英漢翻譯技巧

翻譯技巧第一節(jié)否定句式的翻譯Sheisnotadancer.她不是一個舞蹈Sheisnodancer.她算不上個舞蹈家。Itisnotaneasytask.這不是一件容易的事情（客觀評價）Itisnoeasytask.這可不是一件容易的事情。（主觀評價）一、 完全否定e.g.Therearenodenyingfacts.Noneoftheanswersareright.二、 部分否定e.g.Allthatglittersisnotgold.（=Notallthatglittersisgold.)閃光的不都是金子。Nonethatglittersisgold,閃光的都不是金子。Glitter/twinkle/sparkle/flash/shine/brighten/light/lit/blink/glisten/gleam/flame/illuminate/glow/glorifyIdonotwanteverything.Idonotwantanything.三、形式否定1、cannot....too....意思是不可能是過分的，一般翻譯為無論怎樣…都不過分Wecannotestimatethevalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.WecannotbetoocarefulindoingItisadj.+N.+that+否定從句.Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.再聰明的人也會犯錯誤。Itisagoodhorsethatneverstumblesandagoodwifethatnevergrumbles.too..…to..…太。。。而不能。。。。1)Beginnersaretooapttomakemistakesingrammar.2)Shewastooeagertoknowtheresultofherexperiment.not....otherthan….原意是除了。。。就不。。。。Wedonotlikehimotherthanheisnow.我們就喜歡他現(xiàn)在的樣子。Icannotreadthelongletterotherthancursorily.四、含蓄否定。1)Itisafoolishbirdthatfoulsitsownnest.Idesirenothingotherthantobeleftinpeace.ThatismorethanIcando.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.Youngpeoplearetheleastconservative.Suchachancewasdeniedtome.Timeiswhatwewantmost,butwhat,alas,manyuseworst.Wehavereadyourarticle.Weexpectedtomeetanolderman.Ifitworkedonce,itcanworktwice.五、否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)Ihavenotcometoyouformoney.我來不是找你要錢的。Onedoesnotlivetoeat,buteatstolive.IhavenotcometoChinatoforthonwhatdividesusbuttobuildonwhatbindsus.Atnotimecanwegiveuplearning.Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheearthasuniteit.Theoceansdodividetheearthnotsomuchasuniteit.Heisnotmorefondofplayingchessthanyouare.他不比你更愛下棋。六、雙重否定Itneverrainsbutitpours.不下貝U已，下則傾盆。Fightnobattleunprepared.Heistoowickednottomeetabadendsomeday.他太壞了，總有一天會有惡報。練習(xí)1、 Theproblemisabove/beyondme.2、 Thisquestionisfarfrombeingcomplicated.3、 SheisthelastwomanIwantedtositnextto.4、 Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.5、 Don’tbevainbecauseyouaregood-looking.6、 Youshouldnotdespiseamanbecauseheispoor.第二節(jié)比較句式的翻譯一、各種比較格式的替換1、NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.我在國外從來沒有聽過把美國音樂演奏得這樣好的。2、 Thebeaversdoitbygnawingallroundthetrunk,ashighupfromthegroundastheycanreach.河貍伐木的方法是沿著它們所夠得著的最高部位，圍著樹干不停的啃。3、 Nothingismoreimportantthanthesignalsenttothepresident.給總統(tǒng)的信息才是最重要的。二、等比句式1、 Heisas/sokindashissisterishonest.他妹妹誠實，而他善良。AtoBasCistoD./WhatAtoBisCtoD.2、 Youareaswrongaswrongcanbe.你大錯特錯了。3、 Wehopedthingswouldgobetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.我們原以為事態(tài)好轉(zhuǎn)，可事實上卻更糟了。Asitwas,comeasyouare,asyouwere.4、 Thepainterdoesnotcopynatureasitis.畫家并非完全寫實。5、 Youhadbettertakethingsastheyare.你得接受事物的現(xiàn)狀。6、 Iamwiserthantobelieveit.我還不至于傻到相信這種事。［、最高級1、 Thereisnoenemymorefataltoprejudicethanfacts.偏見最致命的敵人莫過于事實了。2、 Fewarebetterqualifiedforthejobthanheis.3、 Therewon’tbeawarmerplacethanhome.4、 Youcouldn’thavecomeatabettertime.你來得正是時候。