試題，很多考生由于動詞時態(tài)的綜合性和語境化運用能力不強導(dǎo)致丟分。語法動詞時態(tài)的備考重點可以概括為：“321”，即3個一般時、2個進行時和1個完成時，尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時的用法是考查熱點。英語的現(xiàn)在完成時的用途之廣及其重要性，除現(xiàn)在、過去和將來之外，遠為其它時態(tài)所不及。這主要是因為，現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對目前狀況產(chǎn)生的影響或延續(xù)到目前的狀況，這一功能也是一般過去時所不具備的。例如：Chinahasalwaysbeenonthesideofallthosepeace-lovingcountries.該句通過完成時既陳述了中國的立場，也表達了中國對愛好和平國家的支持，還顯示出中國的氣質(zhì)和態(tài)度。一個時態(tài)能傳示出如此之廣的信息，當(dāng)屬英語這一時態(tài)的獨到之處?，F(xiàn)在完成時的功用基本為以下五點：對已經(jīng)開始的動作的結(jié)局的總結(jié):Theyhavecompletedthewholeproject.---Youhaveleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I’llgo andturnitoff.(NMET2000)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingIhaveeverhadbefore.(NMET2022)對過去動作持續(xù)到目前或延續(xù)到將來的過程描述:Ihavethoughtthatthere’ssomethingmoreimportantthanmoney.3）交待過去的動作或行為對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響：Ihaveseenthebookalready.Thepricehasgonedown,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.(NMET99)ShirleywaswritingabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.（NMET98）4）表示某一時段內(nèi)某種動作或行為的重復(fù)性或固定性：Ihavetoldherhowtousethecomputer.5）在條件句中表示將來要完成的動作：BythetimeIhavereadthewholebookthrough,I’llletyouknowwhatIthinkaboutthebook.就跟隨現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的狀語而言，其數(shù)目也遠比某些其它時態(tài)要多得多。這就從另一個側(cè)面反映了該時態(tài)的重要性。還有一些難點是：不表示現(xiàn)在完成意義的現(xiàn)在完成時：已故偉人的言行Newtonhasexplainedthemovementsofthemoonfromtheattractionsoftheearth.FewwritershaveexposedtheevilsoftheoldsocietyofChinasopenetratinglyasLuXunhasdone.用于時間或條件狀語從句里，表示將來某時間以前已完成的動作We’llstartattwelveifithasstoppedrainingbythattime.YoumustcometocallmeafterIhavefinishedthework.可以用在when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，其主句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時。這時從句謂語動詞不是表示將來或現(xiàn)在的“完成”，而是強調(diào)“經(jīng)常性的”做完某事以后。Theyoftenplaybasketballaftertheyhavehadsupper.HebeginstoreadEnglishaloudassoonashehasdonehisexercises.--I’mgoingtoleaveattheendofthismonth.--Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntilyouhavefoundanotherjob.(06北京)havegot表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼囊饬x，相當(dāng)于動詞have(has)或will(shall)haveWehavegottoworktomorrowafternoonthoughit’sSaturday.動詞時態(tài)中的一般過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時和將來時在學(xué)習(xí)的過程看似容易，但是，在高考英語中丟分也很常見。例如以下有關(guān)動詞時態(tài)的高考試題的通過率基本沒有過半，個別試題的通過率是單項填空試題中最低的。1.---Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.---It’s9568442.(NMET95)A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t2.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe______!(NMET98)A.promise B.promised C.willpromise D.hadpromised3.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.(NMET2022)A.ischanging B.haschanged C.willhavechangedD.willchange4.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI_____halfofit.(NMET2022)A.wasmissing B.hadmissed C.willmiss D.missed5.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents______alwayswherethey_____today.（北京05年）A.aren’t;are B.aren’t;were C.weren’t;are D.weren’t;were我們可以從以上高考試題中明顯地感悟到，近幾年高考試題通過增加綜合性與語境化因素，考查動詞時態(tài)運用能力已成為試題的考查重點。一般過去時的功用大致可分為以下四種：表示主語過去的動作或處于過去某階段的狀態(tài)，Hedranktoomuch.（過去動作）Shewasverysad.（過去狀態(tài)）表示過去某段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，Heoftencamebackhomelate.表示過去某段時間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的事或動作，Therewasafloodeveryyearintheregion.在條件和時間狀語從句中表示過去將來要發(fā)生的動作，Althoughhewasinpoorhealth,hewouldnotstopworking.