4.17 實(shí)驗(yàn)4-17 VLAN間單播通信的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法-“多臂路由”

4.17實(shí)驗(yàn)4-17VLAN間單播通信的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法——多臂路由實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康睦斫狻岸啾勐酚伞钡暮x。掌握通過(guò)“多臂路由”實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間單播通信的方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)、路由器的相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）3.標(biāo)注IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址4.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址5.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議6.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試7.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC32960-24TTSwitch0PC-PTPC4實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?選擇“連接”?選擇“自動(dòng)選擇連接類型”實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC32960-24TTSwitch0連接完成后，交換機(jī)的相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過(guò)程。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)溥B接完成后，交換機(jī)的相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過(guò)程。?切換到“實(shí)時(shí)”工作模式?單擊該按鈕，快進(jìn)時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC32960-24TTSwitch02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)、路由器的相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC32960-24TTSwitch02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)、路由器的相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?選擇該菜單項(xiàng)?選擇該選項(xiàng)卡?選中該選項(xiàng)2.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)、路由器的相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC32960-24TTSwitch0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6PacketTracer軟件顯示接口名稱、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備型號(hào)和名稱的功能并不完美，有時(shí)會(huì)遮擋傳輸媒體、狀態(tài)指示燈、甚至是網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備自身，并且會(huì)顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備相關(guān)接口的接口名稱，這使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渲械男畔⒖雌饋?lái)比較凌亂。建議同學(xué)們首先讓PacketTracer軟件顯示各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的相關(guān)接口名稱，然后將需要顯示的接口名稱記錄下來(lái)，并作為注釋信息標(biāo)注在相關(guān)接口旁邊，最后讓PacketTracer軟件不顯示各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的相關(guān)接口名稱即可。2960-24TTSwitch02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)、路由器的相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3使用“放置注釋”工具，在交換機(jī)和路由器各相關(guān)接口旁標(biāo)注接口名稱Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/63.標(biāo)注IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.2544.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.2544.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254輸入IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址不要忘記給其他各PC配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址//從用戶執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式//從特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入全局配置模式//從全局配置模式進(jìn)入接口Gig0/0的配置模式//給接口配置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼//開啟接口//給接口Gig0/1配置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼，并開啟接口//退出到全局配置模式4.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.2545.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.2545.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?切換到“模擬”工作模式?單擊該按鈕，清空“事件列表”?單擊該按鈕，打開“協(xié)議選擇”對(duì)話框?選擇“IPv4”選項(xiàng)卡?選擇監(jiān)視ICMP協(xié)議的相關(guān)事件6.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254切換到“實(shí)時(shí)”工作模式6.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254在計(jì)算機(jī)PC0的命令行使用“ping”命令，分別測(cè)試PC0與他各PC之間的連通性。6.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟//測(cè)試PC0與PC1的連通性//（相同網(wǎng)絡(luò)。不需要Router0的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）//測(cè)試PC0與PC4的連通性//（不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)。需要Router0的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）?//原因參看實(shí)驗(yàn)4-2如果測(cè)試失敗，請(qǐng)檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?、主機(jī)的IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址配置、路由器相關(guān)接口的IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼配置、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備相關(guān)接口的狀態(tài)是否正確。7.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess7.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1941Router0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessVLAN1VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.2541941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccessVLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess廣播廣播廣播VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess廣播廣播廣播VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess劃分VLAN可以分隔廣播域但也造成不同VLAN的主機(jī)之間不能通信不能通信VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess1941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccess7.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟Switch>enableSwitch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#vlan10Switch(config-vlan)#nameVLAN10Switch(config-vlan)#vlan20Switch(config-vlan)#nameVLAN20Switch(config-vlan)#exitSwitch(config)#interfacerangef0/1,f0/2,f0/3,f0/7Switch(config-if-range)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan10Switch(config-if-range)#interfacerangef0/4,f0/5,f0/6,f0/8Switch(config-if-range)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan20Switch(config-if-range)#endSwitch#showvlanbrief//從用戶執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式//從特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入全局配置模式//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN并進(jìn)入其配置模式//將VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN命名為VLAN10//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN并進(jìn)入其配置模式//將VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN命名為VLAN20//退出VLAN配置模式回到全局配置模式//批量配置接口f0/1，f0/2，f0/3，f0/7//配置接口類型為Access//配置接口屬于VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN//批量配置接口f0/4，f0/5，f0/6，f0/8//配置接口類型為Access//配置接口屬于VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN//退出到特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式//顯示VLAN摘要信息VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess1941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccess在交換機(jī)上劃分VLAN后，其相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過(guò)程。7.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?切換到“實(shí)時(shí)”工作模式?單擊該按鈕幾次，快進(jìn)時(shí)間在交換機(jī)上劃分VLAN后，其相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過(guò)程。VLAN10VLAN207.在交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN2960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess1941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccess8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信VLAN10VLAN202960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess1941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccess8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?切換到“模擬”工作模式?使用“添加簡(jiǎn)單的PDU”工具，

讓VLAN10中的某臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)（例如PC0）

給VLAN20中的某臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)（例如PC3）

發(fā)送一個(gè)單播IP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)。?單擊該按鈕，進(jìn)行單步模擬。8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信VLAN10VLAN202960-24TTSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC5PC-PTPC3Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess1941Router0Gig0/0Gig0/1Fa0/7Fa0/8192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccessPC0→PC3PC0→PC3PC0→PC3PC0→PC3

PC3給PC0發(fā)送單播IP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)作為響應(yīng)的過(guò)程就不再贅述了。8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?使用“添加復(fù)雜的PDU”工具，讓某個(gè)VLAN中的某臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)

（例如VLAN10中的PC0）發(fā)送一

個(gè)廣播IP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)。?單擊該按鈕，進(jìn)行單步模擬。8.驗(yàn)證通過(guò)“多臂路由”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信VLAN10VLAN20