服務(wù)型制造：制造業(yè)崛起的必由之路-畢業(yè)外文翻譯名師資料合集(完整版)資料

服務(wù)型制造：制造業(yè)崛起的必由之路畢業(yè)外文翻譯名師資料合集（完整版）資料(可以直接使用，可編輯優(yōu)秀版資料，歡迎下載）

服務(wù)型制造：制造業(yè)崛起的必由之路畢業(yè)外文翻譯名師資料合集（完整版）資料(可以直接使用，可編輯優(yōu)秀版資料，歡迎下載）服務(wù)型制造：制造業(yè)崛起的必由之路工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，就是制造業(yè)不斷崛起和壯大的歷程。制造業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和產(chǎn)業(yè)主體，是支撐一個(gè)國(guó)家從農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)向工業(yè)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)。當(dāng)前，制造業(yè)發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出一系列新的特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)，尤其是在信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用日益廣泛和深入的背景下，全球制造業(yè)正在從“生產(chǎn)型制造”向“服務(wù)型制造”轉(zhuǎn)變。中國(guó)提出加快推進(jìn)信息化與工業(yè)化融合，這一融合的基礎(chǔ)是產(chǎn)業(yè)融合，產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的關(guān)鍵是制造業(yè)崛起，制造業(yè)崛起的標(biāo)志是從“生產(chǎn)型制造”到“服務(wù)型制造”的轉(zhuǎn)變。服務(wù)型制造成為全球制造業(yè)發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)從生產(chǎn)型制造向服務(wù)型制造轉(zhuǎn)變是當(dāng)前制造業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)基本趨勢(shì)。它在微觀層面上表現(xiàn)為企業(yè)從生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)向服務(wù)型企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變，在中觀層面上表現(xiàn)為從制造業(yè)城市向服務(wù)業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)變，在宏觀層面上表現(xiàn)為服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的形成。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的加劇，各國(guó)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)分工逐步細(xì)化，跨區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)融合不斷升級(jí)，制造與服務(wù)融合型企業(yè)迅速增加，服務(wù)型制造成為全球制造業(yè)發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)前全球制造業(yè)的服務(wù)化呈現(xiàn)出3種態(tài)勢(shì)。一是制造業(yè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值鏈逐步由以產(chǎn)品為中心向以提供服務(wù)為中心轉(zhuǎn)變。越來(lái)越多的制造企業(yè)不再僅僅關(guān)注產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，而是將注意力逐步轉(zhuǎn)移到產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)、改進(jìn)、銷售、售后服務(wù)以及回收等領(lǐng)域。企業(yè)不再僅僅提供產(chǎn)品，而是以提供產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、支持、自我服務(wù)和知識(shí)的“集合體”為最終目標(biāo)。生產(chǎn)企業(yè)加速?gòu)纳a(chǎn)型制造向服務(wù)型制造轉(zhuǎn)變。這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程大致經(jīng)歷以下3個(gè)階段：第一階段是以制造業(yè)為中心的工業(yè)化時(shí)代，此時(shí)制造與服務(wù)相互獨(dú)立，生產(chǎn)型服務(wù)只是企業(yè)的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)；第二階段是以制造業(yè)為主伴有服務(wù)業(yè)的后工業(yè)化時(shí)代，此時(shí)制造與服務(wù)共生互動(dòng)，生產(chǎn)型服務(wù)逐漸市場(chǎng)化；第三階段是服務(wù)業(yè)為主伴有制造業(yè)的服務(wù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，此時(shí)制造與服務(wù)漸次融合。據(jù)德勤公司研究報(bào)告《基于全球服務(wù)業(yè)和零件管理調(diào)研》表明，在其調(diào)查的80家制造業(yè)公司中，服務(wù)收入占總銷售收入的平均值超過(guò)25%；有19%的制造業(yè)公司的服務(wù)收入超過(guò)總收入的50%。二是制造企業(yè)提供的服務(wù)類型逐步多元化。根據(jù)對(duì)全球上市公司財(cái)務(wù)分析庫(kù)(OSIRIS)中排名前50位的制造業(yè)企業(yè)的分析，可以將其提供的服務(wù)類型分為以下12種：1.咨詢服務(wù)；2.設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)服務(wù)；3.金融服務(wù)；4.安裝和實(shí)施服務(wù)；5.租賃服務(wù)；6.維護(hù)和支持服務(wù)；7.外包服務(wù)和運(yùn)營(yíng)服務(wù)；8.采購(gòu)服務(wù)；9.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和房地產(chǎn)；10.零售和分銷服務(wù)；11.系統(tǒng)和解決方案；12.客運(yùn)和貨運(yùn)服務(wù)。其中，最常見(jiàn)的服務(wù)產(chǎn)品包括設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)(21.92%)、系統(tǒng)和解決方案(15.70%)、零售和分銷(12.18%)以及維護(hù)和支持(11.94%)服務(wù)。三是制造業(yè)服務(wù)化的水平與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展程度呈正向相關(guān)。調(diào)查公司AndyNeely對(duì)全球13000家制造業(yè)上市公司提供的服務(wù)進(jìn)行了研究，結(jié)果表明，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家制造業(yè)服務(wù)化的水平明顯高于正處在工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中的國(guó)家。美國(guó)制造與服務(wù)融合型的企業(yè)占制造企業(yè)總數(shù)的58%，芬蘭的這一比值為51%、馬來(lái)西亞是45%、荷蘭是40%、比利時(shí)是37%。中國(guó)制造業(yè)的服務(wù)化進(jìn)程相對(duì)落后，具備服務(wù)型制造能力的企業(yè)僅占所有企業(yè)的2.2%。這是中國(guó)制造業(yè)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期處于價(jià)值鏈低端的重要原因。