使用一般過去時應(yīng)該注意三點：跟隨一般過去時的常用副詞或時間狀語；動詞過去式語用的準(zhǔn)確把握，切記過去時只是用來反映過去某階段所發(fā)生的事情，牽涉對目前的影響；動詞過去式的正確拼寫。將來時在初中一年級就已經(jīng)學(xué)到了。但是，一些非將來時形式表示的將來時間是動詞時態(tài)的難點。非將來時形式表示的將來時間有以下幾方面：一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來1）Thetalkisabouttobegin.“beabouttodo”通常用于書面語中，表示最近即將發(fā)生的動作，不能和表示將來時間的狀語連用，但可與now連用。2）I’msureyou’llsucceedifyouworkharder.用于條件狀語從句中。3）Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.用于讓步狀語從句中4）TomorrowisSunday.I’mthirtyinSeptember.一些表示日期、年齡等的名詞作表語時，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。5）I’llgiveyouanythingyouaskfor。Onewhocomeswillbewelcome.在限定性定語從句中，將來的動作應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。2、一般過去時表將來在一些間接引語或類似間接引語的句子中，雖然指的是將來的行動，但為了表明將來兩件事發(fā)生的先后的時間關(guān)系，可用過去時表示先發(fā)生的那一件事。1）Iwonderedifyouwerefreetonight.Ithoughtyouwouldcometoknowhim.在口語中，表示“試探性”以示客氣和尊重時，要用過去時表示將來或現(xiàn)在的行動。2)IfIwrotetomybrothertomorrow,hewouldreceivetheletteronTuesday.在if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件從句里，將來的動作必須用過去時的形式表示。3、將來時的其他用法1)PresidenttoSignBill(=PresidentIsGoingtoSigntheBill)在報刊標(biāo)題中，介詞to常用來表示將來時。2)Tellhimtocomeearlywhenyoumeethim.在祈使句里，謂語動詞用的是現(xiàn)在時形式，但表示的卻是將來要發(fā)生的事情。時態(tài)與寫作：在敘事寫人的過程中，你如果能把握好文章的語言特點，準(zhǔn)確地使用好動詞的時態(tài)，才能使敘事的過程有層次感和立體感。例如以下考生描述自己所經(jīng)歷的一件事：ItwasaMondaymorningonJuly7whenthefinalexaminationscametoanend,mymothersuddenlydecidedtotakemetoBeijingforatrip.IwasfarmorepleasedthanIexpected.Wewenttherebytrainandstayedinmyuncle’shome.ThosedayswewenttotheTempleofHeaven,theZooofBeijing,theSummerPalaceandtheForbiddenCity.Beijingisnotonlyacitywithalonghistorybutalsoaverymodernizedone.Wecanseehighbuildingseverywhere.Beijing’strafficisveryconvenient.Therearealotofbuses,taxis,minibuses,trolleybusesandsubways.Now,variousconstructionalprojectsareunderconstructionfor2022BeijingOlympicGames.Ithinkwhentheprojectsarefinished,Beijingwillbemorebeautiful!該文以一種時態(tài)為主（過去時），多種時態(tài)為輔，正確、合理地使用了豐富的謂語動詞時態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了敘述文的語言特征。由于動詞時態(tài)運用的準(zhǔn)確，使文章有“動”感，這種讓往事再現(xiàn)的“動感”是優(yōu)秀敘述文所要追求的。（二）非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞是漢語中沒有的語言現(xiàn)象。但是它在英語中的作用僅次于動詞時態(tài)。非謂語動詞的特點是，它在句中不作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。然而它可以作其他各種成分，如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、表語等。其難點是它的動詞特點；即可以有自己的賓語、狀語以及時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。因此，非謂語動詞是高中語法學(xué)習(xí)的難點和重點，是高分考生必須具備的語法知識基礎(chǔ)。非謂語動詞掌握的如何在高考中是可以拉開檔次的，是高考中的熱點和失分點。例如以下高考試題通過率非常低，但是對一本考生有很好的篩選作用：

1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout2._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(NMET2022)A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2022)A.begins B.havingbegun C.beginning D.begun4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2022)A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seen掌握非謂語動詞用法有以下幾方面的關(guān)鍵點：1.謂語還是非謂語 錯誤：Mary,cominghere–everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.(NMET2022) 正確：Mary,comehere–everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.2.主動還是被動 1)錯誤：Therehavebeenseveralneweventsaddingtotheprogramforthe2022BeijingOlympicGames.(北京2022) 正確：Therehavebeenseveralneweventsaddedtotheprogramforthe2022BeijingOlympicGames. 2)錯誤：Whencompareddifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(2022浙江) 正確：Whencomparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities. 3)錯誤：Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensespayingvacationtoChina.(2022北京)正確：Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensespaidvacationtoChina.4)錯誤：Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youhavehaditexplainingoftenenough.(2022天津) 正確：Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youhavehaditexplainedoftenenough.3.動作狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表明的動作之前1)錯誤：Themanager,makingitcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeeting.(2022江西)正確：Themanager,havingmadeitcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeeting2)錯誤：Iremembertocallhimupthismorningandhepromisedtocome.正確：Iremembercallinghimupthismorningandhepromisedtocome.4.動作狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去還是將來1)錯誤：---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaidtoleavethestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2022江蘇)正確：---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial. 5.搭配todo還是doing 1)錯誤：Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisktolosethegoodopportunity.(2022上海) 正確：Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.2)錯誤：Theroomneedstoclean.正確：Theroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.3)錯誤：Hehurriedtothestationonlyfindingthatthetrainhadleft.(2022廣東)正確：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.6.是不定式的‘to’還是介詞‘to’1)錯誤：Isn’tittimeyougotdowntomarkthepapers?（2022重慶）正確：Isn’tittimeyougotdowntomarkingthepapers?2)錯誤：Heisusedtoliveinthenorth.正確：Heisusedtolivinginthenorth.3)錯誤：Heusedtoswimminginthesmallriver.正確：Heusedtoswiminthesmallriver.7.是‘-ed’形式還是‘-ing’形式1)錯誤：Surprisingandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.（2022全國）正確：Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.2)錯誤：Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleftunsatisfying.(2022天津)正確：Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleftunsatisfied.由于非謂語動詞在中學(xué)課本里出現(xiàn)的比較分散，很多考生往往缺乏比較完整系統(tǒng)的概念，特別是它們之間的區(qū)別。易錯易混非謂語動詞的用法：1、todo還是doing:todo常表示具體的將要發(fā)生的動作或事情，側(cè)重動作，而doing往往表示概念性和習(xí)慣性的動作或事情，側(cè)重事情。（1）remembertodo記住要做……(動作)rememberdoing記住做過……（事情）（2）trytodo設(shè)法做……(動作)trydoing嘗試……(事情)（3）meantodo想要/計劃/打算做……(動作)meandoing意味著……(事情)2、doing和havingdonedoing/havingdone都表示主動，doing表示和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時或之后發(fā)生，havingdone側(cè)重動作發(fā)生在謂語之前；done/havingbeendone都表示被動，done表示和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，havingbeendone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。Waitingoutside,shefelttiredandworried.ThetrainleavesBeijingatsix,arrivingatTianjinatseven.Havingdoneallhiswork,hewenttobed.Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2022福建)Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.(2022湖北)3、todo/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing有了時態(tài)語態(tài)的基本概念，不定式各種形式的含義和作用就不難理解和使用。todo/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing都表示主動，todo往往表示將來，即在謂語動作之后發(fā)生，tobedoing表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生，tohavedone表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，tohavebeendoing表示一直持續(xù)到謂語動作；tobedone/tohavebeendone都表示被動，前者表示將來，即在謂語動作之后發(fā)生，后者表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生。Heissaidtostudyabroadsoon.據(jù)說他很快要出國學(xué)習(xí)。Heissaidtobestudyingabroadnow.據(jù)說他現(xiàn)在正在國外學(xué)習(xí)。Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad.據(jù)說他留過洋。Heissaidtohavebeenstudyingabroadforyears.據(jù)說他在國外留學(xué)多年。Heissaidtobegivenaprize.據(jù)說要給他獎勵。Heissaidtohavebeengivenagoldmedal.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)獲得金牌。