2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit1PeopleofAchievement教師用書

UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT一、閱讀詞匯——在詞塊中明義1．physicalproperties 物理特征personalproperty 私人財(cái)產(chǎn)2．fromliquidtovapour 從液體到蒸氣3．illegal/bannedsubstances 非法/禁用物品withoutsubstance 毫無(wú)事實(shí)根據(jù)4．a(chǎn)toppolitician 大牌政客5．numerouspeople 許多人6．extraordinarygenius 非凡的天才7．a(chǎn)neducationalinstitute 教育機(jī)構(gòu)adistributioninstitution 分配制度8．mournthedead 哀悼逝者9．a(chǎn)water-savingdevice 節(jié)水裝置10．draftaspeech 起草發(fā)言稿二、表達(dá)詞匯——在語(yǔ)境中活用(一)在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫出藍(lán)體詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的漢語(yǔ)意思1.eq\a\vs4\al(2021·全國(guó)乙卷書面表達(dá))AlmostallkindsofinformationcanbeobtainedthroughtheInternet.(vt.獲得)2．Shedefeatedallheropponentsandwonthegoldmedalinshooting.(vt.擊敗)3．Surprisingly,studentsoftheseniorschoolsaremostlygirls.(adv.主要地)4．Citizensinthisareawereforcedtofleethecity.(vt.迅速離開)5．Thecompetitionhadtobeputoffunderthespecialcircumstance.(n.狀況)6．Thetheoryisnotyetscientificallyestablished.(n.理論)7．IfirstencounteredhimwhenstudyingatCambridge.(vt.偶然碰到)8．Largesumsofmoneyhavebeendonatedtothedisasterarea.(n.金額)(二)寫出藍(lán)體詞匯的語(yǔ)境之義及拓展形式1．Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.(adj.極其重要的)拓展：vitallyadv.極其；極大地2．TsinghuaUniversitywasfoundedin1911.(vt.建立)拓展：foundationn．基礎(chǔ)；(機(jī)構(gòu)或組織的)創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦→foundationaladj.基礎(chǔ)的；基本的3．FromyoursmileIinferthatyouarepleased.(vt.推斷)拓展：inferencen．推斷；推理；推論4.eq\a\vs4\al(2019·江蘇高考)Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.(n.酷愛)拓展：passionateadj.熱情的；充滿激情的5．MrSmithworksasaprofessoratOxfordUniversity.(n.教授)拓展：professionn．職業(yè)；專業(yè)→professionaladj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的6.eq\a\vs4\al(2021·浙江6月高考)Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire...canmakeforaremarkablelife.(adj.非凡的)拓展：remarkablyadv.引人注目地，明顯地；顯著地7．Hehascommittedhimselftosupportinghisbrother'schildren.(vt.承諾)拓展：commitmentn．承諾，保證；奉獻(xiàn)，投入→committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的8．Thecountryhasacknowledgedhavingtakeneverymeanstofightagainstanypossibleinfection.(vt.承認(rèn))拓展：acknowledgementn．承認(rèn)；感謝9．Youshouldsitdownandanalyseyourstrengthsandweaknesses.(vt.分析)拓展：analysisn．分析；分析結(jié)果10．Twoindependentresearchbodiesreachedthesameconclusion.(n.結(jié)論)拓展：concludevt.推斷11．Thisledtoanunexpectedconsequence.(n.結(jié)果)拓展：consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的→consequentlyadv.因此；所以三、詞塊短語(yǔ)——在語(yǔ)境中辨義活用寫出或選出加藍(lán)部分在語(yǔ)境中的漢語(yǔ)意思1.eq\a\vs4\al(2021·全國(guó)乙卷書面表達(dá))Smartonlinehabitscanalsoleadtohighefficiencyforyourstudy.促使2.eq\a\vs4\al(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youhavetomakesureyoudon'tturntwopagesatonceand...確保3.eq\a\vs4\al(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Butsheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.堅(jiān)決要求4．Itisourdutytomakecontributionstoourmotherland.對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)5.eq\a\vs4\al(2021年1月新高考8省聯(lián)考卷)WouldyouliketorecommendsomeEnglishpoemsbasedonschoolexperience？以……為依據(jù)6．Theplanputforwardbyalocalfarmerhasbeengotthroughatthemeeting.提出7．Unfortunately,thegreatscientistpassedawaylastyear.去世8．Thepoorboy,notdrybehindtheears,hadtomakealivingbyhimself.謀生9．Agoodstudentusuallyknowshowtosumupknowledgeingoodtime.總結(jié)10．It'simportanttodrawoutachild'spotentialcapacities.DA．做出 B．?dāng)M訂C．鼓勵(lì)D．發(fā)掘11.eq\a\vs4\al(2021·全國(guó)乙卷書面表達(dá))SurfingtheInternetandplayinggamestakeupmuchtimewhenweshouldworkonourlessons.CA．擔(dān)任 B．開始從事C．占用 D．拿起四、經(jīng)典句式——在佳句背誦中品悟規(guī)則用法1.教材原句UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry...”