小托福官方指南

.

LanguageandMeaning

1.

A.Firsttime B.Thefirsttime

C.Beingthefirsttime D.Itwasthefirsttime

（ ）ImetHenryIwasjustsevenyearsold.Hisfamilymovedinto

thebig,oldhousenextdoortoours.Iamanonlychild,soIwas( )

A.Amazed B.Ignored C.Accepted D.Expected

byhow bigHenry’sfamily was.Henry’sthreeolder sisters,his

grandparents,andanuncle( )

Inthehousetogetheralllived

Livedtogetherinallthehouse

Togetherallinthehouselived

Alllivedinthehousetogether

withHenryandhisparents.EventhoughHenrywastwoyears( )

Olderthanme

AsoldwasI

OlderthanI

OldasI

was,wequicklybecamefriend.

.

.

2.Aparasiteisalivingthingthatbenefitsattheexpenseof( )

A.The B.That C.Other D.Another

Livingthing.Abroodparasiteisacreature-----usuallyabird,fish,or

insect---( )

A.Tricks B.Totrick C.Tricking D.Thattricks

anothercreatureintoraisingitsyoung.Abroodparasitebirdputsitsown

eggsintoanotherbird ’snestand( )

A.Lets B.Itlet C.Tolet D.Letting

theotherbirdtakecareoftheeggs.Cuckoos,cowbirds,andwidowbirds

arethreeexamples( )

A.Of B.By C.For D.From

birdsthatarebroodparasites.Whenthebabybirdshatchfromtheireggs,

thehostbird----thebirdthatisbeingtricked---feedsthebroodparasite ’s

baby( )

A.Itwereasif B.Wereasitif C.Asifitwere D.Ifasitwere

oneofitsown.Broodparasitesbirdsareabletofoolhostbirdsbecause

theireggslook( ）

A.Assimilar B.Sosimilar C.Similarand D.Similarthan

tothehostbird’seggs.

.

.

3.DearAuntTina，

Iamwriting （ ）

A.InvitingyouB.ToinviteyouC.YouareinvitedD.Hasinvitedyouto

mybirthdaypartyonSundayafternoon,May15.Allmyschoolfriends

andafewofmyteacherswillbe( )

A.Attending B.InvitingC.Staying D.Arriving

MymotheraskedmeifIwanedanyoneelsetocome,( )

A.But B.And C.While D.Therefore

thefirstpersonIthoughtof wasyou!Ihopeyouhavetodrive( )

Fortogetheretwohours

Twohoursfortogettothere

Togetfortwohoursthere

Fortwohourstogetthere

Butthepartyshouldbealotoffun,withmusic,games,and,ofcourse,

birthdaycake!

Love.Sandra

.

.

4.Thenextassignmentforartclasswillbedifferentfrom( )

A.Extra B.Previous C.Continued D.Interesting

ones.Thistime,you,thestudents,gettochoosewhateachofyouwants

tocreate.Youcandoaclaysculpture,adrawing,awatercolorpainting,

oranythingelse( )

Beforeweinclasshavedone

Doneinclasswehavebefore

Wehavebeforeinclassdone

Wehavedonebeforeinclass

Youcanchoose( )

A.Any B.That C.Some D.Another

subjectyouwant.Whatismoreimportantis( )

A.Itisthought B.Thatyouthink

C.YouthinkofitD.Whatyouthink

carefullyaboutwhatyouwanttocreatebeforeyoubegin..

.

.

5.Skijumpingisawintersport( )

A.The B.That C.Which D.Inwhich

competitorsskiquicklydownahillandlaunchthemselvesintotheair,

tryingtoflyas( )

FarispossibleB.PossiblyasfarC.FaraspossibleD.FarapossibilitySkijumpingwasstartedinnineteenthcenturybyaNorwegianarmyofficer,OlafRye.Heenjoyedskiingandlikedtoshowhisfellow

soldiers()

A.Sofarhecouldjump B.Howfarhecouldjump

C.Tobeabletojumpsofar D.andhecouldjumpthatfar

whileskiingdownhill.

( )

Littledidherealizethat

Thatlittledidherealize

Realizethatlittledidhe

Hedidrealizethatlittle

hisskiingtrickwouldgrowintoapopularsportingevent.Nowadays,ski

jumping isawell-known Winter Olympic sport. Athletes frommany

countries()

A.Win B.Stand C.Finish D.Compete

tojumpthefarthest.Unlikethefirstjumpsofthesport ’searlydays,

whichwere( )

.