4、非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時，不定式一般表示原因、目的或結(jié)果，但往往都是句型或搭配，而doing的用法比較多，可以表示伴隨、方式、時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步等等。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.(結(jié)果)Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(結(jié)果)Iamgladtomeetyou.（原因）Hecameearlyinorder/soastositinthefirstrow.（目的）Inordertositinthefirstrow,hecameearly.=Tositinthefirstrow,hecameearly.（目的）Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhisdaddead.(結(jié)果)此外，有一些屬于搭配用法，需要一些強化記憶，經(jīng)常不用自然會淡忘。可以總結(jié)一些規(guī)律性的東西。1）有些動詞往往接doing作賓語。如：admit,avoid,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,mind,miss,permit,practice,risk,suggest,understand等；2）有些動詞搭配的to是介詞，后面還需接doing或名詞作賓語。如：be(get)usedto,lookforwardto,devoteto,objectto,subjectto,getdownto，referto,stickto等等；3）有些是固定搭配。如：spend…(in)doing;hear/see/watch/feel/listento/lookat/observe…do/doing/done;find…doing/done;have…do/doing/done;get…todo/doing/done;leave…doing/done;make/let…do;makeoneselfdone;4)有些是固定句式。如：Thereisnoneed/doubttodo…;It’snouse/gooddoing…;Itremainstobeseen…;Sb/Sthissaid/reported/thought/believedtodo…;（一）動詞時態(tài)練習(xí)一、單項填空1.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.hasstopped B.stopped C.willstop D.stop2.--Willyougotothemuseumtomorrow?--IwillifI______novisitor.A.have B.willhave C.wouldhave D.amhaving3.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe______.A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadeverhad D.hadeverhad4.Let’skeeptothepointorwe______anydecisions.A.willneverreach B.haveneverreachedC.neverreach D.neverreached5.Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe______hersomewhere.A.saw B.hasseen C.sees D.hadseen6.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympic______by2022.A.hasbeencompleted B.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompleted D.willhavecompleted7.--Areyoustillbusy?--Yes,I______mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish B.amjustfinishing C.havejustfinished D.amjustgoingtofinish8.Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents______thattheywon’tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.A.weredeciding B.havedecided C.decided D.willdecided9.Father______forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.A.hasleft B.left C.wasleaving D.hadleft10.--Whatwouldyoudoifit_______tomorrow?--Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rain B.rains C.willrain D.israining二、短文填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用所給動詞正確形式填空。DearMr.Jackson，I’mwritingtoyoutotellyouaboutaproblemthat1(happen)duringmymove.Twomonthsago,yourmoversmovedmefrom7554N.Oaklandto6761N.Williams.Whilethey2(carry)mytableupstairs,theydroppeditandbrokethecorneroftheglasstop.WhenI3(point)itouttothem,theysaidthatthey4(speak)totheownerabouttheproblem.I5(live)inmynewapartmentfortwomonthsalready,andsofarI6(nothear)anythingfromyourmovingcompany.I’mgettingangrybecausemytableisstillbroken.I7(want)youtocometomyhouseassoonaspossiblesothatyoucanlookatthedamage.Whenyou8(come)here,youwillseethatthedamageisconsiderable.Iwantyoutotakecareofthisproblemimmediately.Youcanpayforthedamageor9(replace)theglasstopofthetable.Pleasecallmewhenyoureceivethislettersothatwecansetupanappointment.Iknowthatyouhaveinsurance.I10(use)yourcompanybefore,andIhaverecommendedyourcompanytomanyofmyfriends.However,ifyoudon’tfixmytable,I’llneveruseyourcompanyagain.Inaddition,I’lltellmyfriendsthatyoudon’ttakeresponsibilityfordamage.