(“on/upon＋名詞/動(dòng)名詞”作狀語(yǔ))當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“這份榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我。我的身后是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)以及全國(guó)人民……”寫作亮句eq\a\vs4\al(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))On/Uponarrivingthere,wehelpedpickapples.一到達(dá)那里，我們就幫助采摘蘋果。文化典句UponarrivalfromtheTokyoOlympicGames,theChineseplayersreceivedawarmwelcomeattheairport.從東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)返回時(shí)，中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)健兒一到機(jī)場(chǎng)就受到了熱烈歡迎。2.教材原句Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE＝mc2.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))他為世界作出了無(wú)數(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)，最為出名的當(dāng)數(shù)廣義相對(duì)論和著名的方程式E＝mc2。寫作亮句eq\a\vs4\al(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Classover,MsCaiadvisedmetocatchupwiththeothersbyhavingextralessons.下課了，蔡老師建議我通過(guò)補(bǔ)課來(lái)趕上其他人。五、“續(xù)寫”片段——在背誦中品悟如何寫靚寫美心理或動(dòng)作描寫之“尷尬與無(wú)聊”ElizabethwaswanderingwhenshesawDarcyandhissister.Theireyesinstantlymet.Elizabethwastooembarrassedtosayaword,sheloweredhereyestoavoidDarcy.Darcywasinamixtureofsurpriseandexcitement.Hisfacewentredandhewasstrugglingtocontrolhisdelight.Hedidn'tknowwhattosayorhowtostarttheconversation.Elizabethwaswhollyoverwhelmedbyembarrassment.“WhydidIcomehere?Comingherewasthemostunfortunatethingintheworld！”shethought.伊麗莎白正在閑逛，這時(shí)她看見了達(dá)西和他的妹妹。他們的目光立刻相遇。伊麗莎白窘得一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)，她垂下眼睛避開達(dá)西。達(dá)西既驚訝又興奮。他的臉漲紅了，他努力控制自己的喜悅。他不知道該說(shuō)什么，也不知道如何開始談話。伊麗莎白尷尬得不知所措?！拔覟槭裁磥?lái)這里？來(lái)到這里是世界上最不幸的事！”她想。[點(diǎn)評(píng)]本段用“Theireyesinstantlymet...loweredhereyestoavoid...wentred...strugglingtocontrol...why...mostunfortunate”等動(dòng)作或心理描寫，栩栩如生地描繪出了一個(gè)十足尷尬的場(chǎng)面。1．a(chǎn)cknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝；認(rèn)可；告知收到[題點(diǎn)全練]寫出下列句中acknowledge的含義①“Maybeyouareright，”sheacknowledged.承認(rèn)②Wewishtoacknowledgethesupportoftheuniversityandtheteachers.感謝③Alltheapplicationswillbeacknowledgedinaweek.告知收到④Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobeoneofthebestplayersintheworld.認(rèn)可句式升級(jí)⑤PeopleacknowledgethatthemeasuresChinahastakentofighttheCOVID-19areefficient.→It_is_acknowledged_thatthemeasuresChinahastakentofighttheCOVID-19areefficient.→ThemeasuresChinahastakentofighttheCOVID-19are_acknowledged_to_beefficient.[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)acknowledge(doing)sth. 承認(rèn)(做)某事acknowledgethat... 承認(rèn)……acknowledge...tobe/as... 認(rèn)為……是……Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat... ……是大家所公認(rèn)的(2)acknowledgementn. 承認(rèn)；感謝inacknowledgementof... 為表示對(duì)……的感謝2．defeatn．失?。淮鞌t.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝[題點(diǎn)全練](單句語(yǔ)法填空)①Itriedtocomforthimafterhewas_defeated(defeat)byhisopponent.②Theworldchampionhasonlyhadtwodefeats(defeat)inmorethan100fights.③ThePing-pongteamsufferedaheavydefeatintheOlympicmatch.④Neverdefeated(defeat)byanymathsquestion,theboyisfullofconfidence.[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)defeat與beat都表示“在戰(zhàn)斗或競(jìng)賽中戰(zhàn)勝/打敗(對(duì)手)”，后接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手(人或某一團(tuán)體)，可以互換。(2)win意為“贏得”，后常跟game,match,competition,prize,award等名詞作賓語(yǔ)。3．insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求[題點(diǎn)全練](單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子)①eq\a\vs4\al(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ourinsisting(insist)it'smerelyawindowhaskeptthemfromattemptingmillionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.②Thenewcomerinsistedonmeshowing(show)himhowtooperatethemachine.③Whentheteacherscoldedhim,heinsistedthathehad_come(come)ontimetoschooltheotherday.④Thoughatanoldage,heinsisted_that_he_should_go_tothecityforthefightagainsttheCOVID-19.