女性主義英文介紹

2016/5/82016/5/8RitaQuestionsforyou!■Howwouldyoudefineitasanideology意幟形態(tài)?■Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword''feminism5?

also■tcwaidsftllujLequalrightsftllujLman1maleWpnrlf盤；％爲詼peopleopportunitiesmanVwomenhfeoaiYi^SSUieS■■■belief^societyWngSrjghtwimsnprmbelief^societyWngSrjghtwimsnprmIIIUIIworldwaynir^pmrn1sddEaanu供Lywi-ssctviu?undcrstandirug.135OCI3IiTlcariwDInationandTheoryITheFeministMovementITheFeministMovementUJhatisFeminism?Feminismistheradicalnotionthatwomenarepeople.*口wrl.氫「■nwr”，旨朋■?-Pf?■醫(yī)lji*5m-v2016/5/82016/5/8Feminism■Feminismisacollectionofmovementsaimedatdefining,establishing,anddefendingequalpolitical,economic,andsocialrightsforwomen.Inaddition,feminismseekstoestablishequalopportunitiesforwomenineducationandemploymentFEMINISMOkayladies.thishasgoneonlongenough*FEMINISMOkayladies.thishasgoneonlongenough*■Anideology意思形態(tài)that'opposesthepolitical,economic,andculturalrelegation貶彳氐ofwomentopositionsofinferiority自卑?”Simplyput,feminismaffirmswomen'sequalitywithmen,andrejectspatriarchy父權制.THISTHISIS

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ZIKEFeminists■Feministsarepersonsofeithersex,orfemalesonly(inwhichcasemalesmaybeprofeminists),whobelieveinfeminism.AfeministisHanadvocateorsupporteroitherightsandequalityofwomen".MenfeministKarlMarx_卡爾?亨利希?馬'克思HenrikJohanIbsen亨利克?約翰?易卜生胡適2016/5/82016/5/8曠2、HistoryTheterms^feminism"or"feminist”firstappearedinFranceandTheNetherlandsin1872(aslesfeministes),GreatBritaininthe1890s,andtheUnitedStatesin1910.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarylists1894forthefirstappearanceof"feminist"and1895for"feminism".TheUKDailyNewsfirstintroduced"feminist"totheEnglishlanguage,importingitfromFranceandbrandingitasdangerous."WhatourParisCorrespondentdescribesasa'Feminist'heFrenchChamberofDeputies".Priortothattime,"Woman'sRights"wasprobablythetermusedmostcommonly,henceQueenVictoria'sdescriptionofthisFell"cF!cIPi■Feministtheoryemergedfromthesefeministmovementsandincludesgeneraltheoriesandtheoriesabouttheoriginsofinequality,and,insomecases,aboutthesocialconstructionofsexandgender,inavarietyofdisciplines.Feministactivistshavecampaignedforwomen'srights——suchasincontract,property,andvoting一whilealsopromotingwomen'srightstobodilyintegrityandautonomy自治權andreproductiverights生育權.Theyhaveopposed/domesticviolence,sexualharassment性騷擾，andfsexualassaultf生侵3E.Ineconomics,theyhaveadvocatedforworkplacerights,includingequalpayandopportunitiesforcareersandtostartbusinesses.2016/5/8TheFeminist/Movementwoman'sworkisunderpaidorunpaid&whatwelooklikeismoreimportantthanwhatwedo&ifwegetrapeditisourfault2016/5/8TheFeminist/Movementwoman'sworkisunderpaidorunpaid&whatwelooklikeismoreimportantthanwhatwedo&ifwegetrapeditisourfault&ifwelovewomenitsbecausewecan*tgetarealman&ifweexpectcommunitycareforourfamilyweareselfish&ifwestandupforourrightsweareloud&ifwedonftwearetypicalweakfemales&ifwewanttogetmarriedweareouttotrapaman&ifwedon'tweareunnatural&becausewearer>ftdeemedresponsibleenoughtodecideif,whenandhowwegivebirth(alsoknownastheWomenrsMovement,Women'sLiberation,orWomen'sLib)referstoaseriesofcampaignsforreformsonissuessuchasreproductiverights,domesticviolence,maternityleave,equalpay,votingrights,sexualharassment,andsexualviolence.Thegoalsofthemovementvaryfromcountrytocountry,e.g.oppositiontofemalegenitalcutting女性生殖器切割inSudan,ortotheglassceiling玻璃天花板inWesterncountriesThemovementshistoryhasgonethroughthreewaves,beginninginthe18thcentury.First-wavewasorientedaroundthestationofmiddleorupper-classwhitewomen,andinvolvedsuffrageandpoliticalequality.Second-wavefeminismattemptedtofurthercombatsocialandculturalinequalities.■Third-wavefeminismstartingin1980toearlyincludesrenewedcampaigningforwomen'sgreaterinfluenceinnolitics.Thefirstwavereferstothemovementofthe19ththroughearly20thcenturies（1900s-1920s）,whichdealtmainlywithsuffrage（投票權選舉權）,workingconditionsandeducationalrightsforwomenandgirls.Leader:ElizabethCadyStanton（伊麗莎白?凱迪?斯坦頓）Purpose:equalpolitical,intellectualandeconomicrightstowomenAchievement：InternationalWomen'sDayhasbeenobserved（創(chuàng)始于1910年）

