Unit1 Lesson 1 Lifestyles Grammar 動(dòng)詞不定式 課件 -2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)北師大版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

北師大2022高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit1Lesson1LifestylesGrammar:動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式基本結(jié)構(gòu)：to(小品詞)+do(動(dòng)詞原形)特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。句法功能：可在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式做什么成分？1.不定式做主語(yǔ)Toenteragooduniversityisourdream.Enteringagooduniversityisourdream.Doing?Todo?it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有？常見(jiàn)的it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型:(1)It+be+形容詞+for/ofsb+todosth.(2)It+be+a+名詞(pleasure/pity/pleasantthing)...todo(3)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(4)！特殊：“疑問(wèn)詞/whether+不定式”作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)Howtoachieveouraimisoneoftheproblems(that)wearefacing.疑問(wèn)詞：whatwhichwhowhenwherehow例：什么時(shí)候離開仍然正在討論。(Whentoleave)isstillunderdiscussion.主語(yǔ)a)疑問(wèn)詞+todoknowlearndecideexplainadviseshowtellforgetrememberwonder+whatwhichwhowhenwherehow等+todo練：1.Iwanttofigureouthow_________(operate)thismachine.2.Thelittleboyforgotwhen__________(handin)hishomework.tooperatetohandin2.不定式做賓語(yǔ)2.不定式做賓語(yǔ)練：3.Ididn’tknow_______todo.4.Thequestionishow_______(put)themeasureintopractice.5.Hehesitated_________(decide)where______(go).whattoputtodecidetogo2.不定式做賓語(yǔ)b)及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式（做賓語(yǔ)）affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidechoosedemanddetermineexpectfailhappenhesitatelearnmanageofferplanpreparepromiserefuse

tendwait+todo固定搭配練：1.Ihappen______(know)theanswertothequestion.2.Iamdetermined_______(study)hardsothatIcanpasstheexam.3.Ifailed___________(persuade)himtogiveupsmoking.toknowtostudytopersuadec）特殊句型———6123句型主語(yǔ)+find/feel/think/believe/consider/make+it+adj./n.+todo/doingsth./that…it：形式賓語(yǔ)todo:真正的賓語(yǔ)。注doing:

Ifinditnouse/nogood/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth.Ifounditdifficult__________(focus)onmysubjects.tofocusc）特殊句型———6123句型主語(yǔ)+find/feel/think/believe/consider/make+it+adj./n.+todo/doingsth./that…練：1.Theteacherbelievesitnecessary__________(read)Englishloudlyinthemorning.2.Theyoungladyfeltitconvenient________(shop)online.3.Wethinkitunbelievableforyou_______(make)thesamemistake.4.Thewifemadeitarule______(do)someexerciseeveryday.toreadtoshoptomaketodo3.不定式做表語(yǔ)練：1.Mytargetis_______(help)youimproveyourspokenEnglish.2.Mydreamis________(be)adoctor.3.Hisexpectationis__________(go)toafamousuniversity.tohelptobetogo4.不定式做狀語(yǔ)a)表目的：todo/inordertodo/soastodo練：1._____________(recover)fromthebadcold,hefollowedthedoctor’sadvicestrictly.2.Heworkedhard_____________(liveupto)hisparents’expectation.3.Studentsshouldreadvariousbooks_______(broaden)theirhorizon.4.Iamonadiet__________(lose)weight.5.________(change)thelivingconditions,herebuilthishouse.TorecovertoliveuptotobroadentoloseTochangeb)表出乎意料的結(jié)果onlytodo:1.Herushedtothetrainstation,only______(find)thetrainhadleft.2.Hestudiedhard,only_________(find)hehadfailedtopasstheexam.3.Iwenttothebakeryshop,only____(tell)thatthebreadweresoldout.tofindtofindtobetoldtoo…to:Sheistooyoungtocarrythebox.enoughto:Sheisnotoldenoughtocarrythebox.so…that:Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tcarrythebox.c)表原因be+adj.+todo練：1.Theyaresurprised_______(hear)thattheywonthegame.2.Hewashappy______(meet)hisoldfriend.3.Iamglad_______(make)preparationsfortheparty.toheartomeettomake5.不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1-4allowchallenge

considerdrive

tell

encourage

find

forceinvite

order

permit

persuade

sendsupposethink+賓語(yǔ)+todo(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))練：1.Theteacherallowstudents________(have)adiscussionduringtheclass.2.Ipersuadedmyfathernot________(swim)aloneintheriver.3.IinviteTom_________(attend)themeeting.tohavetoswimtoattend5.不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)2-4Imakemydaughterplaythepiano.Mydaughterismadetoplaythepiano(byme).在一感feel，二聽listento;hear，三讓let;make;have，五看see;watch;lookat;notice;observe;等詞后，不定式不加to但是變被動(dòng)，必須帶to不定式的特殊含義/用法3-4forget,remember,regret等