.

A.Less B.Afew C.Alittle D.Asmall

dozenmeterslongatmost,( )

A.Thoseoftoday

B.Itisofthosetoday

C.Andthoseareoftoday

D.Tomakethoseoftoday

canexceed200meters.Givennewtechnologiesandadvancedtraining

techniques,skijumpingrecordswillsurelycontinue( )

Arebroken

Tobebroken

Breakingthem

Havebeenbreaking

.

.

6.Cornisatallplant( )

A.Itsstemscarry B.Stemscarrying

C.CarriedonitsstemsD.Withstemsthatcarry

edibleseedsgroupedinlargeears.Itis( )

A.One B.Some C.Many D.Another

oftheworld’smostimportantgrains.Itisusedin( )

Breakfastcerealsaremade

Tomakebreakfastcereals

Breakfastcerealstomake

Makingbreakfastcereals

flour,andsweeteners,amongotherthings.Cornisalsooneoftheoldest

crops,( )

A.Usingit B.HasuseditC.HasbeenusedD.Havingbeenused

Asafoodforthelast7,000years.Itisbelievedtohavebeenfirstgrown

byhumansin( )

A.nowMexico B.NowisMexico

C.WhatisnowMexico D.WhereMexicoisnow

Backthen,however,corndidnotlookquitethesame( )( )

A.Tocorntoday B.Asitdoestoday

C.Thatcornistoday D.Thantoday’sdoes

.

.

A.wildvarieties B.Wildvarietiesthat

C.varietieswerewild D.whetherwildvarieties

of cornhadonlyafewseedsineachyear.

( )

A.Until B.Itwas C.Although D.Therewas

byselectivelybreedingcornovermanyyearsthatNativeAmericans

developedtypesofcornwithhundredsofseedsperyear.

.

.

7.Houseboatsareboats( )

A.Servedashomes B.Andhomesserving

C.Thatserveashomes D.Ashomesthatareserved

forpeople.Knownthroughoutrecordedhistory,theyare( )

A.Yet B.Still C.Ever D.Then

usedbypeopleallaroundtheworld.( )

A.Itis B.When C.BecauseD.Although

thewaytheyaremademaybedifferentfromregiontoregion,houseboats

areverysimilarinmanyways.Mostofthemhaveflatbottoms,andthey

arewider( )

A.Of B.As C.Than D.From

normalboats.They( )

A.Build B.Arebuilt C.Havebuilt D.Arebuilding

toprovidealotoflivingspace,notforlong,dangerousvoyages.( )

A.infact B.Dueto C.Atlast D.Evenif

houseboatsarenotusedtotravelacrosswideoceans.Instead,theyoften

remaininonebodyofwater,suchasalakeora( )

A.Flows-slow B.Slowly-flows C.Flowed-slowlyD.Slow-flowing

river,forlongperiodsoftime.( )

A.Rarelytheyonlyare B.Onlyarerarelythey

C.Aretheyonlyrarely D.Onlyrarelyarethey

.

.

movedtonewplaces.

.

.

Reading

1. StudentVolunteerNeeded

th

OnSaturday,December12,from10A.M.Until4P.M.,Carverton

MiddleSchoolwillbeholdingamusicfestivalintheschoolgymnasium.

Thespecial eventwillfeatureavarietyofprofessional musicians and

singers.

WearelookingforCarvertonstudentstohelpwiththejobslisted

below.

Task

Time

Date

Makeposter

1P.M.-4P.M.

December5th

th

Setupgym

11A.M.-4P.M.

December11

th

Helpperformers

9A.M.-4P.M.

December12

th

Welcomeguests

10A.M.-2P.M.

December12

Cleanupgym

4P.M.-7P.M.

th

December12

InterestedstudentsshouldspeakwithMs.Braxton,themusicteacher.

Studentswhowouldliketohelpatthefestivalmusthavewritten

permissionfromaparentorguardian.

.

.

Questions:

1.Whattimewillthefestivalbegin?

A.10.A.M B.11A.M. C.1P.M. D.2P.M.

