總論、線蟲概論-PPT幻燈片

臨床檢驗寄生蟲學(xué)ClinicalParasitologySECTIONⅠIntroductiontoClinicalParasitology1前言2寄生蟲生物學(xué)3寄生蟲感染與致病4寄生蟲感染與寄生蟲病防治Chapter1prefaceWhatisparasitology（寄生蟲學(xué)）?Whatisclinicalparasitology?湛江市農(nóng)村人體感染蛔、鞭、鉤蟲情況調(diào)查結(jié)果調(diào)查地點調(diào)查人數(shù)感染人數(shù)東海島某村坡頭某村坡頭某村合計57感染率2645.6%813644.4%351234.3%1737442.1%ClinicalParasitologyHumanParasitology(人體寄生蟲學(xué)）LaboratoryDiagnostics(實驗診斷學(xué))TechniquesoflaboratorydiagnosisHumanParasitology(人體寄生蟲學(xué))Definition：Thescienceofstudyinghumanparasite

andtherelationshipstotheirhosts。Contents:HumanParasite(人體寄生蟲):醫(yī)學(xué)原蟲、醫(yī)學(xué)蠕蟲、醫(yī)學(xué)節(jié)肢動物MedicalHelminth(醫(yī)學(xué)蠕蟲)MedicalArthropoda(醫(yī)學(xué)節(jié)肢動物)MedicalProtozoa（醫(yī)學(xué)原蟲)ClinicalparasitologyClinicalparasitologyisasubjectintegratedhumanparasitologyandlaboratorydiagnosis.病原診斷是寄生蟲感染確診依據(jù)！！

Chapter2biologyofparasiteparasitismclassificationofparasiteclassificationofhostlifecycleofparasiteSymbiosis（共生）

:

兩種生物長期或短暫生活在一起的生態(tài)現(xiàn)象

Commensalism（共棲）：oneobtainsbenefits,theotheratleastnotdisadvantageMutualism（互利共生）

:twoorganismsbenefitfromeachotherspresenceParasitism（寄生）

:Parasitism(寄生關(guān)系):兩種生物生活在一起，一方受益，另一方受害。Parasite

在寄生關(guān)系中得益的一方。如果該種生物是動物，則稱之為寄生蟲（parasite）Host(宿主)

在寄生關(guān)系中受害的一方classificationofparasiteobligatoryparasite（專性寄生蟲）facultativeparasite（兼性寄生蟲）endoparasite（體內(nèi)寄生蟲）ectoparasite(體外寄生蟲)accidentalparasite（偶然寄生蟲）opportunisticparasite(機會致病寄生蟲)卡氏肺孢子蟲，隱孢子蟲，弓形蟲classificationofhostdefinitivehost/finalhost（終宿主）

Thehostsinwhichharbourtheadultorsexualstage（成蟲或有性生殖階段）ofparasite。classificationofhostintermediatehost(中間宿主)

Thehostsinwhichharbourthelarvalorasexualstage（幼蟲或無性生殖階段）ofparasiteclassificationofhostreservoirhost（保蟲宿主/儲蓄宿主）

thedefinitivehostisavertebrate(脊椎動物)otherthanhumanwhichharbors/maintainsandtransmitsthepathogens(病原體)ofhumandiseasesclassificationofhostParatenichost/transporthost（轉(zhuǎn)續(xù)宿主

）:

ahostinwhichparasitedoesnotdeveloporreproducebutcontinuestobealiveandbeinfectivetoadefinitivehostLifecycleofparasite在一定環(huán)境條件下，寄生蟲完成一代的生長、發(fā)育和繁殖的整個過程。infectivestage(感染階段)Lifecycleofparasiteinfectivestage(感染階段):能侵入人體并在人體內(nèi)繼續(xù)生存、發(fā)育或繁殖的寄生蟲生活史階段。routeofinfection(感染途徑):Lifecycleofparasitereproduction（繁殖）asexualreproduction(無性生殖)sexualreproduction(有性生殖)alternationofgeneration（世代交替）directlifecycle

(直接型生活史)：need1hostTypesoflifecycle(土源性蠕蟲geohelminth)indirectlifecycle

(間接型)：need2ormorehostsTypesoflifecycle(生物源性蠕蟲biohelminth)definitivehostreservoirhostThefirstintermediatehostThesecondintermediatehostChapter3parasiticinfectionandpathogenesisparasiticinfection(寄生蟲感染):

Establishmentoftheparasiteinitshostparasitehost(human))damageresistanceRelationsofparasiteandhostThedamageofparasitetohumanrobofnutrition(掠奪營養(yǎng))Thedamageofparasitetohumanmechanicaldamage(機械性損傷)Thedamageofparasitetohumantoxicityeffect(毒性損害)allergen(變態(tài)反應(yīng)原)innateimmunity（先天性免疫）acquiredimmunity（獲得性免疫）sterilizingimmunity（消除性免疫）nonsterilizingimmunity（非消除性免疫）premunition(帶蟲免疫)concomitantimmunity（伴隨免疫）immuneevasion（免疫逃避）寄生蟲能逃避宿主免疫攻擊的現(xiàn)象。Chapter4parasiticinfectionandparasiticdisease

Parasitosis/parasiticdisease(寄生蟲病)carrier(帶蟲者)chronicinfection(慢性感染)suppressiveinfection(隱性感染)larvamigrans(幼蟲移行癥）ectopicparasitism（異位寄生）

eosinophilia(嗜酸粒細(xì)胞增多)：蠕蟲感染Charactersofparasiticinfection

KeylinksintheprevalenceSusceptiblepopulationsourceofinfectionrouteoftransmissionThefactorsintheprevalencenaturalfactors(自然因素)biologicalfactors(生物因素)socialfactors(社會因素)charactersintheprevalenceendemicity(地方性)seasonality(季節(jié)性)naturalendemicfocus(自然疫源性)

parasiticzoonosis(人獸共患寄生蟲病

)PreventionandcontrolTreatmentoreliminationofthesourceofinfection(控制傳染源）Theblockadeoftherouteoftransmission（阻斷傳播途徑）Theprotectionofthesusceptiblepopulation（保護(hù)易感人群）Medicalhelminth(醫(yī)學(xué)蠕蟲)線蟲吸蟲絳蟲棘頭蟲IntroductiontonematodeNematode:線蟲Medicalhelminthtrematodecestode

nematodeIntroductiontonematodeClassNematoda（線蟲綱）

about10speciesaremedicalimportant原（假）體腔(procoele)Eggshellhas3layers:卵黃膜或受精膜(vitellinelayer);殼質(zhì)層(chitinouslayer)脂層（lipidlayer）/蛔甙層（ascaroside）Egg無卵蓋（Non-operculum）lifecycleTypeoflifecycle：土源性線蟲:生物源性線蟲：Infectivestage：InfectiveeggInfectivelarvacystImportantnematodesIntestinalnematode：蛔蟲、鉤蟲、蟯蟲、鞭蟲等Bloodnematode絲蟲Tissuenematode旋毛蟲1.試述臨床寄生蟲檢驗學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)范圍及重要性，寄生蟲感染最可靠的實驗診斷方法是什么