盡管高齡，但他還是堅(jiān)持去那個(gè)城市抗擊新冠肺炎。[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)insistondoingsth. 堅(jiān)持做某事insistthat...(should)do 堅(jiān)決要求……做(2)insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)決主張”時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)insist之后，要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“以后”要做之事，句型結(jié)構(gòu)為insistthat＋主語(yǔ)＋(should)＋(not)dosth.；表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，則采用陳述語(yǔ)氣(即賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的選用要按照實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)要求)，類似常見詞語(yǔ)：suggest“建議；暗示；表明”。4．circumstancen．條件；環(huán)境；狀況(常用復(fù)數(shù))[題點(diǎn)全練](單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子)①Ican'timagineacircumstanceinwhichIwouldnotbewillingtostudy.②Theoldtendtofallbehindthechangingsocialandpoliticalcircumstances(circumstance)．③Studentsshouldsticktotheirdreamsunder/in_any_circumstance(s)．在任何情況下，學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持他們的夢(mèng)想。④Thescientistwouldgiveupthehopeforcontributionstothemotherlandunder/in_no_circumstances.在任何情況下，這位科學(xué)家都不會(huì)放棄為祖國(guó)做貢獻(xiàn)的希望。⑤Innocircumstancesshould_people_waste_foodtopractisethe“clear-your-plate”action.為踐行“光盤”行動(dòng)，在任何情況下人們都不應(yīng)浪費(fèi)食物。[系統(tǒng)歸納]under/innocircumstances 無(wú)論如何都不…… (位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝)under/inthecircumstances 在這種情況下；既然這樣under/inanycircumstance(s) 在任何情況下5．putforward提出；撥快；提前[題點(diǎn)全練](用put的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空)①Ourgovernmenthasput_forwardTheBeltandRoadInitiative,whichencouragescooperationbetweenChinaandothercountries.②Don'tput_offtilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.③AweekbeforeEarthDay,posterswereput_uparoundourschool,callinguponustojoininthecampaign.④Asadeterminedresearcher,MrWangcanput_up_withallkindsofhardship.[系統(tǒng)歸納]putaside 把……放在一邊；忽視；不考慮putaway 放好；收好；儲(chǔ)存putdown 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓putoff 推遲；延期puton 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(體重)putout 熄滅；撲滅；出版；公布；生產(chǎn)putup 舉起；設(shè)立；提(價(jià))；投宿；張貼putupwith 忍受；容忍6．takeup拿起；占用，占據(jù)；開始從事；接受；繼續(xù)[題點(diǎn)全練](用take的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空)①Thegoldmedalwinnertook_updivingattheageof7.②Idon'twanttotake_downaseriesoffactsinmydiary.③Whatmattersiswhatyoutake_in_duringclass,butnotwhatyouwritedowninyournotebooks.④Uponlearningthediseasebrokeout,ZhongNanshantook_ontheresponsibilitytofightagainstit.[系統(tǒng)歸納]takeapart 拆開takedown 放下；記下；拆除takein 欺騙；吸收；理解takeoff (飛機(jī))起飛；(事業(yè))騰飛；脫下takeon 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeover 接管；接替1．commitvt.承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)[題點(diǎn)全練](單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子)①Bothsidescommittedthemselves(them)tosettlethedisputepeacefully.②Shedoesn'twanttomakeanemotionalcommitment(commit)toJackatthemoment.③Committed(commit)todoingmedicalresearch,TuYouyouisthoughthighlyofbytheChinese.④Thetallmanhascommitted_a_great_crime.這個(gè)高個(gè)子男人犯下了大罪。[進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)commitacrime犯罪commitoneselfto(sth./doingsth./dosth.)承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)committo...忠于……；全心全意投入……(2)commitmentn.承諾，保證；奉獻(xiàn)，投入(3)committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的難點(diǎn)解釋commitoneself后可跟todo，也可把to看作介詞，其后跟mit作“忠誠(chéng)，全心全意投入……”為不及物動(dòng)詞，常跟to連用。[練重難點(diǎn)]選詞填空(committed/committing)⑤Committingherselftotheresearch,TuYouyouspentallhertimeworkingoutasolution.⑥Committedtotheproject,MrSmithalmosthadnotimewithhisfamily.2．consequencen．結(jié)果；后果；重要性[題點(diǎn)全練](完成句子)①As_a_consequence_ofglobalwarming,naturaldisastersoccurmorefrequently.由于全球變暖的緣故，自然災(zāi)害更加頻繁地發(fā)生。