四、介詞短語1、 Hevalueswealthabovehealth.Heisabove/abouttodothat.2、 Workshouldcomebeforepleasure.3、 Goodadviceisbeyondprice.4、 Shelooksyoungforherage./Shelooksyoungerthansheis.五、擇比句式Betterdonothingthandoapoorjob.IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.Iwouldrather/wouldassoongoboatingasplaytennis.Sleepingismylastthingtodoinweekends.練習(xí)1、Mostpeopleputqualitybeforequantity.2、 Thetotalisunderwhatwasexpected.3、 Nothingissadderthantopartforever.4、 Sheismoreattractivethanclever.5、Itprovedtobenomorethanajoke.6、 Thelionisnomoremercifulthanthetiger.7、 Thelionisnotmoremercifulthanthetiger.8、 Amancannomoreflythanabirdcanspeak.9、 Sunlightisnolessnecessarythanfreshairtoahealthybody.10、 Therewerenolessthanfiftykilledandwounded.Casualties.第三節(jié)、定語從句的翻譯一、限制性定語從句1、處理成前置定語e.g.1.Hethereforeresolvedimmediatelytoacquainthimwiththefactwhichwehaveaboveslightlyhinted.因此，他馬上決定把我們岡剛隱約提到的那件事告訴他。Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinfearofhim.Thisisthescholarwhojustreturnedfromabroad.Thosewhosacrificethemselvesforthepeople’scausearetherealheroesofhistory.2、處理成并列句Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.是他接到那封信，信上說你的叔叔去世了。Ihavestrongopinionswhichwouldn’tsuityou,我有一些堅決的主張，怕對你們不合適。Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholaboredatherdissertationonalittle-known14山centurypoet.維基是一個精力充沛的學(xué)生，她不辭勞苦的撰寫那篇關(guān)于14世紀一位鮮為人知的詩人的學(xué)位論文。二、非限制性定語從句1、 處理成并列句e.g.1.Hesaidthatthiswasagoodsuggestion,whichhewouldlookinto.他說這是個很好的建議，一定要加以研究。Wemakesteampassthroughapipe,roundtheoutsideofwhichcoldwatercirculates,我們使蒸汽通過一根管子，在管子周圍有冷水循環(huán)。2、處理成獨立句e.g.1.Ihopeyoursuccess,whichisaninspirationtome,willcontinue.你的成功對我是個鼓舞，我希望你不斷取得成功。Neverthelesstheproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatcomputationswereaccurate.不過問題還是圓滿的解決了，這說明計算是準確的。HehadtalkedtoVice-president,whoassuredhimthateverythingthatcouldbedonewouldbedone.他和副總統(tǒng)談過話。副總統(tǒng)向他保證，凡是能夠做到的都將竭盡全力去做。三、分述法1、將關(guān)系代詞還原e.g.OnedayMissElizabethwrotealettertoJaneAustin,whowasafamouswomanwriter.有一天，伊麗莎白小姐寫了一封信給簡奧斯丁,奧斯丁是一位著名的女作家。2.AtdinnerIfoundmyselfplacedbetweenMrs.Bradleyandashygirlwhoseemedevenyoungerthantheothers.席間我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的兩旁分別是布萊德利太太和一位靦腆的姑娘。這姑娘看上去比其他人都要年輕。2、簡化或概括先行詞e.g.1.Ireceivedtheimpressionofabrutal,clever,competentmanwho,inbusinessmatters,atallevents,wouldbepitiless.我對這個人的印象是又殘酷又精明能干。這種人在生意上無論如何都是毫不徇情的。2.AuntHarrietlivedinthatleisureagewhenservantswereemployedtodohomework.哈里特姑媽生活在一個悠閑的時代，那時家務(wù)活都可以雇傭人來做。Isabelwasatallgirlwiththeovalface,straightnose,fineeyesandfullmouththatappearedtobecharacteristicofthefamily.伊莎貝爾是個身材高挑、橢圓臉、直鼻梁、眉清目秀、嘴唇豐滿的姑娘。這一切看來都是她家族的特征。練習(xí)：1、 hehadbeentooproudtoacknowledgethetendernesswhichhisheartfelt.2、 ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens.3、 ThepaternallaughwasechoedbyJoseph,whothoughtthejokefunny.4、 Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violet,whichforusisjustdarkness.5、 Infact,manyAmericanswhocouldaffordtohireacookordriverdonotemploythem.6、 Shewearsanexpensivesuitwhichlookedbetteronamodelthanitdoesonher.7、 Anatomisnotasolidsphericalparticle,asitwasoncethoughttobe.