三、短文改錯OnMay22,2022,IwitnessedfireaccidentonZhongyuanRoadonmywayhomeonfoot.Itisaroundfiveo’clockintheafternoon andthewindwassostrong.HardlyhaveIgottoamajorcrossroads 2._______whenIheardpeoplescream“fire!fire!”,andIstopped. 3._______Atwo-storiedhousesacrossthestreetwasonfire,and 4._______Idialed119quickly.Thefirebrigadecameimmediately andbringthesituationundercontrolsoon.Thefirewasputout 5._______halfanhourlater,andnoseriousdamagedid. 6._______Inmyeyes,themajorresponsibilityforthisaccidentwasnotrelatedtohumanbeings.Itwasthatthewire 7._______wassomuchagedsothattheaccidenttakesplace. 8._______Theweatherwasalsotoblame.Asthewindhadnotbeensostrong, 9._______theconsequencewouldnotbesoserious. 四、書面表達中學(xué)生英語報大家談欄目9月刊將開展有關(guān)發(fā)展汽車業(yè)方面的討論，請你寫一篇短文，發(fā)表你的觀點。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（二）非謂語動詞練習(xí)一、單項填空1.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat2.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offering B.tooffer C.tobeoffered D.offered3.___automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers. A.Mailedout B.Mailingout C.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout4.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket____thedesert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.tocover5.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand. A.tomake B.tobemade C.tohavebeenmade D.tobemaking6.Ireallycan’tunderstand____herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating7.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered____attheparty,butnot___. A.toarrive;leaving B.toarrive;toleave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;toleave8.Eugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__withhim. A.toargue B.arguing C.argued D.havingargued9.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly___thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout. A.tobetold B.totell C.told D.telling10.Ican’tstand____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stopping B.towork;stopping C.working;tostop D.towork;tostop二、單句填空1.Wecouldn'tavoid(invite)thematXmas!2.Hehasnevermanaged(tell)youallaboutit.3.Didyouattempt(talk)tomeaftertheparty?4.Myparentsdeserve(be)happy.5.Ibetyouwillprefer(spend)aweekinVenice.6.Astudentcan'tlearn(spell)without(teach).7.Haveyoueverwatchedpeople(try)tocatchfish?8.Ifyoudislike(peel)onions,try(wear)glassesand(hold)themunderwaterwhile(do)so.

9.On(hear)her(speak)everyonetookherforaforeigner.

10.Ipromise(give)youanopportunity(ask)questionsbefore(leave)theclassroomafter(listen)tomylesson.

11.Imustremember(remind)thestudentsthatthisgrammarpointneeds(revise).

12.Idon'twanttomiss(hear)thechoiragain.

13.Iadviseyou(wait)beforedeciding(accept)thatpositionatthesupermarket.三、短文填空Stop1（smoke）Evenifyouareyoung2(smoke)canaffectyourhealth.Youaremorelikely3(be)atriskofcoughsandrespiratoryinfections.Inthelongtermyourisk4(have)aheartattackor5(get)lungcancer.Assoonasyouquit6(smoke)yourbodystarts7(repair)thedamagethat'sbeendone.Youmightthinkit'shard8(give)up9(smoke),but1,000peopleinBritainstop10(smoke)-anddonotstartagain-everyday.四、短文改錯（可以有一詞改為二詞或反之）I’mLiHua,aboyof18,presentlyattendBeijingSchoolIlikemeetingnewpeopleandenjoytotalkwiththem. 2________Believeweallneedhelpfromeachother,Iappreciate 3________Friend’shelp,andI’mwillinghelpinganyoneinneed. 4________Iusuallyspendalotoftimetoreadallkindsofbooks 5________inthelibrarysoastolearnhowmakingfriends.My 6________parentsoftentellsmewaystotalkingtodifferentpeople. 7________Havinggivenadvice,I’vemadegreatprogress.Now, 8________I’moftenaskedtobegivensuggestionstoothers.What 9________ismore,I’mtryingtousedifferentwaystomakeit. 