②Humanbeingswillhavetotake_the_consequences_ofthedamagetoourplanet.人類將不得不承擔(dān)損壞我們星球的后果。[進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)]系統(tǒng)歸納asaconsequence＝asaresult＝inconsequence因此；結(jié)果asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof＝inconsequenceof由于……的緣故take/suffer/beartheconsequencesof承擔(dān)……的后果難點(diǎn)解釋(1)asaconsequence在句中相當(dāng)于副詞，其前的句意通常為原因。(2)asaconsequenceof在句中作介詞，of后為原因，跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。(3)beofnoconsequence不重要，無(wú)關(guān)緊要[練重難點(diǎn)](單句語(yǔ)法填空)③Millionsofpeoplelostjobsasadirectconsequenceofeconomiccrisisinthecountry.④Sometimesitisdifficulttopredicttheconsequenceofourpresentactions.1．“on/upon＋名詞/動(dòng)名詞”作狀語(yǔ)[用法規(guī)則](1)介詞on/upon后面可以跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)表示“一……就……”的結(jié)構(gòu)：①once/directly/instantly/immediately＋從句；②themoment/theminute/theinstant＋從句；③nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when[應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)](單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子)①On/Uponarriving/arrival(arrive)attheairport,weallwerewelcomedwarmly.②Ihadnosoonergotontheplatformthantheaudiencebegantocheermeup.③Themoment/minute/instanthegetsintotrouble,hewillturntohisparentsforhelp.他一遇到麻煩，就向父母求助。④On/Upon_his_return_to_his_hometown,_hepaidavisittohisteachers.他一回到家鄉(xiāng)，就去拜訪了他的老師們。2．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)[用法規(guī)則](1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的常用形式：邏輯主語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái),形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)))[應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子/句式升級(jí)①Thechildrenplaying(play)intheroom,Icouldn'tgetdowntostudying.②Theworkdone(do),wewenthome.③Nobodyto_come(come)tomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.④The_meeting_over,_ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散會(huì)了，我們的校長(zhǎng)很快就離開了會(huì)議室。⑤Ifweatherpermits,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.→Weather_permitting,_wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(寫作主題——對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物)))古今中外，涌現(xiàn)出了很多對(duì)社會(huì)做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物。他們勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)、甘于奉獻(xiàn)，書寫了不平凡的人生華章。該主題有利于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生深入了解國(guó)內(nèi)外取得重大成就的人物及其經(jīng)歷、貢獻(xiàn)等，樹立為社會(huì)服務(wù)的意識(shí)，形成正確的人生觀、價(jià)值觀。該主題在高考寫作中常常涉及，如：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá)，介紹身邊值得尊敬和愛戴的人；2016年北京高考書面表達(dá)，給英國(guó)朋友Jim介紹一位你喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物等。AMedicalPioneer(節(jié)選自北師大版教材必修第二冊(cè)UNIT6)TuYouyouwasborninZhejiangProvince,China,on30December,1930.ShestudiedmedicineatPekingUniversityHealthScienceCentre.Aftergraduation,shebecameamemberofChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.Later,shestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpertsinthefieldfromwhomshegainedadeepknowledgeabouttraditionalpractices.(簡(jiǎn)介屠呦呦學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)學(xué)的過(guò)程)In1969,TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamtofindacureformalaria—adiseasethatkilledmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.Acrosstheworld,scientistshadbeentryingtofindacure.(運(yùn)用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)很好地體現(xiàn)了在屠呦呦發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素以前，世界各地的科學(xué)家一直以來(lái)都在努力尋求能夠有效治療瘧疾的方法)Theytestedmorethan240,000chemicalswithnosuccess.However,TuYouyouhadanideathatChineseherbsmightholdthesecret.ShestudiedancientChinesemedicalliteratureandvisitedexpertsintraditionalChinesemedicine.?Sheresearchedhundredsoftraditionalrecipesconnectedtoanti-malarialcures.ThenTuYouyouandherteambeganusingmodernresearchmethodstostudytheseChineseherbsonebyone.