Al丸FeministsuffrageparadeinNewYorkCity,May6,1912.41Al丸FeministsuffrageparadeinNewYorkCity,May6,1912.41WriterssuchasVirginiaWoolfareassociatedwiththeideasoftheFirstWaveoffeminism.InherbookARoomofOne'sOwn,Woolf"describeshowmensociallyandpsychicallydominatewomen".Theargumentofthebookisthat"womenaresimultaneouslyvictimsofthemselvesaswellasvictimsofmenandareupholdersofsocietybyactingasmirrorstomen".Sherecognizesthesocialconstructsthatrestrictwomeninsocietyandwomen.

andwomen.TheinfluencesofthefirstwaveFeminismNOCIGHnnilANGOVERDon*!"areThemall!ThesecondWaveFeminism(alsocalledModernFeminismNOCIGHnnilANGOVERDon*!"areThemall!Thesecondwave(1960s-1980s)dealtwiththeinequalityoflawsaswellasculturalinequalities?Thekeyeventthatmarkedthereemergence(再度岀現(xiàn))ofthismovementinthepostwar戰(zhàn)后的erawasthesurprisepopularityofBettyFriedan's1963bookTheFeminineMystiqueBettyiFriedanTheFeminineMystiqueBettyiFriedanTheFeminineMystiqueWilhan!rtrodtx:tionbyAnnoOuindlenII7“THEYEAR'SMOSTCONTROVERSIALBESTSELLER<TheFeminineMystiqueBETTYFRIEDAN'Th?bookwehawbeentvoitingfor|?,.lhewisestsonnslwundestmost\understandingwndcunipaailunuiotreatmentofcontemporaryAmwicunwoman'sgmatestproblem...otriumph.'Thekeyevent:《TheFeminineMystique》Womenshouldspeakoutherfeelings:Inadditiontoherhusband,childrenandfamilies,Iwouldliketogetmore?“女性應該大膽地說出自己h勺心聲:除了丈夫、孩子和家庭，我還想得到更多。”SocialImpact"ItignitedC點燃）thecontemporary（同H寸代的）women'smovementin1963andasaresultpermanentlytranstormedthesocialfabric組織oftheUnitedStatesandcountriesaroundtheworld.”■■一NewYorkTimesTheinfluencesofthesecondwomen'smovement?Themovementencouragedwomentounderstandaspectsoftheirpersonallivesasdeeplypoliticized,andreflectiveofasexist'性另il歧視者structureofpower.Iffirst-waversfocusedonabsoluterightssuchassuffrage,second-waverswerelargelyconcernedwithotherissuesofequality,suchastheendtodiscrimination.Theinfluencesofthesecondwomen'smovementReligion?Religion?Education?Language?SocialchangesForexample:Feministsareoftenproponents支持者ofusingnorvsexistlanguage,using“Ms.”torefertobothMarriedandunmarriedwomen.TheThirdWaveFeminism(PostModernFeminism)Thethirdwaveoffeminism(late1980s-early2000s),isseenasbothacontinuation繼續(xù)andaresponsetotheperceived感知I的failuresofthesecondwave.Nowadays：Somenowbelieveasof2010,weareinafourthwaveoffeminism.TheinfluencesofThirdwaveofFeminism?ThemovementaroseasaresponsetotheperceivedfailuresofandbackashagainstinitiativesandmovementscreatedbySecond-wavefeminismduringthe1960sto1980s,andtherealizationthatwomenareof"manycolors,ethnicities,nationalities,religionsandculturalbackgrounds".Thethirdwaveembraces信奉diversityandchange」nthiswave,asinpreviousones,thereisnoall-encompassingsinglefeministidea.FeminisminChinaFeminisminChinabeguninthelateQingperiod,asChinesesocietyre-evaluatedtraditionalandConfucianvaluessuchasfootbindingandgendersegregation,andbegantorejecttraditionalgenderideasashinderingprogresstowardsmodernization.Duringthe1898HundredDays'Reform,reformerscalledforwomen'seducationandequality,andtheendoffootbinding.FemalereformersformedthefirstChinesewomen'ssociety一theSocietyfortheDiffusionofKnowledgeamongChineseWomen(Niixuehuao).AfterthecollapseoftheQingDynasty,women'sliberationbecameagoaloftheMayFourthMovementandtheNewCultureMovement.Later,theChineseCommunistRevolutionadoptedwomen'sliberationasoneofitsaimsandpromotedwomen'sequality,especiallyregardingwomen'sparticipationintheworkforce.Aftertherevolutionandprogressinintegratingwomenintotheworkforce,theChineseCommunistPartyclaimedtohavesuccessfullyachievedwomen'sliberation,andwomen's!11KIWealthyChinesewomenwithboundfeet(Beijing,1900).Footbindingwasasymbolofwomen'soppressionduringthereformmovementsinthe19thand20thcenturies.2016/5/8FeminisminChinaSecondandthird-wavefeminisminChinawascharacterizedbyare-examinationofwomen'srolesduringthereformmovementsoftheearly20thcenturyandthewayinwhichfeminismwasadoptedbythosevariousmovementsinordertoachievetheirgoals.Laterandcurrentfeministshavequestionedwhethergenderequalityhasactuallybeenfullyachieved,anddiscusscurrentgenderproblems,suchasthelargegenderdisparity'性別分布不等inthe“她”對代已經到來中國進入女性對代西子湖畔的武林街,一名女子在試衣。杭州市中心的武林街集中了數(shù)百家風格迥異時尚女裝店，人稱"女人街"。眼下的中國，西子湖畔的武林街,一名女子在試衣。杭州市中心的武林街集中了數(shù)百家風格迥異時尚女裝店，人稱"女人街"。眼下的中國，女性占據(jù)了消費者總量的三分之二,"她"時代似乎已經到來。國務院副總理吳儀堪稱中國官位最高、權力最大的女性。吳儀以犀利的言詞和機敏應對的談判風格善稱，被譽為中國政壇鐵娘子。吳儀今年68歲，和52歲的美國國務卿賴斯一樣,吳儀至今未婚。《時刖電不過在國際社會，吳fQ或許不如鞏俐。隹西占鞏俐是"全球最甄事.這位威尼斯影后鄭代》周刊的封面丿.影都引起廣夢匕）、rhb2(23LiberalFeministViewsUMlfLTHE慾殛儺丘XWOMENrhb2(23LiberalFeministViewsUMlfLTHE慾殛儺丘XWOMEN/DON'TASKFOREQUALITY.VOTEITI/AmanofqualityisnotthreatenedbyawomanforequalityoTypesofFeminismDiversityfeminism多樣性女性主義Libera!FeministViewsSharedwithliberalismtheseideas:—Humanequality-Humanrationalit