2.Inline2,thewordfeatureisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Look B.Keep C.Include D.entertain

3.Whatjobwillbedonethedaybeforethefestivalbegins?

A.Makingposters B.Settingupthegym

C.CleaningupthegymD.Helpingtheperformers

4.WhoistoldtotalktoMs.Braxton?

A.Parents B.Students C.TeachersD.Performers

2.

LastSaturday, thestudents inMr.Marshall ’socialstudies

classheldtheschool ’-evesfirstCurrentEventAwarenessDay.

Thestudentsthemselvescameupwiththeideafortheevent.

Aspartoftheirregularstudies, Mr.Marshallaskshisstudents to

readthenewspaper everydayandtofollow topics thattheyfound

particularlyinteresting.

Thestudents became knowledgeable aboutanumber ofcurrent

eventsandwantedtogetotherstudentsfromoutsidetheirclassmore

interestedinthenews.

For the event, Mr. Marshall ’sstudents formed into five

.

.

smallgroups.Eachgroupfocusedonaparticularareaincurrent

events.Themainareasincludedpolitics,theenvironment,the

economy,science,andinternationalrelations.

Thestudentspreparedpostersfortheshortpresentationsabout

theirtopics,whichtheythensharedwiththe230peoplewhoattended

theevent.

Mr.Marshallwasveryproudofhisstudentsandimpressed

withtheworktheyhaddone.

“They made the information easy for everyone to

understand, ”hesaid. “Theyevenmadeitentertaining! ”

Mr. Marshall hopesthe event will becomeanewschool

traditionthatwilltakeplaceeachyear.

1.Whichheadlinebestsummarizesthearticle?

StudentsFocusonCurrentEvents

FiveIssuesStudentsCareAboutMost

StudentNewspaperReadbyHundreds

Teacher’sPresentationInspiresStudents

2.Inline5,thewordknowledgeableisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Smart B.Bored C.Informed D.Well-known

Accordingtothearticle,whatassignmentdoesMr.Marshallregularlygivehisstudents?

.

.

A.Readingthenewspaper B.Givingclasspresentations

C.DoingresearchatthelibraryD.Writingaboutcurrentevents

Accordingtothearticle,whatmadeeachstudentgroupdifferentfromtheothers?

A.ThenumberofpeopleinitB.ThescheduleithadtofollowC.ThekindofmaterialsitmadeD.Thecurrenteventsitdiscussed

Inline10,thewordtheyrefersto?

A.Topics B.Posters C.Students D.Presentations

6.Basedon hiscomments, what didMr.Marshall think about

theevent?

A.Itwasdifficulttoplan

B.Itwaslargerthanexpected

C.Itwasbotheducationalandfun

D.Itwasbetterthanlastyear ’sevent

3. Well-known in many countries,tug-of-war isasports

eventwitheasyrulesandalotofaction.Onagrassyfield,two

teamspullonoppositeendsofarope.Theteamthatcanpullthe

otherteam toitssideof the fieldtriumphs. Manyplaceshave

local tug-of-war clubs that competeagainsteach other.An

.

.

internationalorganizationsetstherulesofthecompetition.

Ifonetug-of-warteamweighsmuchmorethantheotherteam,

thenitiseasierfortheheavierteamtowin.Tokeepcontestsfair,all

eightpullersonateammustbeweighed.Onlyteamswithsimilar

weighscompeteagainsteachother.

Thethrilloftug-of-warhasbeenknownforaverylongtime.

Infact,itisoneoftheworld ’soldesteventgoingbackmanycenturies.

Tug-of-warexistedinmanyplacesinancienttimes,includingGreece,

Egypt,andKorea.AtonepointitwasevenincludedintheOlympic

Games.ItwasintroducedintotheOlympicsin1900,justfouryears

afterthefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896inGreece.It

wasapartoftheOlympicsuntil1920,whentheropewaspulledforthe

finaltimeasanofficialOlympicevent.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

Gamesofstrengthandspeed

Asimplebutexcitingcontest

Changingtherulesofafungame

TheoldestsportsattheOlympicGames

2.Inline3,thewordtriumphsisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Wins B.Arrives C.Relaxes D.Getstired

.

.

Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakeatug-of-warcontestunfair?

A.HavingeightpullersoneachteamB.Includingpullerswholiketug-of-war

C.Keepingteamsonoppositesidesofthesamerope

D.Havingteamswithdifferentweightscompeteagainsteachother.

