初中英語語法大全之省略句專項講解

句式之省略句定義：省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在語言中，尤其在對話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。一、簡單句中的省略1．省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其他省略主語的用法多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn'tmatter.2．省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim

3．不定式的省略(1)使役動詞let,make,have及感官動詞see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等后面作賓語補足的不定式要省去to,但在被動句時應加上to。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.2)mean,try,want,afford,decide,refuse,wish,like,need,wouldlike,wouldlove...等后面接不定式作賓語時，省略作賓語的不定式。只保留不定式符號to,但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài)的不定式時，則需在to后加上be或have?！狝reyougoingthere?—Yes,I'dliketo(gothere)．—Areyouanengineer?—No,butIwanttobe(anengineer)．3．不定式的省略3)tell,warn,order,advise,ask,expect等動詞后接不定式作賓補時常省略不定式的賓語補足語。Thestudentswanttoenterthelab,butthemonitoradvisesthemnotto(enterthelab)．3．不定式的省略4)兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起由and/or連接時，第1個不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示對比(照)等，則不省略to。Herjobistotakecareofthechildrenand(to)washclothes.It'sbettertolaughthantocry.3．不定式的省略5)主(賓)語補足語中的tobe往往省略。Hewasthought(tobe)thecleverestboyinthegroup.6)特殊結構中的省略wouldsooner,hadbetter,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut,there'snothingtodobut,can'thelpbut,ratherthan等后的不定式的符號to常省略。Hewouldsoonerdiethansurrender.I'dratherlookafterthebabythanwashdishes.7)主語部分有一個表“做”的do的各種形式時，表語不定式常省略“to”。WhatIreallywanttodois(to)gotothecinema.4．省略表語—Areyouthirsty?—Yes,Iam(thirsty)．5．同時省略幾個成分Let'smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.練習.

1.---Iwon'tdoitanymore.---________?

A.Whydon'tB.Whydon'tdoitanymore

C.WhynotD.Whynotto

2.Although________tostop,hekeptonworking.

A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told

3.---Willyouwasteyourtimeandmoneyonthat?---Certainly________.

A.InotB.don'tC.notD.no答案：CDC二、并列句中的省略兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.三、主從復合句中的省略1．主句中有一些成分被省略。(I'm)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2．從句的省略(1)賓語從句以which,when,where,how和why引導的賓語從句在其謂語與主句謂語相同時，可省略全部謂語，甚至主語也省略，僅保留一個wh－詞。ShewillgotoBeijing,butIdon'tknowwhen(shewillgotoBeijing.)(2)狀語從句在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，如果主語與主句主語一致，或者主語是it，那么動詞be及其主語通常可省略。常見的有以下幾種：時間狀語從句：Becarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.條件狀語從句：Hewon'tgotothepartyunless(heis)invited.比較狀語從句：Countrymusictodayremainsmuchthesameas(itwas)before.讓步狀語從句：Whether(itis)rightorwrong,hisopinionshouldbepaidattentionto.注意：though和as引導讓步狀語從句時，通常從句要倒裝。從句倒裝時，如果從句的表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，將名詞提前時，名詞前面的冠詞a/an須省略。Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.＝Thoughheisachild,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.注意：有些由if構成的省略結構，已屬固定短語，如ifany,ifnecessary,ifpossible,ifnot,ifso等。Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.—Hemaybebusy.—Ifso,I'llcalllater.Ifnot,canIseehimnow?(3)修飾名詞way的限制性定語從句常省略inwhich或that。Isthiswayyoutalktoyourparents?(4)強調(diào)句Itis/was...that...，當強調(diào)疑問句時，that?？墒÷浴hywasit(that)youweretenminuteslate?用so或not時切不可用it或that代替。—Ishecomingbacktonight?—Ithinkso.—Ishefeelingbettertoday?—I'mafraidnot.這種用法常見的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isupposenot.Ibelievednot.Ihopenot等。(但Idon'tthinkso比Ithinknot更常用)。

練習1.Wasitonalonelyisland______hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown? A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what2.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whatWasitonalonelyisland______hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown? A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】B【考點】考查強調(diào)句?！窘馕觥看颂帍娬{(diào)的是句子的地點狀語onalonelyisland，是強調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型：Wasit+被強調(diào)部分+that+句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉沒一個月后在一個孤島上被營救的？”Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what【答案】C【考點】考查強調(diào)句?！窘馕觥繌娬{(diào)句型:Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that連接句子的其他部分。答案選擇C。3.---Marydidn'tattendthelecture,didshe?---Yes,she________.

A.attendedB.didn'tattendC.didn'tD.did4.---What'sJoandoing?

---_________newspapersintheroom.

A.ShereadingB.Shereads

C.ToreadD.Reading練習6._________alwayssucceed.

A.HonestandcleverstudentsB.Studentswhohonestandclever

C.HoneststudentsandcleverD.Studentsarehonestandclever7.---Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?---__________?

A.IB.MyselfC.MineD.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_______supportit.

A.anymoreB.manymoreC.muchmoreD.nomore練習9.---I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?

---No