10_______（一）動詞時態(tài)練習(xí)參考答案：一、單項填空1-5AADAD6-10CBBDB二、短文填空1.happened2.werecarrying3.pointed4.wouldspeak5.havebeenliving6.haven’theard7.want8.come9.replace10haveused三、短文改錯1.is→was2.had→have3.scream→screaming4.house→houses5.bring→brought6.did→wasdone7.that→because8.takes→took9.As→If10.be→havebeen四、書面表達SinceChinahasbecomeamemberofWTO,thepriceofcarshasbeengoingdown.Moreandmorefamilieshavegotorarethinkingofbuyingcars.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthis.Automobileindustrywilldevelopwithgrowingdemandofcars.Thiswillprovidemorejobopportunities.Morepeoplewillbeemployedinthecarrepairing.Therewillbemoregasstations,too.Andtravelismademoreconvenientthanbefore.Butthebuildingofnewroadstakesamuchlongertimethanthedevelopmentofcarindustry.Andmanymorecarsrequireamuchlargerparkingspace.Withmorecarsontheroadtheproblemofairpollutionwillbecomeevenmoreserious.SoIthinkpeoplewillhavetothinkofawaytosolvetheseproblemsbeforeeverythinggetsoutofcontrol.（二）非謂語動詞練習(xí)參考答案：一、單項填空1—5DDAAB6—10DCBAC二、單句填空1.inviting2.totell3.totalk4.tobe5.tospend6.tospell,beingtaught7.trying8.peeling,wearing,holding,doing9.hearing,speak10.togive,toask,leaving,listening11.toremind,revising12.hearing13.towait,toaccept三、短文填空1.smoking 2.smoking3.tobe4.having5.getting6.smoking7.repairing8.togive9.smoking10.smoking四、短文改錯1.attendattending2.totalktalking3.BelieveBelieving4.helpingtohelp5.toreadreadingtomaketalk/toof/\been 9.begivengiveuseusing高三英語基礎(chǔ)知識復(fù)習(xí)（中）----復(fù)合句范存智馬燕胡小力高三考生對所學(xué)過的復(fù)合句進行全面的梳理是英語語法備考的重要內(nèi)容之一。復(fù)合句的學(xué)習(xí)貫穿于初高中全學(xué)段，因此是高考的重點和熱點，是高考過關(guān)的語法項目。因為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹慕涣鳎绻麤]有復(fù)合句，語言的表達可能就會比較平淡、乏味。例如以下段落的比較，表達的效果截然不同。Englishbecomesmoreimportant.Allofusknowthefact.Oursocietyismoreopentotheworld.Butitisdifficulttolearn.IhavelearnedEnglishforsevenyears.ButIstillcannotmasteritwell.Andwehaven’tanenvironment.（簡單句堆積，語義缺乏連貫。）ItiswellknownthatEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant,especiallytoasocietymoreopentotheoutsideworld.Itisdifficult,however,tohaveabettercommandofit----althoughIhavelearnedEnglishfor7years----becauseofthelackofanEnglish-speakingenvironment.（修改后的段落，由于句式的變化使語義連貫、有層次，表達生動有力。）掌握各種從句的重要性還體現(xiàn)在日常生活中閱讀文章、書信往來、口語表述等。并且在現(xiàn)實的語言交流中不都是單一類型復(fù)合句的運用，因此在復(fù)習(xí)梳理的過程中要重視復(fù)合句的綜合運用能力的提高。例如以下高考閱讀中出現(xiàn)的長句理解（一句話中使用了不同種類的復(fù)合句）：1.She’daskmeiftherewassomeoneforwhomIhaddoneaspecialkindness.(全國I卷A篇2.Asagirl,though,IhadmorefunimaginingthatitmightbeaboyIhadruninto.(全國I卷A篇3.ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswhoseemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofanycountryunderstandEnglishiftheyshoutloudenough.4.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyears,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.復(fù)習(xí)要點1、掌握基本概念（各復(fù)合句概念，尤其要掌握關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用）2、學(xué)會綜合分析（長難句分析）3、課文精讀時注意長句子的理解；課外閱讀每天必須保持一定數(shù)量，從中擇一篇準(zhǔn)精讀，其中一項是對長難句分析的領(lǐng)會，久而久之就會形成對復(fù)雜句領(lǐng)悟的能力；書面表達時注意使用較復(fù)雜的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，嘗試使用復(fù)合句，提高文章的檔次。復(fù)習(xí)重點關(guān)聯(lián)詞的靈活運用名詞從句：連接代詞和連接副詞的靈活運用名詞性從句使用的連接代詞有：that,who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever；連接副詞有：when,where,why,how。主句與從句間必須使用上述連接詞（that除外）,that在從句中沒有任何意思，也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何語法成分外，其他連接詞在從句中必須充任一個語法成分。名詞性從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用要注意以下幾方面：A.if,whether何時、如何使用1)我不知道珍妮今晚是否參加聚會。