Whatisdonebeforeacontestbegins?

Theropeispulled

Thefieldismeasured

Theteamsarecounted

Thepullersareweighed

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttug-of-warregardingthehistoryof

thegame?

Itwasplayedinancienttimes

ItwasinventedinGreece

Itsruleswerewrittendownin1900

ItwasapartofthefirstmodernOlympicGames

6.Whatwasthelastyearthattug-of-warwasincludedintheOlympics?

A.1896 B.1900 C.1904 D.1920

.

.

4.

It’sSoftballGame

Wanttohavefunexercisinginthesun?Wanttomeetnew

friendsandlearnhowtoworkaspartofateam?Wanttorepresent

yourschoolinfriendlycompetitionagainstotherschools?Wanttogain

healthbenefitsthatcanmakeyouaneven

betterstudent?Thenjointhegirl ’ssoftballteam!

We’llbeholdingameetingonWednesday,January15,at

7:00pminthegymnasiumforanyoneinterestedinjoiningthe

team.Atthemeeting,youandyourparentswillgettotalkto

currentmembersoftheteamandme,thecoach.We ’llalsohand

outschedulesofthegamesthisseason.

You’llneedtodoafewthingsbeforeyoucanjointheteam.

First,youmustbringmealetterfromyourdoctorconfirming

that youareingoodhealth. Second,you ’llneedtomake sure

thatyouhaveatleasta “B”gradeaverageinallyourclasses.

Third,sincetheyareveryimportanttoprepareforgames,you ’ll

need tomaketimein your scheduleforthepracticesessions.

Theseareheldeverydayafterschoolfortwohours.Fourth,you

needtogotoevery game. Sometimesyouwillmissclasses

becauseofthegames.However,youmustnotifyyourteachersat

leastaweekinadvanceoftheabsence.Youshouldcompletein

.

.

advanceanyworkyou ’llmissandsubmititatleastonedaybeforethe

absence.Finally,youandyourparentswillalsoneedtocomplete

someforms,suchaspermissionslips.

Ilookforwardtomeetingyou.Go,team!

Ms.Gobron

Whatwastheteacher’smainreasonforwritingthisletter?A.Toaskstudentstojointhesoftballteam

B.Toremindsoftballplayerstostudyseriously

C.ToencouragesoftballplayerstoexerciseregularlyD.Totellstudentstheresultsofarecentsoftballgame

WhatisNOTonebenefitofplayingsoftballthatismentionedintheletter?

A.Becominghealthier B.Makingnewfriends

C.Learningteam-work D.Winningscholarships

Accordingtotheletter,whatisoneactivityparentsmightdoatthemeetingonJanuary15?

A.FilloutpermissionformsB.

Asktheteacherquestions

C.Createthenewgameschedule

D.Watchtheteampracticeinthegym

4.Whatisthefirsttasknewteammembersshoulddo?

.

.

Buyapracticeuniformandequipment

Bringthecoachaletterfromthedoctor

Asktheirparentstocompletesomeforms

Showthecoachacopyoftheirgradereport

5.

WhenanotheroldcaveisdiscoveredinthesouthofFrance,

itisnot

usuallynews.

Rather,

it

isan

ordinary

event.

Such

discoveriesaresofrequentthesedaysthathardlyanybodypays

heedtothem.

However,

whenthe

Lascaux

cavecomplex

was

discoveredin1940,theworldwasamazed.Painteddirectlyon

itswalls

were

hundreds

ofscenes

showing

how

people

lived

thousands

of

years

ago.The

scenes

show

people

hunting

animals,suchasbisonorwildcats.Otherimages

depictbirds

and,most

noticeably,

horses,which

appear

in

morethan

300

wallimages,byfaroutnumberingallotheranimals.

Earlyartistsdrawingtheseanimalsaccomplisheda

monumentalanddifficulttask.Theydidnotlimitthemselvesto

theeasilyaccessiblewallsbutcarriedtheirpaintingmaterials

tospaces

that

required

climbing

steep

walls

orcrawling

into

narrowpassagesintheLascauxcomplex.

Unfortunately,

the

paintings

have

been

exposed

to

the

.