tododoing+動(dòng)作未做動(dòng)作已做練：1.Pleaseremember__________(lock)thedoorwhenyouleave.2.Iremembered________(do)myhomework,sothatIwentouttoplay.3.Iregretted______(do)it,butIhadnochoiceatthattime.4.Iwillnotregret_______(tell)herthetruth.tolockdoingdoingtotell不定式的特殊含義/用法3-4stop/continuetododoing+另一件事同一件事練：1.Thedogstopped________(bark),becausethebabyfellintosleep.2.WhenIheardmombackhome,Istopped______(read)books.3.Afterarest,hecontinues________(read).4.Afterhefinishedreadinganovel,hecontinued________(play)gameswithhisfriends.barkingtoreadreadingtoplay不定式用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)4-4with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)e.g.Maiacametheclassroom,withabookinherhand.Helikessleepingwiththewindowopen/closed.Withtheboyleadingtheway,Ifoundmyhouse.Withthehaircut,helooksmorehandsome.不定式用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)4-4with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)（介短/adj./doing/done/todo）e.g.Maiacametheclassroom,withabookinherhand.Helikessleepingwiththewindowopen/closed.Withtheboyleadingtheway,Ifoundmyhouse.Withthehaircut,helooksmorehandsome.不定式用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)4-4with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)Withmuchhomeworktodo,Ididn’thavelunch.Withmuchhomeworktobedone,Ididn’thavelunch.×

在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，只有withsth.todo，沒(méi)有withsth.tobedone主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：withsth.todo，Englishiseasytolearn.(tobelearnt×）n.+be+adj.+todo（do與n.是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）3.Therebe/have+n.+todo(do與n.是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）Thereisnothingtoworryabout.6.不定式做定語(yǔ)（后置）Theweatherwillkeepwarminthedays________(come).2.Youshouldtakethechance____________(getahead)inyourcareer.tocometogetahead不定式作定語(yǔ)要后置，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。抽象名詞（time,way,courage,

reason,chance,opportunity,ability等)與不定代詞(something,

nothing,

little等)的后面常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。6.不定式做定語(yǔ)（后置）3.Heisalwaysthelastperson______(leave)theclassroom.4.Thereisnothing_______(worry)about.toleave“There

be+主語(yǔ)+todo”和“havesth.todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。中心詞是序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)以及thelast/theonly/thenext,或被這些詞修飾時(shí)。toworryHehopestobeofferedajobtodriveforaboss.這句話，不定式就按照定語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯：“他希望得到一份為老板開車的活兒。”todriveforaboss說(shuō)明了job的具體內(nèi)容，之間存在“同位關(guān)系”。不定式作定語(yǔ)，可以表示多種修飾關(guān)系：以下三句，不定式都是作定語(yǔ)，但被修飾語(yǔ)和不定式之間的關(guān)系卻不盡相同。同位關(guān)系：Reading,Ithink,isthebestwaytolearnEnglish.我認(rèn)為，閱讀是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的最好方法。Whatimpressedmewastheirabilitytodealwithanyproblem.給我留下深刻印象的是他們處理任何問(wèn)題的能力?！巴魂P(guān)系”是指不定式說(shuō)明被修飾詞的內(nèi)容，像way,ability，right（權(quán)力），ambition（雄心），chance（機(jī)會(huì)；可能性），determination（決心，決定），favour（善行，恩惠），honour（榮幸，榮譽(yù)），intention（打算），plan（計(jì)劃）等，經(jīng)常接不定式表示同位關(guān)系。2.主謂關(guān)系：Thisisthekeytoopenthefrontdoor.這是打開前門的鑰匙。Heisthefirstmantodiscoverthesecret.他是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密的人。被修飾詞和不定式存在“主謂關(guān)系”：thekey是openthefrontdoor的邏輯主語(yǔ)。thefirstman是discoverthesecret的邏輯主語(yǔ)。3.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：Johnsaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.約翰有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。Weonlyhaveasmallroomtolivein.我們只有一個(gè)小房間住。不定式和被修飾語(yǔ)存在“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”：animportantmeeting是attend的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。asmallroom是livein的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。含動(dòng)詞不定式固定句型：1.主語(yǔ)+be+adj.(表情感)+todosth.2.too...todosth...3.enough...todosth...4.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth5.Itbetimetodosth.6.Itbeone’sturntodosth.補(bǔ)充：to的省略情況一.跟在表示“除…以外”的不定式中（dosth.but/exceptdosth.)前有do的任何形式時(shí)(do/did/does),必須省略不定式中的toHedidnothingbutwait.Hehadnochoicesbuttowait.一.跟在表示“除…以外”的不定式中（dosth.but/exceptdosth.)前有do的任何形式時(shí)(do/did/does),必須省略不定式中的toHedidnothingbuttowait.Hehadnochoicesbuttowait.二.不定式做表語(yǔ)，不定式中的to要保留。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有do的任何形式時(shí)，to要省略。Myaimistoenteranidealuniversity.TheonlythingthatIcandonowiswait.AllthatIcandonowisstudyhard.WhatIcandonowisstudyhard.二.不定式做表語(yǔ)，不定式中的to要保留。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有do的任何形式時(shí)，to要省略。Myaimistoenteranide