8、 ThisexquisiteharmonybetweennatureandmanexplainsinparttheenchantmentoftheolderBritain,inwhichwholetownsfittedintothelandscape,asiftheywerenomorethanbitsofwoodland.自然與人和諧無比，這正是英國從前的部分魅力所在。當(dāng)時的英國，整個城鎮(zhèn)像片片樹林一樣，巧妙的融入風(fēng)景畫里了。Therebe句型的翻譯1、一般結(jié)構(gòu)1、一般結(jié)構(gòu)therebe+名詞。常處理為有或不譯。Thereisnotanybodyinanabsolutestateofrestintheworld.Thereisonlyhetotakemetothehospital.2、 therebeno+n.+doingthereisnouseingrumbling.Thereisnogoodfrighteningthemnow.Thereisnothinglikeleatherforshoes.Thereisnothinglikewalkingasameansofkeepingfit.Thereisnothingbuttorushtheinjuredtohospital.省略法省略代詞1、1、Allthefellowsgatheredaround,stretchingtheirneckslikegeese.2、 Truthistough.Itwillnotbreaklikeabubbleatatouch;nay,youmaykickitaboutalldaylikeafootball,anditwillberoundandfullatevening.3、 Thesignificanceofamanisnotinwhatheattainsbutratherinwhathelongstoattain.4、 Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatandshelterforusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.從修辭角度考慮的省略Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.Forgeneration,coalandoilhavebeenregardedasthechiefenergysourcetotransportfromplacetoplace.練習(xí)：Hewasnaturallyproudandambitious,buthewashonestandtrue,andalwaysputtheinterestsoffhiscountrymenbeforehisown.Hewhoknowsnotandknowsnotheknowsnot,heisafool——shunhim.（無知且不知其無知者，乃愚昧之人-應(yīng)避之。）hewhoknowsandnotknowsheknows,heisasleep—wakehim.（知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人-應(yīng)喚之。）增譯法句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的Seeingfalselyisworsethanblindnessandspeakingfalselythansilence.（所見不真猶不如盲，所言不實不如緘默）Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.anAmericanofficerslippedonabananaskin.Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.從修辭或意義上的Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.Thecrowdsmeltedaway.hesankdownwithhisfaceinhishands.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions.TheadministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.IstillrememberthenightwhenIcametothevillage.Flowersbloomallovertheyard.Thelionisthekingofanimals.themountainsbeganto

throwtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.轉(zhuǎn)譯法英語名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯e.g.1.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.awarenessbyoftheirbackwardpromotedmeasuresThegrowingawarenessbyoftheirbackwardpromotedmeasuresmillionsofAfricansextremelypoorandlivingconditionshasthemtotakeresoluteandcreatenewones.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemsofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.BritainhasnosuchnaturalprotectionfromafloodofHollywoodproducts.Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthispolicyandfirmlydeterminedtopursueit.Ihavealwayswonderedatthepassionmanypeoplehaveofgoingabroad.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.Exercises:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehere.Thepressureofworkhassomewhatdelayedmyanswer.Modernairplaneshavemadetheworldseemasmallerspace.Fornearlyallsubstancesthedensitygetssmallerasthetemperatureisraised.引申法Manygraduatesconsideredhomesasalastrefugefromgoingtoemployment.Bama,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromNanning.Theseasonscameandwent.Ho