Idon’tknowif(whether)Janewillcometothepartythisevening.2)他是否能來關(guān)系不大。Whetherhecomesornotdoesnotmattertoomuch.3)問題是新法律能否獲得通過。Thequestioniswhetherthelawcanbepassed.結(jié)論:用在賓語從句，不起任何作用，作“是否”解。作“是否”解時，Whether出現(xiàn)在主語從句和表語從句中，不能用if。B.what在從句中的作用和解釋.1)錯誤：Idon’tknowwhatthematteris.正確：Idon’tknowwhatisthematter.(主語)2）錯誤：Doyouknowwhatishappened?正確：Doyouknowwhatishappening?（主語）3）錯誤：：Tellmewhatisyourname.正確：Tellmewhatyournameis.（表語）4）錯誤：Hesaidwhatjustnowmademesad.正確：Whathesaidjustnowmademesad.（賓語）結(jié)論：保留“什么”這一意思；譯成中文時，用“所……的”解釋。在句子中可以作主語、表語和賓語。when,where,how,why為連接副詞，在句子中的作用是比較明確的。例如：1)Canyoutellmehowyoucamehere?2)Whenandwherewilltheconferencebeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.主語從句:形成固定句型，其實是被動語態(tài).例如,表示“據(jù)說，據(jù)悉，據(jù)信，眾所周知，據(jù)報載”的句型：Itissaidthat….Itisknownthat….Itisbelievedthat….Itiswellknownthat…,Itisreportedthat….1）據(jù)報道,印度2022年軟件出口達到173億美圓,大約是中國的5倍。Itisreportedthatin2022,India’sSoftwareexportsreachedUS$billion,aboutfivetimesthatofChina.2）據(jù)悉兩家著名法國影視學(xué)會4月ItisbelievedthattwofamousacademiesopenedtheirfirstoverseasbranchinBeijingonApril8.3）據(jù)說哪個女孩出國留學(xué)去了。Itissaidthatthatgirlhasgoneabroadforfurthereducation.=Thatgirlissaidtohavegoneabroadforfurthereducation.但是Itiswell-known….就不這樣使用。比如，Itiswell-knownthatChinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.就不寫成Chinaiswell-knowntobethelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.其他主語從句示例：4)ThatmostoftheselanguagesarenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertopeopleinBritain.5)Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.6）Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewershowedinterestinherlessons.(上海2000)表語從句:1)ThereasonwhyIplantogoisthatshewillbedisappointedifIdon’t.2)Hedidn’tgocyclingwithusyesterday.That’sbecausetherewassomethingwrongwithhisbike.3.)Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoingsomethingforthemselves.結(jié)論:主語從句與出現(xiàn)在系動詞后邊的與表語從句若從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，要用that作連接詞，that無任何意思，也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何語法成分，僅僅表示所引導(dǎo)的是個從句。若表達“是否”這一概念時要用whether,不能用if。前邊例句中用到what,why,because因為從句結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，分別缺少賓語、狀語。同位語從句：1)Theideathathecouldbechosentodothejobsuddenlycametomymind.2)Myproposalthateveryoneinourunitshoulddonateatleastfivebookstothosewhostudyinruralplacescanbediscussedbeforeitisrealized.3)TheideathatEnglandstandsforFish&Chips,Speakers’Corner,BigBenandtheTowerofLondonispast.(B遇到thefact,theidea,thenews,theplan,theproposal,thesuggestion,thethought,等詞匯時，后邊用引導(dǎo)一個同位語從句，對前邊的名詞作進一步說明賓語從句：名詞作賓語---最基本的常識1）IamgoodatEnglish.HespeaksChinese.賓語從句2）TheBritishIslesrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration.3）SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.(abovetwoB.2A4）能告訴我他為什么還沒露面嗎？Couldyoutellmewhyhehasn’tturnedup?5）我不清楚老師住在哪里。Idon’tknowwhereourteacherlives.6）Doyouknowwhyhehasn’tturnedup?以上例句中that沒有其任何語法作用，也沒有任何意思;而what,why,where分別作從句的主語、狀語。注意：*Whodoyouthinkcandothework?*Whendoyousupposeshewillcome.結(jié)論：在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中主句與從句有時態(tài)要求；遇到有think,suppose,guess的問句時，連接詞提前到句首；介詞后邊的賓語從句應(yīng)特別注意：1）I’msatisfiedwithwhatyousaid.2）Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesdownstairs.3）Iaminterestedinhowyoudidtheexperiment.2、定語從句：形容詞作定語系基本概念各類短語作定語Ihavenojewellerytowear.Thisisthebestwaytocureaheadache.ThemanwithglassesoncomesfromPekingThebirdsinthetreearesinging.Therearetworiv