推進(jìn)我國(guó)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化的幾點(diǎn)思考服務(wù)化是制造業(yè)發(fā)展的基本趨勢(shì)，推進(jìn)中國(guó)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化發(fā)展是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)工業(yè)由大到強(qiáng)的突破口，是加快信息化與工業(yè)化融合的重要內(nèi)容，是建立現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的必由之路，對(duì)我國(guó)制造業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。當(dāng)前，要加快推進(jìn)我國(guó)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化進(jìn)程。一是樹(shù)立制造與服務(wù)融合的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展觀。工業(yè)化是人類社會(huì)由于貨物和服務(wù)的商業(yè)性生產(chǎn)而引發(fā)的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的歷史過(guò)程，隨著科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展，工業(yè)化的內(nèi)涵也在不斷地發(fā)生變化。在信息化背景下，制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)之間的傳統(tǒng)界限正在快速消失，傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)意味著有形產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，但今天的消費(fèi)者需要的則是將有形物和無(wú)形服務(wù)捆綁在一起的產(chǎn)品，要找到一種既不含服務(wù)活動(dòng)也沒(méi)有植入任何服務(wù)關(guān)系的制成品已非常困難，制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)的概念在某種程度上正妨礙著我們正確理解當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)演進(jìn)的趨勢(shì)。在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)下，中國(guó)新型工業(yè)化道路的實(shí)踐需要人們樹(shù)立制造與服務(wù)的融合發(fā)展觀。新型工業(yè)化道路不僅僅是工業(yè)的發(fā)展道路，新型工業(yè)化道路也不僅僅是產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的道路。在制造業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)融合的大背景下，對(duì)于制造業(yè)發(fā)展的問(wèn)題的判斷、趨勢(shì)的分析、規(guī)律的把握，以及政策的出臺(tái)、規(guī)劃的制定，需要從產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的角度出發(fā)，全面系統(tǒng)地分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題。二是把制造業(yè)服務(wù)化作為推進(jìn)兩化融合的重要任務(wù)。信息化是制造業(yè)發(fā)展的重要方向，是推進(jìn)生產(chǎn)型制造向服務(wù)型制造轉(zhuǎn)變的重要手段，也是兩化融合的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。工業(yè)和信息化部成立后明確指出，信息化具有覆蓋面廣、滲透性強(qiáng)、帶動(dòng)效應(yīng)明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，要從實(shí)際出發(fā)，找到制造業(yè)信息化的切入點(diǎn)。當(dāng)前，制造業(yè)仍是全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)之一，制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈不斷擴(kuò)展和延長(zhǎng)，產(chǎn)品愈來(lái)愈融生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)于一體，制造和服務(wù)之間的界限越來(lái)越模糊，以產(chǎn)品制造為核心的傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展模式向基于產(chǎn)品提供綜合全面的服務(wù)模式轉(zhuǎn)變，并形成了服務(wù)型制造這一新的制造方式。在這一進(jìn)程中，信息化發(fā)揮著重要的推動(dòng)作用，信息技術(shù)與制造環(huán)節(jié)的融合日益深化，呈現(xiàn)出設(shè)計(jì)信息化、裝備智能化、流程自動(dòng)化、管理現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，以及產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、客戶定制、集成制造、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、供應(yīng)鏈管理、質(zhì)量管理、測(cè)試認(rèn)證、金融服務(wù)等方面的服務(wù)活動(dòng)。制造業(yè)信息化的過(guò)程也是向服務(wù)型制造轉(zhuǎn)型的過(guò)程，只有把握這一發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，才能尋求到制造業(yè)信息化的突破口。三是把推進(jìn)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化作為重大專項(xiàng)的重要內(nèi)容。面對(duì)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化的趨勢(shì)，包括發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在內(nèi)的許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)加快組織推進(jìn)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化工程。美國(guó)將制造服務(wù)化稱為基于服務(wù)的制造(Service-basedmanufacturing)，從2002年開(kāi)始，美國(guó)國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金把針對(duì)服務(wù)工程的ESS項(xiàng)目(exploratoryresearchonengineeringtheservicesectors)作為重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，歐盟在第六框架(Frame-6)中把從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)化環(huán)境下的協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與制造研究作為重點(diǎn)業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行研究。日本將制造業(yè)服務(wù)化稱為服務(wù)導(dǎo)向型制造SOM(Service-orientedmanu-facturing)，并開(kāi)始資助相關(guān)智能制造系統(tǒng)方面的研究。面對(duì)全球制造業(yè)發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)，我國(guó)需要在國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科技規(guī)劃和制造業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，把推進(jìn)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化作為一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容全面部署。