Unit1Wordsandexpressions課件-高中英語人教版選擇性(1)-1

PeopleofAchievement——Words&ExpressionsPART1Wordformation1.

；關(guān)鍵性的→_________adv.關(guān)鍵地2.

；充滿生機的→________n.生命力;活力3.

v.承諾；全心全意投入;犯(錯誤、罪行等)→_____________n.承諾；奉獻→__________adj.盡心盡力的；4.

n.

性質(zhì);特征→__________pl.性質(zhì)5.

n.研究院→__________adj.學(xué)術(shù)的→

adv.學(xué)術(shù)地6.

adj.植物學(xué)的→___________adv.植物學(xué)地→_________n.植物學(xué)

→___________n.植物學(xué)家7.

vt.評價;評估→_____________n.評估8.

adj.清晰的；有區(qū)別的→___________n.區(qū)別；差別9.

vt.承認;(公開)感謝→___________________n.承認;感謝10.

vt.分析→___________n.分析→

(pl.)cruciallyvitalityacademicacademicallybotanicallybotanybotanistcrucialvitalpropertypropertiesacademybotanicalevaluateevaluationdistinctdistinctionacknowledgeacknowledgementanalyseanalysisanalyses11.

adj.科學(xué)(上)的→_____________adv.科學(xué)地→__________n.科學(xué)→___________n.科學(xué)家12.

n.結(jié)論；推論→_________v.得出結(jié)論；推斷出13.

vt.創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)立→__________pt./pp.→

n.建立者;發(fā)起人→

n.基礎(chǔ)；基金會14.

v.推斷;推定→

n.推論;推斷→

pt./pp.

15.

adj.溫柔的;文靜的→_______adv.溫柔地;有禮貌地

n.溫和;溫柔16.

n.酷愛;激情→___________adj.熱情的;熱烈的→______________adv.熱情地；強烈地17.

n.結(jié)果;后果→_____________adj.隨之發(fā)生的;作為結(jié)果的→

adv.因此18.

n.目標;adj.客觀的→_________n.物品v.反對→

adj.主觀的scientificallyscientistinferscientificscienceconclusionconcludefoundfounderfoundationinferenceinferredgentlegentlygentlenesspassionpassionatepassionatelyconsequenceconsequentconsequentlyobjectiveobjectsubjectivefounded19.

adv.顯然→_________adj.顯而易見的20.

n.長篇小說adj.新穎的→_________n.小說家21.

n.政治家→________n.政治→

adj.政治的→

n.政策22.

adj.眾多的→

n.數(shù)量23.

adv.逐漸地→________adj.逐漸的

24.

n.相對論；相對性→________adj.相對的；比較的→_____________adv.相對地；比較而言25.

adj.不一般的→__________adj.普通的26.

n.教授→__________n.行業(yè);職業(yè)→

.

adj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n.專業(yè)人士→

adv.在工作上27.

adj.非凡的→

adv.非凡地；格外

→

n.談?wù)?，言論v.說起；談?wù)?；評論28.

v.總結(jié)

n.總結(jié)，概括apparentnumberapparentlynovelnovelistpoliticianpolicynumerousgradualgraduallyrelativityrelativerelativelyextraordinarypoliticspoliticalordinaryprofessorprofessionprofessionalprofessionallyremarkableremarkablyremarksumsummaryPART2KeywordsTheearlylearningyearsarecrucialto/forachild’seducationaldevelopment.Itiscrucialforteenagerstodevelopintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsociety.Itiscrucialthattheproblemshouldbesolvedimmediately.ThecityofMycenaeplayedacrucialrole/partinthehistoryofGreece.1.crucialadj.關(guān)鍵性的；至關(guān)重要的becrucialto/for(doing)sth.對于…至關(guān)重要Itiscrucialforsbtodo…做某事對某人來說是至關(guān)重要的Itiscrucialthat…(should)do…極為重要的是…;關(guān)鍵是…playacrucialrole/partinsth.在…中起到關(guān)鍵作用Overthepastyear,wehavebeenbusypreparingfortheNationalCollegeEntranceExamination,

.

mostChinesestudents.which完成句子iscrucialfor/to在過去的一年中，我們都忙著準備高考，這場考試對于大多數(shù)中國學(xué)生而言至關(guān)重要。(crucial，非限制性定語從句)bevitalto/for(doing)sth對……至關(guān)重要

Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是至關(guān)重要的Itisvitalthat…(should)do…是至關(guān)重要的beofvitalimportance(=veryimportant)至關(guān)重要2.vitaladj.極其重要的；充滿生機的Anaccurateanalysisofdataisvital_______scientificresearch.AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvitalforteenagers___________(maintain)apositiveattitudetowardslife.Besides,itisvitalthatyou_______________(mind)yourtablemannersinChinawhenyouattendadinnerparty.(寫作——餐桌禮儀)for/totomaintain(should)mind單句語法填空vi.&vt犯(錯誤,罪行);投入(時間、錢…)承諾；保證；全心全意投入(工作，活動)ReadandtelltheChinesemeaning投入奉獻,不可數(shù)盡心盡力的致力于犯罪

同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Committedtotheproject[拓展]

其他常用的“獻身于；致力于；專心致志于”的表達：·bedevotedto(doing)sth·bededicatedto(doing)sth·beabsorbedin(doing)sth·beburiedin(doing)sth·beengagedin(doing)sth·applyoneselfto(doing)sth4.distinctadj.有區(qū)別的；清晰的，清楚的distinctly(教材P2)．..theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments...……他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的……古代中醫(yī)療法。(1)distinctionn．[C，U] 差別；區(qū)分；卓著make/drawadistinction 區(qū)分開來；區(qū)別對待makenodistinction 沒有區(qū)別asinger/writerofdistinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家(2)distinguishv. 區(qū)分，辨別，分清distinguishbetweenrightandwrong 明辨是非詞語搭配：Itisdistinctthat...很明顯……bedistinctfrom...in...(＝bedifferentfrom...in...)在……方面與……截然不同學(xué)法點撥：把A與B區(qū)分開來即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Goldisdistinct________iron.②Thereisafine________(distinct)betweenthetwowords.③Wemustmakeadistinction________formallanguageandinformallanguage.完成句子④It'sdifficultforachildto__________________________________________________(明辨是非).⑤________________________(……是明顯的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.fromdistinctionbetweenmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong/distinguishrightfromwrongItisdistinct/obvious/evidentthat5.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行(1)obtainadvice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/應(yīng)許(2)obtain...from/outof/through...從……中得到……表示“獲得”的動詞：gain,get,acquire,obtain。語境助記：Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.這種風(fēng)俗在某些地方仍然流行。acquire:書面語用詞，多用于通過不斷努力日積月累地漸漸獲得智力、知識、技術(shù)、能力，權(quán)利等表示抽象概念的東西，有時也可以通過努力獲得某物。obtain:較正式用詞，著重通過巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的東西。

gain:側(cè)重指經(jīng)過努力或有意識行動而取得某種成就或獲得某種利益或好處。earn:側(cè)重指依靠自己的勞動或因付出代價與有功而獲得(3)adj.obtainableadj.可獲得的；可得到的Sheisacknowledgedas/tobeoneofthebestnovelists.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat

Vitaminsarecrucialformaintaininggoodhealth.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolenthelady’spurse.Theyacknowledgedthattheyweredefeated.Iwassentafreecopyofthemagazineinacknowledgementofmycontribution.6.acknowledgevt.承認(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝beacknowledgedas/tobe…被公認為/是…It’sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledged

that…眾所周知/普遍認為……acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth.承認(做過)某事acknowledgethat+賓語從句承認……acknowledgementn.承認；確認；感謝完成句子1.人們普遍認為應(yīng)該依據(jù)整體素質(zhì)來評價學(xué)生。(一句多譯)People______________________studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality._________________________________studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.widelyacknowledgethatItiswidelyacknowledgedthat2.Theyrefusedtoacknowledgethattheyweredefeated.（改為簡單句）→Theyrefusedtoacknowledge______________.beingdefeated7.defeatn．[C，U]失??；挫敗vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；使困惑，難住(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不認輸。(1)n.[C]aheavydefeat慘敗 abig/baddefeat大敗anarrowdefeat惜敗 suffer(a)defeat遭遇失敗(2)n.[U]admit/accept/facedefeat 認輸/接受失敗/面臨失敗acknowledgedefeat 承認失敗(3)vt.defeattheenemy 擊敗敵人defeatateam 打敗一支隊伍bedefeatedatchess 在下國際象棋時被打敗詞匯辨析

defeat,beat,win

defeat/beat

賓語為對手時，兩者可通用。defeat賓語通常是敵人beat多用于競爭、比賽、辯論等的對手

win表示在競爭中取得勝利賓語是事/物：一般為race,game,match,election,prize等不能接人，但可以說winoversb（把某人爭取過來）YesterdayIdefeated/beatHanksinthematch.Hewononlyoneset,whileIwontwo.昨天在比賽中我贏了漢克斯。他只贏了一局，而我贏了兩局。判斷正誤他們贏了這場戰(zhàn)爭。

Theybeatthewar.Theywonthebattle.Theywonthebattle.翻譯：在比賽中我擊敗了他而贏得獎品。Ibeathiminthecontestandwontheprize.X8.apparently

adv.顯而易見；看來；顯然Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣……apparent

adj.顯然的；顯而易見的Itisapparent(tosb.)that...(對某人來說)……是明顯的。單句語法填空/完成句子①Ithoughthehadfoundanewjob,but

(apparent)hehasn’t.②Itisapparent

thedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.③

,blindlyfollowingothers’advicewillaffectourownjudgment.

