(完整版)過(guò)去完成時(shí)ppt

第七講過(guò)去完成時(shí)

含義過(guò)去的過(guò)去Now過(guò)去完成時(shí)=過(guò)去時(shí)+完成時(shí)構(gòu)成had+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)

①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞.②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞.③一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞?

肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.

否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hadnot.④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞）？⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had（hadn't)+been+過(guò)去分詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

before,bythetime,until,when,after,once,assoonas用法

（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。

例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship.

到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。BythetimeIgottothestation,thebushadleftalready.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站的時(shí)候，車已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。IhadneverseenthiskindoftreesbeforeIcametoParis.

在我來(lái)巴黎之前，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這種樹(shù)。（2）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

例如：Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.

當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.

他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。（3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例如：Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.

我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。（4）在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例如：IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已歸還了我借的書(shū)。

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.

她丟失的鑰匙找到了。（5）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said，knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（或間接引語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。

例如：

Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.

他說(shuō)他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

如when,before,after,assoon，as,till/until引導(dǎo)的例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.

我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。

Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.

她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺(jué)。注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。

（7）動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。

例如：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.

他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.

我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。（8）過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。

Hard…when..一…就…例如：

Hehadhardlybeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

他剛開(kāi)始演講，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。

注意：

把hardly提前，須倒裝

Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosooner…than…一就Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。注意：Nosooner提前，要倒裝

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。高考題1.（10安徽28）----Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?----No,I_______thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory?A.wasreading B.hadread C.amreading D.haveread----Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?----No,I_______thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory?A.wasreading B.hadread C.amreading D.haveread答案：B.考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。解析：句意為“我看過(guò)書(shū)了，已知道這個(gè)故事”。在“knew”前已看過(guò)，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2.（10湖南27）Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone

it.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone

it.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo

答案：B考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。解析：該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wasjustgoingtocut之前，即表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“我正要剪切我的薔薇叢但（發(fā)現(xiàn)）有人已經(jīng)將它剪切了。是你干的嗎？”3.（10江蘇30）—Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?—We________busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe—Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?—We________busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe選C.考查時(shí)態(tài)題.我們?nèi)ズ＿叞l(fā)生在過(guò)去.而我們忙于工作在此之前.因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí).4.（10北京28）IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey__forme.A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoingIttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey__forme.A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing答案：A考點(diǎn):本題考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。解析：整個(gè)句子時(shí)態(tài)用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，我能夠表示感謝就已經(jīng)是過(guò)去，而他們對(duì)我的幫助則是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。因此選A。5.(08北京27)Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood，butI

inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstaying B.stayed

C.wouldstay D.hadstayed答案D解析由句中的worse可知該句是表達(dá)比較的含義，故本題句意應(yīng)為:這家旅館并不特別好，但是我住過(guò)比它更差的旅館。由于“Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood”中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以stay這一動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在描述情況之前，故須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood，butI

inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstaying B.stayed

C.wouldstay D.hadstayed6.(08遼寧23)Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe

eachotherforyears.A.knew

B.haveknown C.hadknown D.knowWefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe

eachotherforyears.A.knew

B.haveknown C.hadknown D.know答案C解析句意為：我們于2000年在火車上第一次相遇。我們兩人都立刻覺(jué)得我們好像已認(rèn)識(shí)了好多年。that從句中know的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞felt之前，因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。7.(07安徽26)Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen，they

toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A.didn’tspeak B.hadn’tspokenC.haven’tspoken D.haven’tbeenspeakingTheybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen，they

toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A.didn’tspeak B.hadn’tspokenC.haven’tspoken D.haven’tbeenspeaking答案B解析到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止所完成的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。8.(07重慶23)—DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?—Yes，hedid.He

hisoldfriendsforalongtime.A.didn’tsee B.wouldn’tsee C.hasn’tseen D.hadn’tseen—DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?—Yes，hedid.He

hisoldfriendsforalongtime.A.didn’tsee B.wouldn’tsee C.hasn’tseen D.hadn’tseen答案D解析foralongtime與完成時(shí)連用，且前一句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。9.(07江蘇23)Attheendofthemeeting，itwasannouncedthatanagreement

.A.hasbeenreached B.hadbeenreached C.hasreached D.hadreachedAttheendofthemeeting，itwasannouncedthatanagreement

.A.hasbeenreached B.hadbeenreached C.hasreached D.hadreached答案B解析“達(dá)成協(xié)議”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wasannounced之前，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。10.(06全國(guó)Ⅱ12)John，afriendofmine，whogotmarriedonlylastweek，spent$3，000morethanhe

forthewedding.A.willplan B.hasplanned C.wouldplan D.hadplannedJohn，afriendofmine，whogotmarriedonlylastweek，spent$3，000morethanhe

forthewedding.A.willplan B.hasplanned C.wouldplan D.hadplanned答案D解析plan表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在spend這一過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意為：我的朋友約翰上周結(jié)婚了，婚禮花去了3000美元，超過(guò)了原計(jì)劃。讀故事

aboutadisabledboyShayasked,“Doyouthinkthey’llletmeplay?”Shay’sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.Shay’sfatherapproachedoneoftheboysonthefieldandaskedifShaycouldplay,notexpectingmuch.Theboylookedaroundandsaid,“We’relosingbysixruns(分)andthegameisintheeighthinning(局).Iguesshecanbeonourteamandwe’lltrytoputhimintobatinthefinalinning.Shaystruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmileandhisfatherhadasmalltearinhiseyeandwarmthinheart.Theboyssawthefather’sjoyathissonbeingaccepted.Inthebottomoftheeighthinning,Shay’steamscoredafewrunsbutwasstillbehindbythree.Inthetopofthefinalinning,Shayputonagloveandplayedinthefield.Eventhoughnohitscamehisway,hewasobviouslyjoyfuljusttobeinthegameandonthefield.Inthebottomofthefinalinning,Shay’steamscoredagain.Now,Shaywasscheduledtobenextatbat.WouldtheyletShaybatandgiveawaytheirchancetowinthegame?Surprisingly,Shaywasgiventhebat.Everyoneknewthatahitwasalmostimpossible.Thefirstpitch(投)cameandShaymissed.ThepitcheragaintookafewstepsforwardtothrowtheballsoftlytowardsShay.Asthepitchcamein,Shayswungattheballandhitaslowgroundballrightbacktothepitcher.ThepitchercouldhaveeasilythrownheballtothefirstbasemanandShaywouldhavebeenoutandthatwouldhavebeentheendofthegame.Instead,thepitcherthrewtheballrightovertheheadofthefirstbaseman,beyondthereachofallteammates,Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamsstartedscreaming,“Shay,runtofirst!”NeverinhislifehadShayeverrunthatfarbutmadeittofirstbase,wide-eyedandshocked..Ev