Aservice-orientedmanufacturing:theonlywayfortheriseofmanufacturingThedevelopmentofindustrialization,isaprocessofmanufacturingriseandexpansion.Manufacturingisthematerialfoundationofthenationaleconomyandindustrythemainbody,istosupportacountryfromanagriculturalsocietytoindustrialsocietytransformationstrategicindustries.Atpresent,thedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryispresentaseriesofnewcharacteristicsandtrends,particularlyintheapplicationofinformationtechnologyunderthebackgroundofincreasinglyextensiveandin-depth,globalmanufacturingisfrom"madeinproduction"to"service-orientedmanufacturing".Chinaacceleratetheinformatizationandindustrializationfusion,thefusionisthebasisofindustrialconvergence,industryintegrationisthekeytotheriseofmanufacturing,themanufacturingoftheriseofmarksfrom"madeinproduction"to"service-orientedmanufacturing".Aservice-orientedmanufacturingbecomethenewtrendofdevelopmentoftheglobalmanufacturingShiftfromproduction-orientedmanufacturingtoservice-orientedmanufacturingisabasictrendofcurrentmanufacturingindustrydevelopment.Itsperformanceinmicrolevelfromproduction-orientedenterprisestoservice-orientedbusinesses,fortheenterpriseatthemediumleveloftransitionfrommanufacturingtoservicescity,atthemacrolevelistheformofaserviceeconomy.Withtheeconomicglobalizationintensifies,themanufacturingindustrydivisionoflaborgraduallythinning,cross-regionalindustrialconvergenceofescalating,manufacturingandserviceenterprisesincreasedrapidly,aservice-orientedmanufacturingbecomeanewtrendinthedevelopmentofglobalmanufacturing.Thecurrentglobalmanufacturingvalue-chainpresentsthreekindsofsituation.Itisamanufacturingenterpriseoftheindustryvaluechainbycenteringontheproductsasthecentertoprovideservices.Moreandmoremanufacturingenterprisesisnolongerjustfocusontheproduction,butthefocusgraduallyshiftedtoproductdevelopment,improvement,sales,after-salesserviceandrecycling,andotherfields.Companiesnotonlyprovideproducts,buttoprovideproducts,services,support,selfserviceandthe"collection"astheultimategoalofknowledge.Productionenterprisestoacceleratethetransitionfromproductionmanufacturetoaservice-oriented.Intheprocessofthetransformationofthefollowingthreestages:thefirststageisbasedonmanufacturingcenteroftheeraofindustrialization,themanufacturingandservicesareindependentofeachother,production-orientedserviceisenterprise'sinternalactivity;Thesecondphaseismainlymanufacturingserviceswiththepost-industrialera,themanufacturingandservicethesymbioticinteraction,production-orientedservicemarketgradually;Thethirdstageistheserviceindustryisgivenprioritytowithmanufacturingserviceeconomyera,themanufacturingandservicegraduallymerge.Accordingtodeloitteresearchreport"basedontheglobalservicesandpartsmanagementresearch"showsthatinthesurveyof80manufacturingcompanies,serviceincomeaveragemorethan25%oftotalsalesrevenue;19%ofthemanufacturingcompany'sservicerevenuemorethan50%ofthetotal.Thesecondistoprovideservicetypegraduallydiversifiedmanufacturingenterprises.Accordingtotheglobalfinancialanalysislibrary(OSIRIS)oflistedcompaniesintheanalysisofthetop50manufacturingenterprises,theservicesitprovidestypescanbedividedintothefollowing12:1.Consultingservices;2.Designanddevelopmentservices;3.Financialservices;4.Installationandimplementationservices;5.Leasingservices;6.Maintenanceandsupportservices;7.Outsourcingservicesandoperationalservices;Purchasingservices;8.9.Theintellectualpropertyrightsandproperty;Retailanddistributionservices;10.11.Thesystemsandsolutions;12.Passengerandfreightservices.Amongthem,themostcommonservicesincludingproductdesignanddevelopment(21.92%),systemsandsolutions(15.70%),retailanddistribution(12.18%)aswellasthemaintenanceandsupportservices(11.94%).Threeisthelevelofserviceandmanufacturingareawaspositivelyrelatedtoeconomicdevelopmentlevel.ResearchfirmAndyNeelyservicesprovidedbytheglobal13000manufacturinglistedcompanieswasstudied,resultsshowthatthelevelofmanufacturingservicewasobviouslyhigherthanthatofdevelopedcountriesareintheprocessofindustrializationofthecountry.TheblendingofU.S.manufacturingandservicescompaniesaccountedfor58%ofthetotalnumberofmanufacturingenterprises,aFinnishtheratioof51%,Malaysiais45%,theNetherlandsis40%,Belgiumis37%.ProcessofserviceofChina'smanufacturingindustryisrelativelybackward,withaservice-orientedmanufacturingcapabilitiesofenterprisesaccountedforonly2.2%ofallenterprises.ThisisChina'simportantreasonforthevaluechainoflow-endmanufacturingdevelopmentareinalongtime.SomethoughtsonChina'smanufacturingindustryasaserviceServiceisthebasictrendofmanufacturingindustrydevelopment,promotethedevelopmentofChina'smanufacturingserviceistorealizethebreakthroughforthedevelopmentofourcountryindustryfromlargetostrong,istoacceleratetheimportantcontentofinformatizationandindustrializationfusion,istheonlywaytoestablishmodernindustrialsystem,thedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryofourcountryhasimportantpracticalsignificance.Atpresent,toacceleratetheprocessofserviceindustryinourcountry.Oneistosetupmanufacturingandserviceintegrationofindustrydevelopment.Industrializationisthehumansocietyduetothecommercialproductionofgoodsandservicesasaresultofthehistoricalprocessofsocialtransformation,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theconnotationofindustrializationisinconstantchange.Underthebackgroundofinformatization,thetraditionalboundariesbetweenmanufacturingandservicesisrapidlydisappearing,thetraditionalmanufacturingmeansatangibleproducts,buttoday'sconsumersdemandarethetangibleandintangibleservicesbundledtogetherintheproduct,tofindakindofbothneithercontainnorserviceactivitiesintoanyserviceofmanufacturedgoodsisverydifficult,theconceptofmanufacturingandservicesectorstosomeextentarehinderingourcorrectunderstandingofthetrendofthecontemporaryeconomicevolution.Underthetrendofindustrydevelopment,thepracticeofChina'snewindustrializationroadneedpeopletosetupmanufacturingandservicedevelopment.Anewroadtoindustrializationisnotonlyindustrialdevelopmentpath,anewroadtoindustrializationdevelopmentpathisnotmerelyaindustry.Inthebackdropofthemanufacturingandservicesintegration,forthedevelopmentofthemanufacturingproblemofjudge,trendanalysis,grasptherules,aswellastheestablishmentofpolicy,planning,fromtheperspectiveofindustrialconvergence,comprehensivelysystematicallytoanalyzeandsolvebinationofservice.ThesecondisthemanufacturingindustryasanimportanttaskofpromotingtwoInformationizationistheimportantdirectionofmanufacturingindustry,isanimportantmeansofproductionmanufacturingtoservice-orientedmanufacturingshift,andcombinationofstrategicfocus.Clearafterfoundingtheministryofindustryandinformationtechnology,theinformationizationhaswidecoverage,strongpermeability,drivingeffectsobviousadvantages,fromsetoutactually,findthebreakthroughpointofthemanufacturinginformatization.Atpresent,themanufacturingindustryisstilloneofthestrategicfocusofglobalcompetition,manufacturingexpandedandextendedvaluechain,theproductbecomesmoreandmoreofunityofproductionandservice,hasbecomeincreasinglyblurredtheboundariesbetweenmanufacturingandservices,productmanufacturingasthecoreoftraditionaldevelopmentmodechangetoprovidecomprehensiveservicestobasedonproductmodel,andformedaservice-orientedmanufacturinganewwayofmanufacture.Inthisprocess,informationplaysanimportantrole,informationtechnologyandmanufacturingintegrationdeepening,presentsthedesigninformation,intelligentequipment,processautomation,thedevelopmenttrendofmanagementmodernization,aswellasproductdesign,customized,integratedmanufacturing,marketing,supplychainmanagement,qualitymanagement,testing,certificationservices,financialservices,etc.Theprocessofmanufacturinginformatizationistransformingtoaservice-orientedmanufacturingprocess,onlygraspthedevelopmenttrend,canseektobreakthroughforthedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryinformatization.Threeistoputtheadvancemanufacturingserviceastheimportantcontentofmajorprojects.Facingthetrendofmanufacturingindustryasaservice,includingdevelopedcountries,manycountriesandregionstospeeduptheserviceorganizationtopromotemanufacturingengineering.TheUnitedStateswillmanufactureServicecalledbasedonService(Service-basedmanufacturing),beginningin2002,thenationalnaturalsciencefoundationofESSforServiceengineeringproject(exploratoryresearchonengineeringtheservicesectors)askeyareas,theEuropeanUnioninthesixthFrame(Frame-6)engagedinthestudyofnetworkedenvironmentofcollaborativedesignandmanufacturingbusinessasthekeyforresearch.JapanwillmanufacturingServicecalledServiceorientedmanufacturingSOM(Service-orientedmanu-facturing),andstartedfundingtherelatedresearchonintelligentmanufacturingsystem.Facingthenewtrendinthedevelopmentofglobalmanufacturing,thecountryneedsinthenationalmediumandlong-termscienceandtechnologydevelopmentplanningandmanufacturingprocess,topromotemanufacturingindustryasanimportantcontentofservicecomprehensivedeployment.車間主任崗位職責(zé)說(shuō)明：車間主任是生產(chǎn)車間的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)車間進(jìn)行全面管理。車間主任對(duì)生產(chǎn)廠長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)。具體崗位職責(zé)一、在公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下全面負(fù)責(zé)車間之生產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量、技術(shù)、設(shè)備、安全等各項(xiàng)工作，努力提高管理水平，提高生產(chǎn)效益，全面保質(zhì)保量完成上級(jí)下達(dá)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)和任務(wù)。二、貫徹、執(zhí)行公司的成本控制目標(biāo)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)車間原材料使用的控制，確保在提高產(chǎn)量、保證質(zhì)量的前提下不斷降低生產(chǎn)成本。三、根據(jù)生產(chǎn)部下達(dá)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，組織車間生產(chǎn)，協(xié)調(diào)各生產(chǎn)工序，掌握生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度，保證均衡生產(chǎn)和生產(chǎn)任務(wù)之完成。四、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行安全、文明生產(chǎn)管理，教育工人遵守勞動(dòng)、工藝紀(jì)律和操作規(guī)程，按圖樣、按工藝、按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)真操作。五、根據(jù)公司對(duì)車間發(fā)展的規(guī)劃擬定人員編制，并報(bào)公司批準(zhǔn)；培訓(xùn)員工，帶好隊(duì)伍，積極深入了解員工的思想動(dòng)態(tài)，采取合理的措施確保車間的人員和生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定。六、根據(jù)企業(yè)對(duì)設(shè)備管理之要求，切實(shí)抓好設(shè)備維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作，定期組織保養(yǎng)檢查。七、督促工人自覺(jué)遵守計(jì)量器具之保管、送檢等有關(guān)規(guī)定，正確的使用工具和量具，做到文明生產(chǎn)。.認(rèn)真協(xié)同有關(guān)部門做好質(zhì)量控制之管制工作，經(jīng)常檢查有關(guān)“質(zhì)量控制制程”的實(shí)施情況。九、積極協(xié)助辦公室做好員工質(zhì)量教育和技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，不斷提高職工之素質(zhì)。十、支持質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)工作，及時(shí)組織分析解決質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)重大的設(shè)備、技術(shù)、質(zhì)量等問(wèn)題要及時(shí)上報(bào)。一旦發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，車間主任必須挺身而出，擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任，動(dòng)用各種資源，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織員工戰(zhàn)勝困難，并隨時(shí)向公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)匯報(bào)事件處理進(jìn)展情況，對(duì)于無(wú)法處理的事件要及時(shí)請(qǐng)示。十一、對(duì)員工出勤、紀(jì)律、工作效率、責(zé)任心等負(fù)責(zé)；并負(fù)責(zé)檢查工藝紀(jì)律執(zhí)行情況；十二、擬定車間管理制度，經(jīng)公司批準(zhǔn)后在車間推廣實(shí)施；按照公司制度和車間管理制度配合廠長(zhǎng)對(duì)車間員工進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、懲罰。十三、在本車間現(xiàn)有條件下，充分科學(xué)合理地規(guī)劃生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，使生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)井然有序、道路暢通、安全文明生產(chǎn)。十四、提前做好上班準(zhǔn)備工作，下班后監(jiān)督值日員工搞好車間環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、設(shè)備保養(yǎng)、安全等檢查工作。十五、保證本車間的一切生產(chǎn)行為完全按照生產(chǎn)管理文件規(guī)定進(jìn)行。十六、根據(jù)生產(chǎn)部門下達(dá)的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，負(fù)責(zé)組織編制車間生產(chǎn)作業(yè)計(jì)劃指令單，并保證計(jì)劃按期保質(zhì)保量地完成生產(chǎn)任務(wù)。十七、負(fù)責(zé)本車間各個(gè)崗位人員的合理調(diào)配以保證生產(chǎn)的正常進(jìn)行。十八、配合公司其他部門開(kāi)展工作，主動(dòng)做好橫向溝通。十九、負(fù)責(zé)車間內(nèi)的團(tuán)結(jié)互助和部門間的協(xié)調(diào)配合工作。二十、負(fù)責(zé)組織本車間有關(guān)人員研究解決生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中存在的工藝技術(shù)和質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，主持召開(kāi)每周生產(chǎn)作業(yè)例會(huì)，安排布置車間生產(chǎn)。二十一、負(fù)責(zé)建立首檢自檢制度，對(duì)生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。二十二、一個(gè)批號(hào)完成后負(fù)責(zé)復(fù)核本車間所有的記錄及表式。