顯然，盲目地聽從別人的建議會影響我們自己的判斷。apparentlythatApparently9.insistv.堅持；堅決要求；堅持說insiston/upon(sb/sb’s)(doing)sth堅決要求(某人)(做)某事insiston(doing)sth.堅持做某事；執(zhí)意繼續(xù)做某事insistthat...堅持說/堅持認為……[從句的謂語按實際選擇時態(tài)]強烈要求/堅持主張……

[從句用虛擬語氣(should)do…]堅決要求某人做某事堅持要/執(zhí)意做某事堅決要求，堅持主張堅持說單句語法填空?Iwantedtowalktothestation,butheinsistedon____________(drive)methere.?Thedoctorinsistedthathe________(be)seriouslyillandthathe______________________(operate)onimmediately.?InsistingthatTom______________________,MrSmithinsistedthat______________________________.由于堅持認為湯姆偷了他的小汽車，史密斯先生強烈要求把他關(guān)進監(jiān)獄。drivingwas(should)beoperatedhadstolenhiscarhe(should)beputintoprison補全句子n.結(jié)論；結(jié)束；結(jié)尾PracticeTheprogramconcluded

asong.Whatcanyouconclude

whathesaid?Whenhebringshisspeechtoanice

(conclude),theteacherinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

It

(conclude)thattheyagreedtomakejointefforttoimprovetheworkingconditions.withfromconclusionwasconcludedHercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Under/Inthecircumstances,you’dbetteranalyzethedataforasecondtimetodrawtherightconclusion.UndernocircumstanceswillImissthisopportunity,whichisvitalformyfuturedevelopment.

.11n.(常用復(fù)數(shù))條件，環(huán)境；狀況under/inthecircumstances在此情況下under/innocircumstances決不;無論如何都不

(位于句首時,句子用部分倒裝)翻譯句子無論如何我都不會向任何人提及這個秘密。UndernocircumstancesshallImentionthesecrettoanyone._______________________________________________________________________________________________近義短語:“絕不，任何情況都不”：innocase,innoway,onnocondition,onnoaccount,atnotime12.found

v.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在1.ThetownwasfoundedbyEnglishsettlersin1790.

這座城鎮(zhèn)是英格蘭移民于1790年建的。2.Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.

他們的婚姻建立在愛和尊重的基礎(chǔ)上。befoundedon/uponsth.建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上；建在某物之上foundation

n.

地基；基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)laya(firm/solid)foundationfor...為……打下(堅實的)基礎(chǔ)founder

n.創(chuàng)辦者，發(fā)起人was

foundedonfoundationfounded

in13.passion

n.酷愛；激情1.Passionswererunninghighatthemeeting.

會上群情激昂。2.Hehasapassionformusic.

他酷愛音樂。3.Theyoungstudentdescribedthatconclusionwithpassionthatday.

那天那個年輕的學(xué)生慷慨激昂地描述了那個結(jié)論。fullofpassion充滿激情withpassion

富有激情haveapassionfor...

對……情有獨鐘，非常喜歡forofwithhaving

a

passion

forbeinpower掌權(quán)，執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài)，可以和一段時間連用)havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力/權(quán)力withinone’spower在某人的能力范圍內(nèi)，力所能及beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的powerful

adj.

強有力的beyondpowerfulwithinto

solvecame

to

power1)Asaconsequence/Inconsequence,hefledAmerica.2)Asa/Inconsequenceoffoodwaste,moreenvironmentalproblemsarecaused.3)Thewarmingoftheearthandtheconsequentclimatechangeaffectusall.4)Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,consequently,didwellinschool.15.consequencen.結(jié)果；后果；影響asaconsequence=inconsequence因此;結(jié)果asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof由于……的緣故consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的;作為結(jié)果的consequentlyadv.因此;結(jié)果一句多譯因為吸煙，我父親經(jīng)常咳嗽。Myfathercoughsfrequently

.___________________________________smoking.2.我父親吸煙，結(jié)果他經(jīng)?？人?。Myfathersmokes,and,

.