.

destructive action ofwater and temperature changes, which

easilyweartheimagesaway.BecausetheLascauxcaveshave

many entrances, air movement hasalsodamaged theimages

inside.Althoughtheyarenotoutintheopenair,wherenatural

lightwouldhavedestroyedthemlongago,manyoftheimages

havedeterioratedandarebarelyrecognizable.Topreventfurther

damage,thesitewasclosedtotouristsin1963,23yearsafteritwas

discovered.

Whichtitlebestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Wildanimalsinart

B.HiddenprehistoricpaintingsC.Exploringcavesrespectfully

D.Determiningtheageoffrenchcaves

Inline2-3,thewordspaysheedtoareclosestinmeaningto?

A.Discovers B.Watched C.Notices D.Buys

Basedonthepassage,whatisprobablytrueaboutthesouthofFrance?

A.Itishometorareanimals

B.Ithasalargenumberofcaves

C.Itisknownforhorse-racingevents

D.Ithasattractedmanyfamousartists.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichanimalsappearmostoftenon

.

.

thecavewalls?

A.Birds B.Bison C.Horses D.Wildcats

5.Inline6,theworddepictisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Show B.Hunt C.Count D.Draw

6.WhywaspaintinginsidetheLascauxcomplexadifficulttask?

A.Itwascompletelydarkinside

B.Thecaveswerefullofwildanimals

C.Paintingmaterialswerehardtofind

Manypaintingspacesweredifficulttoreach7.Inline9,thewordtheyrefersto?

A.Walls B.Artists C.Animals D.Materials

8.According tothepassage,all ofthe following havecaused

damagetothepaintingsEXCEPT?

A.Temperaturechanges B.Airenvironment

C.Water D.Light

WhatdoesthepassagesayhappenedattheLascauxcavesin1963?

A.Visitorswereprohibitedfromentering

Anewlightingsystemwasinstalled

Anotherpartwasdiscovered

Anewentrancewascreated

.

.

6.

Thelongerfoodiskept,themorelikelyitistoattractinsects.Even

foodsstoredincontainersoftenattractbugs.Tosolvethisproblem,

scientistshavebeenworkingwithdifferentodorsinanattempttofind

onestrongenoughtokeepinsectsfromgoingnearfood.One

possibilitywouldbeuseplantswithstrongsmells,likegarlicorpine,to

keepinsectsaway.Unfortunately,however,usingthesesmellsmight

keepsomepeopleawaytoo!

Amorepromisingrepellentiscitronellaoil,whichcomesfroma

typeoflemongrass.Anexperimentwasdoneusingthis

oil with a certain insect, the red flour beetle. Scientists

sprayed cardboard boxeswithcitronella oilandnoticed that

thebeetlesdidnotenterthoseboxes.Theyweremuchmore

interestedinboxesthatwerenotprayed.

Oneproblemwithusingcitronellaoilasarepellent,however,is

thatitisquiteephemeral-----itsimplydoesnotlast

verylong.Afterafewmonthsitlosesitssmell,andbugsnolongerfind

itunpleasant.Scientistshopetoimprovecitronella

oilsothatitsscentremainsstrongforalongertime.Itwillalso

benecessarytomakesurethattheoilisnotharmfultopeople,

asscientistsarestillnotsurewhetheritissafetousearound

food.

.

.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Oilusedincooking

B.WaysofprotectingfoodfrominsectsC.Thebehaviorofakindofbeetle

D.Smellsproducedbydifferentgrasses

Inline2,thewordonerefersto?

A.Anodor B.Aninsect C.Ascientist D.Acontainer

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheodorsofgarlicandpine?

Theylastforalongtime

Theyarenotalwaysverystrong

Theycanbeunpleasanttopeople

Theyattractcertainspeciesofbeetles4.Whatarerepellents?

Afoodsourceforbeetles

Machinesusedtogetoilfromplants

Substancesusedtokeepinsectsaway

Chemicalsusedtospeedupplantgrowth

5.WhichsubstanceisNOTmentionedasbeingunpleasanttoinsects?

A.PineB.FlourC.GarlicD.Citronellaoil6.Whatdoes

theauthorsayaboutthesprayedboxes?

.

B.Short-lived

.

Theywereveryheavy

Theydidnotcontainmuchfood

Beetlesavoidedthem

Manyinsectsweretrappedinthem.