二十三、檢查廠房和維護(hù)設(shè)備，制止不符合文件要求的生產(chǎn)行為，并立即報(bào)告企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人和通知有關(guān)部門。二十四、負(fù)責(zé)本車間安全管理，認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行安全生產(chǎn)管理制度，保障車間生產(chǎn)安全。二十五、負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)本車間人員的檢查、監(jiān)督和考核。按每月考核結(jié)果了解員工能力二十六、對(duì)違反本車間有關(guān)規(guī)定的員工有自行處理權(quán)，對(duì)嚴(yán)重違反廠規(guī)廠紀(jì)的員工有處理建議權(quán)。車間主任的工作任務(wù)和職責(zé)具體任務(wù):1、計(jì)劃安排工廠車間的生產(chǎn)任務(wù)，監(jiān)督各組長(zhǎng)合理安排生產(chǎn)，明確產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量要求和執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，要認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)前會(huì)的重要性，不能光注重在形式上，要把產(chǎn)前會(huì)上的內(nèi)容切切實(shí)實(shí)地落實(shí)到生產(chǎn)中去。2、根據(jù)車間的生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，主動(dòng)提前了解各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作（原材料、工藝、設(shè)備、倉(cāng)庫(kù)、等）的情況，確保車間生產(chǎn)時(shí)流水的暢通。3、隨時(shí)跟蹤車間的生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度，每天必須要有詳細(xì)的生產(chǎn)報(bào)表交生產(chǎn)部（生產(chǎn)任務(wù)記錄卡）。4、及時(shí)解決車間生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，要做到問(wèn)題早發(fā)現(xiàn)早解決，杜絕因把問(wèn)題懸著而造成成品大批量的返工，針對(duì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題事后要主動(dòng)組織相關(guān)人員開(kāi)會(huì)分析，吸取教訓(xùn)，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。5、要協(xié)調(diào)車間與各部門之間的工作，互相配合，協(xié)商解決存在的問(wèn)題。6、審核車間流水工序的合理性，協(xié)助廠長(zhǎng)及人資行政部做好車間的各項(xiàng)考核和組織員工的培訓(xùn)工作。7、每天召開(kāi)晨會(huì)，定期組織召開(kāi)生產(chǎn)會(huì)議。責(zé)任簡(jiǎn)列：1、對(duì)公司各項(xiàng)制度在車間得以實(shí)施負(fù)責(zé)。2、對(duì)車間的生產(chǎn)任務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)。3、對(duì)車間生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)負(fù)責(zé)。4、對(duì)車間流水生產(chǎn)是否暢通負(fù)責(zé)。5、對(duì)車間的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備保養(yǎng)和各區(qū)域的衛(wèi)生安全負(fù)責(zé)。6、對(duì)車間員工的穩(wěn)定負(fù)責(zé)。7、對(duì)車間的生產(chǎn)次序和和諧的工作環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)。附：英文資料翻譯圖像的邊緣檢測(cè)ToimageedgeexaminationalgorithmresearchacademicreportAbstractDigitalimageprocessingtookarelativequiteyoungdiscipline,isfollowingthecomputertechnologyrapiddevelopment,daybydayobtainsthewidespreadapplication.Theedgetooktheimageonekindofbasiccharacteristic,inthepatternrecognition,theimagedivision,theimageintensificationaswellastheimagecompressionandsooninthedomainhasamorewidespreadapplication.Imageedgedetectionmethodmanyandvaried,inwhichbasedonbrightnessalgorithm,isstudiesthetimetobemostlong,thetheorydevelopsthematurestmethod,itmainlyisthroughsomedifferenceoperator,calculatesitsgradientbasedonimagebrightnessthechange,thusexaminestheedge,mainlyhasRobert,Laplacian,Sobel,Canny,operatorsandsoonLOG.Firstasawholeintroduceddigitalimageprocessingandtheedgedetectionsurvey,hasenumeratedseveralkindofatpresentcommonlyusededgedetectiontechnologyandthealgorithm,andselectstwokindstouseVisualtheClanguageprogrammingrealization,throughwithdrawstheimageresulttotwoalgorithmsthecomparison,theresearchdiscussestheirgoodandbadpoints.對(duì)圖像邊緣檢測(cè)算法的研究學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告摘要數(shù)字圖像處理作為一門相對(duì)比較年輕的學(xué)科,伴隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,日益得到廣泛的應(yīng)用.邊緣作為圖像的一種基本特征,在圖像識(shí)別,圖像分割,圖像增強(qiáng)以及圖像壓縮等的領(lǐng)域中有較為廣泛的應(yīng)用.圖像邊緣提取的手段多種多樣,其中基于亮度的算法,是研究時(shí)間最久,理論發(fā)展最成熟的方法,它主要是通過(guò)一些差分算子,由圖像的亮度計(jì)算其梯度的變化,從而檢測(cè)出邊緣,主要有Robert,Laplacian,Sobel,Canny,LOG等算子.