2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分題型閱讀理解方法論課件(共47張PPT)

第第頁2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分題型閱讀理解方法論課件(共47張PPT)(共47張PPT)

1.定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

2.單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

3.定位不明是多細(xì)，選項(xiàng)定位來代替

5.跳過雖然看但是

6.跳過例子看結(jié)論

7.驗(yàn)證結(jié)論看例子，時間名字加數(shù)字

8.漢語解釋是提示，答案大意找解釋

9.各段首句是主旨，標(biāo)題大意出于此10.復(fù)現(xiàn)名詞是主旨，同義替換是常識

11.引起話題可秒殺

4.冒號破號是解釋，前前后后試一試

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

1.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means“”.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension

（原文）【P2/7】Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

1.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means“”.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension

（原文）【P2/7】Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

2.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

（原文）【P2/5】Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

2.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

（原文）【P2/5】Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare____.

A.followingthelatestworldtrend

B.gettinginternationalrecognition

C.workingharderthaneverbefore

D.relyingonforeignarchitects

（原文）【P1/10】WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.

【P2/10】Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2023PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare____.

A.followingthelatestworldtrend

B.gettinginternationalrecognition

C.workingharderthaneverbefore

D.relyingonforeignarchitects

（原文）【P1/10】WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.

【P2/10】Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2023PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

4.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.

A.theprogressmadeincarindustry

B.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagriculture

D.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

（原文）【P1/5】Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,米國青年農(nóng)會）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P1/5】Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,米國青年農(nóng)會）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

（原文）【P1/5】Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,米國青年農(nóng)會）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

跳過雖然看但是

（原文）【P1/5】Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.

跳過雖然看但是

4.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.

A.theprogressmadeincarindustry

B.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagriculture

D.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

引起話題可秒殺

5.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph？

A.Toleadtothetopic

B.Toentertainthereader.

C.Toaskforinformation.

D.Topresentanidea.

（原文）【P1/4】Today,weareconstantlybombardedwithmediareportsaboutresearchontherightdiettofollowtohelpusmaintainahealthylifestyleorloseweight——Butit’shardtoknowwhichonetopickandwaschosen，it’sharderstilltosticktoit.Andnowthere’sanotherchoicetogetourteethinto.

練：Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto_______.

A:describehowtousetheInternet.

B:introducethemaintopic.

C:showtheauthor'sattitude.

D:explainhowtostoreinformation.

（原文）【P1/4】AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberinglessIfyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrainExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

引起話題可秒殺

練：Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto_______.

A:describehowtousetheInternet.

B:introducethemaintopic.

C:showtheauthor'sattitude.

D:explainhowtostoreinformation.

（原文）【P1/4】AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberinglessIfyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrainExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

D

練：Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto_______.

A:introduceatopic

B:presentanargument

C:describethecharacters

D:clarifyhiswritingpurpose

（原文）【P1/7】"DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday"LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,"OfcourseIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago."

A

引起話題可秒殺

6.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout？

A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.

B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.

D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.

各段首句是主旨，標(biāo)題大意出于此

【P2/3】Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圓錐體）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（巖漿）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

【P2/3】Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圓錐體）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（巖漿）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

各段首句是主旨，標(biāo)題大意出于此

漢語解釋是提示，答案大意找解釋

【P2/3】Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圓錐體）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（巖漿）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

各段首句是主旨，標(biāo)題大意出于此

漢語解釋是提示，答案大意找解釋

6.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout？

A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.

B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.

D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.

各段首句是主旨，標(biāo)題大意出于此

A

7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetopForallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetopForallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.

HowdidDickensgettothetop

7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.

HowdidDickensgettothetop

7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

A

8.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd

A.Totryoutanidea.

B.Toshowaparent'slove.

C.Totrainhisattention.

D.Tohelphimstartahobby.

（原文）【P3/4】Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:HowdowemakeitahabitforthemAndhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduselessYesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P3/4】Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:HowdowemakeitahabitforthemAndhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduselessYesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P3/4】Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:HowdowemakeitahabitforthemAndhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduselessYesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.