(屠呦呦依據(jù)古代中醫(yī)配方采用現(xiàn)代的研究方法逐一研究了數(shù)百種有可能對(duì)治療瘧疾有效的中草藥)Thiswasnotaneasytask.?Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhadlimitedresources.Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratoryinwhichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.(面對(duì)的困難)However,afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theyeventuallycameacrossapromisingchemical.?Itworkedwellinexperimentsonanimals,buttheyhadtoknowifitwassafeforhumans.TuYouyoubravelyvolunteeredeq\a\vs4\al(to)bethefirsthumansubjectwhentheywerereadytostarttestingandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestwasasuccess.Themedicinetheydiscovered,artemisinin,hasnowbecometheworld'smosteffectivedrugforfightingmalaria.(成功發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上抗擊瘧疾最有效的藥物——青蒿素)由教材學(xué)寫法1．學(xué)亮點(diǎn)詞匯第一段中的gainadeepknowledge是knowalot的高級(jí)表達(dá)，用在此處形象又恰到好處，使表達(dá)更地道。第二段中的However，使前后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比，突出了中草藥的重要性。第三段中的eventually一詞，真實(shí)地寫出了發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素的艱辛不易，從側(cè)面反映了屠呦呦及其團(tuán)隊(duì)的科學(xué)探索精神。2．學(xué)高級(jí)句式句?中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)connectedtoanti-malarialcures作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)traditionalrecipes，限定了她研究的傳統(tǒng)配方的范圍——與抗瘧疾療法有關(guān)。句?是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，句中關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reason，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。緊湊簡(jiǎn)練地表達(dá)了困難的原因在于團(tuán)隊(duì)資源有限。句?是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句，句中并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)并列分句。第一分句承接上文內(nèi)容，第二分句引出下文內(nèi)容，起到了很好的過(guò)渡作用。3．學(xué)行文邏輯本文寫作結(jié)構(gòu)為“遞進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)”。全文主要圍繞“發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素”這一中心展開敘述。屠呦呦研究中醫(yī)→屠呦呦依據(jù)中醫(yī)配方采用現(xiàn)代的研究方法逐一研究數(shù)百種中草藥→成功發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上抗擊瘧疾最有效的藥物：青蒿素。一條線寫下來(lái)，讓讀者對(duì)青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程和屠呦呦兢兢業(yè)業(yè)致力于醫(yī)學(xué)研究，為對(duì)社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)且不顧個(gè)人安危的形象有了清楚的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。Ⅰ.多積詞塊——豐富表達(dá)方式1．makegreatcontributionsto 對(duì)……做出突出貢獻(xiàn)2．becomeinvolvedin 參與……3．inthefieldof 在……領(lǐng)域4．a(chǎn)systemofphilosophy 哲學(xué)體系5．throughouttheworld 遍及全世界6．getovervarietiesofdifficulties 克服各種各樣的困難7．playaleadingrole 起著重要的作用8．a(chǎn)chieveone'sdream 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想9．makerapidprogressin 在某方面取得很大的進(jìn)步10．findacurefor 尋找……的療法11．makesureof 確保12．facethechallenge 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)13．devoteoneselfto 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于14．scientificresearch 科學(xué)研究15．setoutanewscientificidea 提出科學(xué)新觀點(diǎn)Ⅱ.多積佳句——彰顯表達(dá)功底1．Sostrong-mindedwashethathecouldkeepupuntilhesucceeded.他意志很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，他會(huì)繼續(xù)做下去直到成功。2．Inspiredbywhatthegreatscientistsaid,hemadeuphismindtoworkhardandcatchup.受到這位偉大的科學(xué)家講話的鼓舞，他決心努力工作趕上去。3．However,educatedbyhismother,hetookaninterestinreading.然而，由于母親的教育，他對(duì)讀書產(chǎn)生了興趣。4．Hefellinlovewithscienceanddevotedhimselftoit.他愛上了科學(xué)并全身心投入其中。一、作文補(bǔ)寫表達(dá)亮下面是一篇介紹屠呦呦的短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示，運(yùn)用上面所學(xué)，將文章補(bǔ)充完整。Amongthescientistswhohavedrivensocialdevelopment,theone?that_I_admire_most(我最欽佩的；定語(yǔ)從句)isTuYouyou,aresearcherinmedicine.?What_impressed_me_most(讓我印象最深的；主語(yǔ)從句)wasthatsheandherteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plants.?Havingfailednumeroustimes(失敗了無(wú)數(shù)次以后；分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)),they?eventually_discovered_an_effective_medicine(最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的藥物)．