首先從總體上介紹了數(shù)字圖像處理及邊緣提取的概況,列舉了幾種目前常用的邊緣提取技術(shù)和算法,并選取其中兩種使用VisualC++語(yǔ)言編程實(shí)現(xiàn),通過(guò)對(duì)兩種算法所提取圖像結(jié)果的比較,研究探討它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn).Firstchapterintroduction§1.1imageedgeexaminationintroductionTheimageedgeisoneofimagemostbasiccharacteristics,ofteniscarryingimagemajorityofinformations.Buttheedgeexistsintheimageirregularstructureandinnotthesteadyphenomenon,alsonamelyexistsinthesignalpointofdiscontinuityplace,thesespotshavegiventheimageoutlineposition,theseoutlinesarefrequentlywewhentheimageryprocessingneedstheextremelyimportantsomerepresentativecondition,thisneedsustoexamineandtowithdrawitsedgetoanimage.Buttheedgeexaminationalgorithmisintheimageryprocessingquestiononeofclassicaltechnicaldifficultproblems,itssolutioncarriesonthehighlevelregardingusthecharacteristicdescription,therecognitionandtheunderstandingandsoonhasthesignificantinfluence;Alsobecausetheedgeexaminationallhasinmanyaspectstheextremelyimportantusevalue,thereforehowthepeoplearedevotingcontinuouslyinstudyandsolvethestructuretoleavehavethegoodnatureandthegoodeffectedgeexaminationoperatorquestion.Intheusualsituation,wemaythesignalinsingularpointandthepointofdiscontinuitythoughtisintheimageperipheralpoint,itsnearbygradationchangesituationmayreflectfromitsneighboringpictureelementgradationdistributiongradient.Accordingtothischaracteristic,weproposedmanykindsofedgeexaminationoperator:IfRobertoperator,Sobeloperator,Prewittoperator,Laplaceoperatorandsoon.Thesemethodsmanyarewaitfortheprocessingpictureelementtocarryonthegradationanalysisforthecentralneighborhoodachievementthefoundation,realizedandhasalreadyobtainedthegoodprocessingeffecttotheimageedgeextraction..Butthiskindofmethodsimultaneouslyalsoexistshastheedgepictureelementwidth,thenoisejammingisseriousandsoontheshortcomings,evenifusessomeauxiliarymethodstoperformthedenoising,alsocorrespondingcanbringtheflawwhichtheedgefuzzyandsoonovercomeswithdifficulty.Alongwiththewaveletanalysisappearance,itsgoodtimefrequencypartialcharacteristicbythewidespreadapplicationintheimageryprocessingandinthepatternrecognitiondomain,becomesinthesignalprocessingthecommonlyusedmethodandthepowerfultool.Throughthewaveletanalysis,mayinterweavedecomposesinthesameplaceeachkindofcompositesignalthedifferentfrequencytheblocksignal,butcarriesontheedgeexaminationthroughthewavelettransformation,mayuseitsmulti-criteriaandthemulti-resolutionnaturefully,realeffectiveexpressestheimagetheedgecharacteristic.Whenthewavelettransformationcriterionreduces,ismoresensitivetotheimagedetail;Butwhenthecriterionincreases,theimagedetailisfilteredout,theexaminationedgewillbeonlythethickoutline.Thischaracteristicisextremelyusefulinthepatternrecognition,wemaybecalledthisthickoutlinetheimagethemainedge.Ifwillbeableanimagemainedgeclearintegrityextraction,thistothegoaldivision,therecognitionandsoonfollowingprocessingtobringtheenormousconvenience.Generallyspeaking,theabovemethodallistheworkwhichdoesbasedontheimageluminanceinformation.Inthemultitudinousscientificresearchworkerunder,hasobtainedtheverygoodeffectdiligently.But,becausetheimageedgereceivesphysicalconditionandsoontheilluminationinfluencesquitetobebigabove,oftenenablesmanytohaveacommonshortcomingbasedonbrightnessedgedetectionmethod,thatistheedgeisnotcontinual,doesnotsealup.Consideredthephaseinformationintheimageimportanceaswellasitsstablecharacteristic,causesusingthephaseinformationtocarryontheimageryprocessingintonewresearchtopic.Inthispapersoonintroducesonekindbasedonthephaseimagecharacteristicexaminationmethod--phaseuniformmethod.Itisnotusestheimagetheluminanceinformation,butisitsphasecharacteristic,namelysuppositionimageFouriercomponentphasemostconsistentspotachievementcharacteristicpoint.Notonlyitcanexaminebrightnesscharacteristicsandsoonstepcharacteristic,linecharacteristic,moreovercanexamineMachbeltphenomenonwhichproducesasaresultofthehumanvisionsensationcharacteristic.Becausethephaseuniformitydoesnotneedtocarryonanysuppositiontotheimagecharacteristictype,thereforeithastheverystrongversatility.第一章緒論§1.1圖像邊緣檢測(cè)概論圖像邊緣是圖像最基本的特征之一,往往攜帶著一幅圖像的大部分信息.而邊緣存在于圖像的不規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)和不平穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象中,也即存在于信號(hào)的突變點(diǎn)處,這些點(diǎn)給出了圖像輪廓的位置,這些輪廓常常是我們?cè)趫D像處理時(shí)所需要的非常重要的一些特征條件,這就需要我們對(duì)一幅圖像檢測(cè)并提取出它的邊緣.而邊緣檢測(cè)算法則是圖像處理問(wèn)題中經(jīng)典技術(shù)難題之一,它的解決對(duì)于我們進(jìn)行高層次的特征描述,識(shí)別和理解等有著重大的影響;又由于邊緣檢測(cè)在許多方面都有著非常重要的使用價(jià)值,所以人們一直在致力于研究和解決如何構(gòu)造出具有良好性質(zhì)及好的效果的邊緣檢測(cè)算子的問(wèn)題.在通常情況下,我們可以將信號(hào)中的奇異點(diǎn)和突變點(diǎn)認(rèn)為是圖像中的邊緣點(diǎn),其附近灰度的變化情況可從它相鄰像素灰度分布的梯度來(lái)反映.