,hecoughsfrequently.asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof/asaresultof/becauseofasaconsequence/inconsequence/consequently/asaresult

up

a

position

擔(dān)任;任職【歸納】take

up接受;開始從事;繼續(xù);占據(jù)(時間或空間)take

off脫掉;起飛;成名;迅速流行/突然大受歡迎The

plane

took

off

an

hour

late.飛機起飛晚了一個小時.he

new

magazine

has

really

taken

off.這份新雜志真是大受歡迎.take

in接受;收留;理解;明白;欺騙;吸入He

was

homeless,

so

we

took

him

in.他無家可歸，我們便收留了他。Don‘tbetakeninbyhischarm.不要被他那迷人的風(fēng)度所蒙蔽Gazingupintohiseyes,sheseemedtotakeinallhesaid.她抬起頭注視著他的眼睛，好像聽懂了他說的一切。take

on雇用;呈現(xiàn)(新面貌等);承擔(dān);同某人較量；

take

over接管;to

take

on

new

staff雇用新員工takeonresponsibilities短語填空①Smartphonesnotonly

ourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

②Themorefatyou

beforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

③Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourcountryhas

anewlook.

takeuptakeintakenon17.encounter

v.偶然碰到；遇到

n.邂逅；遭遇encounteredwithacross/intoencounter

problems18.remarkable

adj.非凡的；顯著的1.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isremarkableforitslongmagnificenthistory.北京是中國的首都，因其悠久而輝煌的歷史而著稱。2.Itisremarkablethatwomendidnothavethevoteuntilthattime.婦女直到那個時候才有選舉權(quán)，這很令人驚訝。3.Hemadeanumberofruderemarksaboutthefoodhere.關(guān)于這里的食物他做了許多無禮的評論。4.Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方報紙評論說由于強有力的法律措施，車禍在減少。beremarkablefor以……著稱remarkably

adv.非常；極為；格外；出乎意料地remark

n.談?wù)?；言論；評述

v.

談?wù)?；評論；說起makearemark/remarkson/upon...對……發(fā)表意見remarkon/upon...談?wù)?評論……remarkableremarkablyremarkedon/uponremarkable

improvement19.sum

v.總結(jié)；概括

n.金額；款項；總數(shù)；總和1.Nowsumupyourviewsinafewwords.現(xiàn)在用幾句話概括一下你的觀點。2.Tosumup/Insum,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.總之，為了心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉并戒煙。3.Shehasdonatedalargesumofmoneytothehospitals.她已經(jīng)向這些醫(yī)院捐出一大筆善款。sumup計算……的總數(shù)；總結(jié)；概括tosumup總之，總的來說(常位于句首)insum總之，總而言之a(chǎn)largesumof一大筆；大量的summary

n.總結(jié)；摘要；概要單句語法填空/完成句子①Letmesum

thelastlesson.Afterthatwe’lltakeupanewlesson.②Pleasewritemea

(sum)ofthisreport.③

(sum)up,therearethreemainwaysofsettlingtheproblem.④Manymembersspokeatthemeeting,andfinallythechairman

thediscussion.

許多成員在會議上發(fā)了言，最后主席總結(jié)了這次討論。upsummaryTo

sumsummed

upPART4Keyphrases1.對……極為重要的/必不可少的2.承諾/保證(做某事)4.獻身于/致力于(做)某事5.承認(做了)某事6.被認為是……7.眾所周知/普遍認為7.很顯然……8.堅決要求（做）某事9.堅決要求(從句用虛擬語氣)10.結(jié)果11.因為12.擔(dān)任；任職13.總之bevitalto/foracknowledge

doingsth.be

acknowledgedas.../tobe...

insiston(doing)sth.insist

(that)…(should)do…Itisapparent/clear/obviousthat...

asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult

takeupapositiontosumup=inconclusion=toconcludeItisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…asaconsequenceof…=inconsequenceof…=asaresultof…

13.(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗14.(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺15.與…截然不同的/有區(qū)別的16.得到許可17.學(xué)術(shù)成就18.得出結(jié)論19.偶然碰到…20.絕不，無論如何都不21.在理論上/實踐上22.一大筆錢/少量的錢23.目的是…24.酷愛…25.白開水(煮開過的);正在沸騰的水wearandtearobtainpermissionacademicachievementsintheory/practicealarge/smallsumofmoneyin/undernocircumstances

withtheobjectiveofdoing…h(huán)aveapassionfor…=bepassionateabout…boiledwater；boilingwaterbedistinctfrom…encountersth=haveanencounterwithst