Later,theyeven?volunteered_to_test_it_on_themselves(自愿在自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn))tomakesureofthesafety!?Inspired_by_her_scientific_spirit(被她的科學(xué)精神所激勵(lì)；分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)),Iamdeterminedtobravethechallengesandtrydifferentways?to_solve_my_problems(來(lái)解決我的問題)．IhopeIcanmakegreatcontributionstooursocietytoo.二、看圖寫作善聯(lián)想根據(jù)以下圖片展開合理想象，描述孔子的貢獻(xiàn)及影響，80詞左右。Confucius_was_a_Chinese_thinker_and_social_philosopher_whose_teachings_and_philosophy_have_deeply_influenced_Chinese,_Korean,_Japanese,_and_Vietnamese_thought_and_life.He_established_his_own_philosophy_that_emphasizes_social_relationships,_justice_and_sincerity.Confucius'_thoughts_have_been_developed_into_a_system_of_philosophy_known_as_Confucianism.It_was_and_is_being_introduced_to_many_countries_throughout_the_world,_which_greatly_contributes_to_the_cultural_exchange.課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)語(yǔ)篇閱讀訓(xùn)練——保準(zhǔn)度Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASomeofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowareorganisedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.MarieCurie(1867－1934)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.JaneGoodall(1934－)FamousFor:Primate(靈長(zhǎng)類)studiesJaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)FamousFor:NervegrowthstudiesRitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist(神經(jīng)病學(xué)家)whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor(NGF).ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.LiseMeitner(1878－1968)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityandnuclearphysicsLiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission(裂變).Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNoblePrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn'tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要列舉了4位著名的女科學(xué)家在各自領(lǐng)域所取得的成就和影響。1．Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A．MarieCurie. B．JaneGoodall.C．RitaLevi-Montalcini. D．LiseMeitner.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每個(gè)人物后面跟的時(shí)間可知，JaneGoodall出生于1934年，而后面沒有給出去世時(shí)間，說(shuō)明仍在為世界做貢獻(xiàn)。故選B。2．WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A．Nervegrowth. B．Thewildlife.C．Nuclearexplosion. D．Radioactivity.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)部分中“FamousFor:Nervegrowthstudies”可知，RitaLevi-Montalcini研究的是神經(jīng)發(fā)育。故選A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?A．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.B．Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.C．Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.D．Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)LiseMeitner(1878－1968)部分中“FamousFor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics”可知，因?yàn)檠芯糠派湫院秃宋锢矶雒?。由此可知，LiseMeitner對(duì)核物理學(xué)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。BWiththeworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接種)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(膿)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople'swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethatherdaughterwasinoculated.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Somepeoplealsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.About80yearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。三百年前，英國(guó)的MaryWortleyMontagu在土耳其目睹了當(dāng)?shù)貗D女接種天花疫苗后，決定將這種技術(shù)帶回英國(guó)，給女兒接種天花疫苗。她沖破重重阻力，終于成功接種，并得到了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)生的認(rèn)可和推廣。4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B．Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C．Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D．Turkishwomen'sinventionofinoculation.解析：選B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述了Montagu在土耳其目睹當(dāng)?shù)厝祟A(yù)防天花的經(jīng)過(guò)，故B項(xiàng)正確。5．MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A．itwasagainsthumannatureB．itmightharmdoctors'interestsC．itwasbeyonddoctors'abilitiesD．itmightshakesomepeople'sbelief解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，由無(wú)執(zhí)照的業(yè)余人士進(jìn)行接種會(huì)威脅到醫(yī)生的職業(yè)地位并有可能剝奪他們寶貴的收入。據(jù)此可知，在英國(guó)接種天花疫苗很困難是因?yàn)檫@損害了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)生的利益，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A．Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B．Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C．TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter'sinoculation.D．Montagu'sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，在接種疫苗后的一段安全時(shí)間過(guò)后，Montagu同意醫(yī)生為她的女兒進(jìn)行檢查。再根據(jù)第五段首句可知，英國(guó)醫(yī)生逐漸接受了接種天花疫苗。據(jù)此可知，由于Montagu給她的女兒成功接種了天花疫苗，故英國(guó)醫(yī)生開始接受這一嘗試。故C項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．AnUnsungHeroB．NoLimittoCreationC．DevelopmentofVaccinesD．AHistoricMedicalInnovation解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了推動(dòng)天花疫苗接種的先行者M(jìn)ontagu的故事。她勇敢地給她的女兒嘗試接種并獲得成功，從而使英國(guó)的醫(yī)生逐漸接受了天花疫苗的接種。故A項(xiàng)最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五e(cuò)q\a\vs4\al(2023·山西省八校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Excellenceisaformofcurrency(通貨).Whileacommitmenttoexcellencecanhelpyougaintruewealthandrealizetheinbuiltvalueofyourpotential,alackofcommitmentdevaluespotentialandreputation.Ifyouaretobecomethepersonyoumeanttobeonthedayyouwereborn,dowhateveryoudowithallyourmight.__8__Ifyouacceptbeingaverageandordinary,lifewillmakeyouaverageandordinary.__9__Butithaseverythingtodowithdecision,commitmentandaction.Andexcellenceisadestinationforanyonewhoappreciates,respects,anddemonstrateshardworkandgoodjudgement!Weallhavearangeofcareerchoicesandopportunities.Butweexpandtherangeandqualityofourchoiceswhenwepractiseexcellence.__10__Soattempttomakeeveryopportunityoneofimportancebecauseeveryopportunitycounts.Whatisconsideredexcellenttodaywillbecometheminimumcostofadmissiontomorrow.__11__Obviously,thebarisconstantlybeingraised.Ifyoudon'tproduceexcellentresultsconsistently,someoneelsewill.Thereisnomercyperiodforaverageness,andyoumusthaveazerotolerancepolicyforit.Peopleexpectthebest.__12__Soneverrelaxtherulesofexcellence.Whenyoufacequality,yousufferphysicalandemotionalwithdrawalfromyourgoals.Youshouldhavethebeliefthattheefficiencyofyourbusinessandlifeareinfinite(無(wú)限的),thateverythingcanbeimprovedupon,andthateveryprojectcanbecompletedinanexcellentfashion.Why?Becausewhenitcomestoexcellence,everythingcounts!A．Beingaverageisachoice.B．You'reonlyasgoodasyourlastperformance.C．Itcreatesconfidenceandenhancespeaceofmind.D．Andwereducethemwhenweacceptbeingaverage.E．Iftheycan'tgetitfromyou,they'llfinditelsewhere.F．Youwillneverlivelongerthanitsimportanceandusefulness.G．Beingworld-classhasnothingtodowithsize,education,orbloodline.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了卓越的重要性，并介紹了追求卓越的方法。8．選A根據(jù)空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活將會(huì)使你變得普通和平凡。這是對(duì)設(shè)空處的解釋說(shuō)明，故設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容與“平凡”有關(guān)，A項(xiàng)中的average和設(shè)空后的“averageandordinary”相呼應(yīng)。9．選G空后的But表明設(shè)空處和空后一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G項(xiàng)中的“hasnothingtodowith...”和下文“haseverythingtodowith...”形成對(duì)比。故選G項(xiàng)。10．選D空后的So表明設(shè)空處和下文是因果關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)即是設(shè)空處后一句的原因，同時(shí)D項(xiàng)中的them指代前面提到的“therangeandqualityofourchoices”，reduce也與前面的expand形成對(duì)比。