根據(jù)這一特點(diǎn),我們提出了多種邊緣檢測(cè)算子:如Robert算子,Sobel算子,Prewitt算子,Laplace算子等.這些方法多是以待處理像素為中心的鄰域作為進(jìn)行灰度分析的基礎(chǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖像邊緣的提取并已經(jīng)取得了較好的處理效果.但這類方法同時(shí)也存在有邊緣像素寬,噪聲干擾較嚴(yán)重等缺點(diǎn),即使采用一些輔助的方法加以去噪,也相應(yīng)的會(huì)帶來(lái)邊緣模糊等難以克服的缺陷.隨著小波分析的出現(xiàn),其良好的時(shí)頻局部特性被廣泛的應(yīng)用在圖像處理和模式識(shí)別領(lǐng)域中,成為信號(hào)處理中常用的手段和有力的工具.通過(guò)小波分析,可以將交織在一起的各種混合信號(hào)分解成不同頻率的塊信號(hào),而通過(guò)小波變換進(jìn)行邊緣檢測(cè),可以充分利用其多尺度和多分辨率的性質(zhì),真實(shí)有效的表達(dá)圖像的邊緣特征.當(dāng)小波變換的尺度減小時(shí),對(duì)圖像的細(xì)節(jié)更加敏感;而當(dāng)尺度增大時(shí),圖像的細(xì)節(jié)將被濾掉,檢測(cè)的邊緣只是粗輪廓.該特性在模式識(shí)別中非常有用,我們可以將此粗輪廓稱為圖像的主要邊緣.如果能將一個(gè)圖像的主要邊緣清晰完整的提取出來(lái),這將對(duì)目標(biāo)分割,識(shí)別等后續(xù)處理帶來(lái)極大的便利.總的說(shuō)來(lái),以上方法都是基于圖像的亮度信息來(lái)作的工作.在眾多科研工作者的努力下,取得了很好的效果.但是,由于圖像邊緣受到光照等物理?xiàng)l件的影響比較大,往往使得以上諸多基于亮度的邊緣提取方法有著一個(gè)共同的缺點(diǎn),那就是邊緣不連續(xù),不封閉.考慮到相位信息在圖像中的重要性以及其穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn),使得利用相位信息進(jìn)行圖像處理成為新的研究課題.在本文中即將介紹一種基于相位的圖像特征檢測(cè)方法——相位一致性方法.它并不是利用圖像的亮度信息,而是其相位特點(diǎn),即假設(shè)圖像的傅立葉分量相位最一致的點(diǎn)作為特征點(diǎn).它不但能檢測(cè)到階躍特征,線特征等亮度特征,而且能夠檢測(cè)到由于人類視覺(jué)感知特性而產(chǎn)生的的馬赫帶現(xiàn)象.由于相位一致性不需要對(duì)圖像的特征類型進(jìn)行任何假設(shè),所以它具有很強(qiáng)的通用性.§1.2imageedgedefinitionTheimagemajoritymaininformationallexistsintheimageedge,themainperformancefortheimagepartialcharacteristicdiscontinuity,isintheimagethegradationchangequitefierceplace,alsoisthesignalwhichweusuallysaidhasthestrangechangeplace.Thestrangesignalthegradationchangewhichmovestowardsalongtheedgeisfierce,usuallywedividetheedgeforthestepshapeandtheroofshapetwokindoftypes(asshowninFigure1-1).Inthestepedgetwosidegreylevelshavetheobviouschange;Buttheroofshapeedgeislocatedthegradationincreaseandthereducedintersectionpoint.Mayportraytheperipheralpointinmathematicsusingthegradationderivativethechange,tothestepedge,theroofshapeedgeasksitsstep,thesecondtimederivativeseparately.Toanedge,hasthepossibilitysimultaneouslytohavethestepandthelineedgecharacteristic.Forexampleonasurface,changesfromaplanetothenormaldirectiondifferentanotherplanecanproducethestepedge;Ifthissurfacehastheedgesandcornerswhichtheregularreflectioncharacteristicalsotwoplanesformquitetobesmooth,thenworksaswhenedgesandcornerssmoothsurfacenormalaftermirrorsurfacereflectionangle,asaresultoftheregularreflectioncomponent,canproducethebrightlightstripontheedgesandcornerssmoothsurface,suchedgelookedlikehaslikelysuperimposedalineedgeinthestepedge.Becauseedgepossibleandinsceneobjectimportantcharacteristiccorrespondence,thereforeitistheveryimportantimagecharacteristic.Forinstance,anobjectoutlineusuallyproducesthestepedge,becausetheobjectimageintensityisdifferentwiththebackgroundimageintensity.§1.3paperselectedtopictheorysignificanceThepaperselectedtopicoriginatesinholdstheimportantstatusandthefunctionpracticalapplicationtopicintheimageproject.Theso-calledimageprojectdisciplineisrefersfoundationdisciplineandsoonmathematics,opticsprinciples,thedisciplinewhichintheimageapplicationunifieswhichaccumulatesthetechnicalbackgrounddevelops.Theimageprojectcontentisextremelyrich,andsoondividesintothreelevelsdifferentlyaccordingtotheabstractdegreeandtheresearchtechnique:Imageryprocessing,imageanalysisandimageunderstanding.AsshowninFigure1-2,inthecharttheimagedivisionisinbetweentheimageanalysisandtheimageryprocessing,itsmeaningis,theimagedivisionisfromtheimageryprocessingtotheimageanalysisessentialstep,alsoisfurtherunderstandstheimagethefoundation.Theimagedivisionhastheimportantinfluencetothecharacteristic.Theimagedivisionandbasedonthedivisiongoalexpression,thecharacteristicextractionandtheparametersurveyandsoontransformstheprimitiveimageasamoreabstractmorecompactform,causesthehigh-levelimageanalysisandpossiblyunderstandsinto.Buttheedgeexaminationistheimagedivisioncorecontent,thereforetheedgeexaminationholdstheimportantstatusandthefunctionintheimageproject.Thereforetheedgeexaminationresearchalwaysisintheimageengineeringresearchthehotspotandthefocalpoint,moreoverthepeopleenhanceunceasinglytoitsattentionandtheinvestment.§1.2圖像邊