7.Inline10,thewordephemeralisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Weightless

C.Overpriced D.Notdistinguishable

8.Whatarescientistshopingtodointhefuture?

A.Breedlargerbeetles B.Producebetter-tastingfoods

C.Growlemongrassingreaterquantities

D.Maketheodorofcitronellaoillastlonger

9.Inline12,thewordscentisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Smell B.Flavor C.Nature D.Standard

10.Whatdoscientistsstillnotknowaboutcitronellaoil?

Whatchemicalsitcontains

Whereitcomesfrom

Whybeetleslikeit

Howsafeitis

7.

Eachfoodweeattastesdifferent,andthereareuntold

numbersofdifferenttastes.Still,allflavorsarebasedonjust

.

.

fourbasic tastes:sweet, bitter, salty,and sour. Some food

expertsarguethereisa fifth basic taste called umami (a

Japanese wordthatcan betranslated roughlyas “tasty”or

“savory”),butthistheoryremainscontroversial.Regardlessif

whethertherearefourorfivebasictaste,thenumberissmall.

Howcansofewbasictastegiverisetotheenormousnumberof

flavors

weexperience?

Thisis

possiblebecausethebasictastes

combineindifferentproportions.Comparethistocolors.Thereareonly

threebasiccolors---yellow,red,andblue---butwhenmixedindifferent

waysandproportions,these

threebasiccolorsaresufficienttocreatethevastarrayof

colorsthatweseeeveryday.

Apartfrombeinginfluencedbydifferentcombinationsof

thebasictastes,theexperienceoftasteisalsoenrichedbyother

sensations,

such

as

odor

andtemperature.

These

function

togethertoproducewhatwerecognizeasuniquetastes.Infact,

what

weperceive

astaste

often

involves

smellmore

than

the

tasteexperienced

through

the

tongue.

This

iswhy

foodswith

strong

tastes

often

seembland

topeoplewho,

duetoastuffy

nose,cannot

smell

them.

For

example,

cinnamon

tastes

quite

mildtopeoplewhocannotenjoyitsfragrantsmell.Thesameis

trueofdrinks,likehotcoffeeortea,whichtastebestwhenthey

.

.

canbesmelledaswellastasted.

Whatcanalsocontributetothesensationoftasteisourabilityto

feelpain.Thereasonwhyhot,spicyfoodslikechilipeppersaretastyis

thattheyaffectthelingualnociceptorsare

smallareasonthesurfaceofthebodythathelpprotectusagainst

injury.Nociceptorsontheskinwarnusofpotentialdamagetothebody.

Whenweareprickedwithaneedle,forexample,nociceptorsrepresent

thatsensationaspain.Aspecial

kindofnociceptorcalledalingualnociceptorisfoundonthetongue

and,alongwiththeothersenses,helpsusenjoycertainfoods.

1.Whichsentencebestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?

A.Newtastescanbecreatedinlaboratories

B.Tasteisacombinationofdifferentfactors

C.Solidfoodshaveastrongertastethandrinks

D.Thesenseoftasteismoreimportantthanthesenseofsmell

Accordingtotheauthor,whatquestionisstilldebated?A.Howmanybasictastesthereare

B.Whichtastespeopleenjoymost

C.Whyfoodslackflavorwhenapersonissick

D.Whatcausesthesensationofwarmthonthetongue

3.Inline5,thewordsgiverisetoareclosestinmeaningto?

.

D.Introduce

D.Produce

.

A.Lift B.Count C.Remove

4.Inline8,thewordsufficientisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Full B.Simple C.Special D.Enough

Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcinnamon?A.Itcanrelieveastuffynose

B.ItcanhaveaverystrongtasteC.

ItshouldbekeptinacoolplaceD.

Ittastesbetterinlargequantities

6.Inline16,thewordcontributeisclosestinmeaningto?

A.Add B.Jump C.Appear

Whatarelingualnociceptors?A.Foodsthattastehot

B.SubstancesinafoodthatimproveitsflavorC.Areasonthetonguethatsensespicyfood

D.Smallconnectionsbetweenthenoseandmouth

8.

Scientists inChina recently discovered theremains ofa

veryoldvillagewheresaltwasproduced4,000yearsago.Atthe

site,calledZhongba,whichislocatedneartheGanRiverinthe

Chongquing Municipality, thescienti