故選D項(xiàng)。11．選B根據(jù)空后兩句可知，顯然，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在不斷提高。如果你不能持續(xù)創(chuàng)造出色的結(jié)果，其他人會(huì)。這說(shuō)明只有不斷提高，才能變得卓越。故選B項(xiàng)。12．選E空后的So表明前后是因果關(guān)系，設(shè)空處強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，再結(jié)合空前一句(人們期盼最好的)可知，E項(xiàng)(如果人們無(wú)法從你身上獲取最好的，他們就會(huì)另覓他處)符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.完形填空Thepast10monthshasbeenthemostinfluentialmonthsofmylife.Asajunior,IleftmycomfortablehomeinIllinoisand__13__goingtotheNavajoIndianReservationinArizona.ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschooland__14__foranadventure.Iexperiencedsomany__15__whenIarrived,fightingeachdayto__16__inanewsocialenvironment—overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial__17__...DuringthesummervacationI__18__tobeacounselor(顧問)atanEasterSealscampforpeoplewith__19__needswhorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilitiesandimprovetheirabilitytodothingsalone.ItwasthemosttiringworkI'deverexperiencedbutthemost__20__.IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'__21__.Asthenewschoolyearbegan,ourdepartmenthadarenovation(翻新).Iofferedtohelpcleanupallthe__22__books.Insteadofrecyclinghundredsofthosebooks,I__23__thedepartmentthatthebookscouldserveahigher__24__.Thissimpleactresultedinanall-outbookdrivebenefitingtheschoolsinArizona.The10-monthexperienceinArizona__25__megreatly.Itmademebecomeapersonwithpatience,appreciation,determination,and__26__enthusiasm.Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm,ideasandactionthatallchangescan__27__.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是夾敘夾議文。作者離開家鄉(xiāng)前往異地學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷讓他收獲了耐心、感恩、決心以及對(duì)生活的熱情。13．A.required B．riskedC．escaped D．considered解析：選B根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)eftmycomfortablehome”及下文中的“anadventure”可知，作者離開舒適的家，踏上了前往納瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒險(xiǎn)旅途。risk意為“冒險(xiǎn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。14．A.settledon B．settledbackC．settledup D．settledin解析：選D根據(jù)上文中的“ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschool”及下文內(nèi)容可知，作者在當(dāng)?shù)厣狭藢W(xué)，安頓了下來(lái)。settlein意為“安頓下來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。15．A.pleasures B．wondersC．blows D．burdens解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“fightingeachday”等信息可知，作者剛到納瓦霍印第安人保留地時(shí)，經(jīng)歷了許多打擊。blow在這里表示“打擊，挫折”，屬于“熟詞生義”。16．A.survive B．succeedC．recover D．return解析：選A根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指作者不得不每天為自己能在新的社會(huì)環(huán)境中生存下去而奮斗。survive意為“生存”，符合語(yǔ)境。17．A.cases B．communicationsC．conflicts D．responsibilities解析：選C根據(jù)上文中的“overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial”可知，此處指除了要克服種族差異外，作者還需應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)沖突。conflict意為“沖突”，符合語(yǔ)境。18．A.promised B．decidedC．a(chǎn)fforded D．learned解析：選B根據(jù)下文可知，作者決定去做夏令營(yíng)顧問。decide意為“決定”，符合語(yǔ)境。19．A.basic B．normalC．special D．natural解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“whorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilities”可知，來(lái)參加夏令營(yíng)的人是有特殊需求的人。special意為“特殊的”，符合語(yǔ)境。20．A.interesting B．rewardingC．demanding D．a(chǎn)ppealing解析：選B根據(jù)下文中的“IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'”及空前的“tiring”可知，此處指這是作者做過(guò)的最累人卻最有意義的工作。rewarding意為“有意義的，值得做的”，符合語(yǔ)境。21．A.patience B．independenceC．intelligence D．confidence解析：選B根據(jù)上文中的“theirabilitytodothingsalone”可知，作者幫助那些參加夏令營(yíng)的人變得更加獨(dú)立。independence意為“獨(dú)立”，符合語(yǔ)境。22．A.unturned B．valuableC．useful D．unwanted解析：選D根據(jù)下文中的“recyclinghundredsofthosebooks”可知，新學(xué)年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主動(dòng)提出幫忙把多余的書處理掉。unwanted意為“不需要的；多余的”，符合語(yǔ)境。23．A.reminded B．comfortedC．inf