單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

8.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd

A.Totryoutanidea.

B.Toshowaparent'slove.

C.Totrainhisattention.

D.Tohelphimstartahobby.

（原文）【P3/4】Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.

單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

8.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd

A.Totryoutanidea.

B.Toshowaparent'slove.

C.Totrainhisattention.

D.Tohelphimstartahobby.

（原文）【P3/4】Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.

單細(xì)定位現(xiàn)因果，因?yàn)槟康牡慕Y(jié)果

A

9.Theresearchersconductedthestudyby_____.

A．usingamassiveonlinequizworldwide

B．comparingdifferentculturesandcustoms

C．dividingtherespondentsintothreegroups

D．performingaseriesofcontrolledexperiments

（原文）【P1/7】Whenadriverslamsonthebrakestoavoidhittingapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally,sheismakingamoraldecisionthatshiftsriskfromthepedestriantothepeopleinthecar.Self-drivingcarsmightsoonhavetomakesuchethical(道德的)judgmentsontheirown—butsettlingonauniversalmoralcodeforthevehiclescouldbeatoughtask,suggestsasurvey.

【P2/7】Thelargesteversurveyofmachineethics,calledtheMoralMachine,laidout13possiblesituationsinwhichsomeone’sdeathwasunavoidable.Respondentswereaskedtochoosewhotospareinsituationsthatinvolvedamixofvariables:youngorold,richorpoor,morepeopleorfewer.Within18months,theonlinequizhadrecorded40milliondecisionsmadebypeoplefrom233countriesandterritories.

【P3/7】Whentheresearchersanalyzedtheseanswers,theyfoundthatthenationscouldbedividedintothreegroups.OnecontainsNorthAmericaandseveralEuropeannationswhereChristianityhasbeenthedominant(占支配地位的)religion;anotherincludescountriessuchasJapan,IndonesiaandPakistan,withstrongConfucianorIslamictraditions.AthirdgroupconsistsofcountriesinCentralandSouthAmerica,suchasColombiaandBrazil.Thefirstgroupshowedastrongerpreferenceforsacrificingolderlivestosaveyoungeronesthandidthesecondgroup,forexample.

（原文）【P1/7】Whenadriverslamsonthebrakestoavoidhittingapedestriancrossingtheroadillegally,sheismakingamoraldecisionthatshiftsriskfromthepedestriantothepeopleinthecar.Self-drivingcarsmightsoonhavetomakesuchethical(道德的)judgmentsontheirown—butsettlingonauniversalmoralcodeforthevehiclescouldbeatoughtask,suggestsasurvey.

【P2/7】Thelargesteversurveyofmachineethics,calledtheMoralMachine,laidout13possiblesituationsinwhichsomeone’sdeathwasunavoidable.Respondentswereaskedtochoosewhotospareinsituationsthatinvolvedamixofvariables:youngorold,richorpoor,morepeopleorfewer.Within18months,theonlinequizhadrecorded40milliondecisionsmadebypeoplefrom233countriesandterritories.

【P3/7】Whentheresearchersanalyzedtheseanswers,theyfoundthatthenationscouldbedividedintothreegroups.OnecontainsNorthAmericaandseveralEuropeannationswhereChristianityhasbeenthedominant(占支配地位的)religion;anotherincludescountriessuchasJapan,IndonesiaandPakistan,withstrongConfucianorIslamictraditions.AthirdgroupconsistsofcountriesinCentralandSouthAmerica,suchasColombiaandBrazil.Thefirstgroupshowedastrongerpreferenceforsacrificingolderlivestosaveyoungeronesthandidthesecondgroup,forexample.

10.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about

A.Foodvariety.

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

【P2/5】Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

10.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about

A.Foodvariety.

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

【P2/5】Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

11.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P1/3】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P1/3】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

11.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

定位明確是單細(xì)，定到哪里是哪里

（原文）【P1/3】In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere