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翻譯理論與實踐教案()第一頁,共70頁。Diction?Softdrink;softlight;softwater;softbreeze;softfire;softheart;softrecord培訓部;編輯部;指揮部;師部;外交部;南部CorrespondenceandDiscriminatingtheoriginalmeaning;WordTranslation.第一頁第二頁,共70頁。Diction去掉不適當?shù)目鋸垼唬ㄔ撌械娜硕假澇?。)要注意輕重和范圍的大小;(她嚇得魂不附體。)用詞要注意褒貶;(她是一個有獨立見解的思想家。)用詞要具體;同義詞/近義詞的選擇。BACK第二頁第三頁,共70頁。AmplificationSupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginal;SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;SupplyingWordstoConveytheConceptofPlurality;SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear;LogicalthinkingSupplyingWordsofGeneralizationForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceRepititionSupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation第三頁第四頁,共70頁。SupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginalReadingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinaryChinese”withpaperflagsandbouquetsofflowers.BACK第四頁第五頁,共70頁。SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;HecouldunderstandapassiveoppositionfromKennedyloyalists,butanopenonewouldhavedireconsequences.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeenaThirdReich.BACK第五頁第六頁,共70頁。SupplyingWordstoConvey
theConceptofPluralityNewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.BACK第六頁第七頁,共70頁。SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear
Antagonism;madness;arrogance.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.BACK第七頁第八頁,共70頁。LogicalThinkingWhereasKissingerhadonceneededNixonasachanneltopower,NixonnowneededKissingertohelphimremaininpower.
BACK第八頁第九頁,共70頁。SupplyingWordsofGeneralizationTheAmericansandtheJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessages.BACK第九頁第十頁,共70頁。ForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceFormistakeshadbeenmade,badones.BACK第十頁第十一頁,共70頁。RepititionThefootmenwereasreadytoserveherastheyweretheirownmistress.Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.Ihaveexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Bloodmustatoneforblood.Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.BACK第十一頁第十二頁,共70頁。SupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation
LeMonde,theB.B.C.,theNewYorkTimes,theentireArabpress,allquoteHeikalatlength.Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.Chinese-English第十二頁第十三頁,共70頁。Amplification
1.
Addingnecessarypronouns;2.
Addingnecessaryarticles;3.Addingnecessaryconnectives;4.Addingnecessaryprepositions;5.Addingnecessarybackgroundwords;6.Addingnecessarywordsofgeneralization;7.AvoidRepetition.
第十三頁第十四頁,共70頁。AddingNecessaryPrepositions每個人有一條生命。
Amanhasbutonelifetolive.第十四頁第十五頁,共70頁。AddingNecessaryBackgroundWords建國以來;抗戰(zhàn)期間。sincethefoundingofthePRCin1949duringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapan第十五頁第十六頁,共70頁。AddingNecessaryWordsofGeneralization結(jié)婚大辦酒席,實在可以免去了。要提倡顧全大局。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.
第十六頁第十七頁,共70頁。AvoidRepetitionHestressedthatallStateCouncildepartmentshaveanimportantresponsibilityinthestruggle(againstcorruption)andsaidtheyareinaveryimportantposition.Tomaintainsteadygrowthoftheeconomy,wemustimplementalong-termpolicyofsteadyeconomicgrowth.第十七頁第十八頁,共70頁。AvoidRepetition(Exception)
Thereisnoquestionthatwewillwinandtheenemywillbedefeated.Wemuststrengthenpublichealthservicesinruralareasinordertoimproveourpeople’shealth.BACK第十八頁第十九頁,共70頁。Omission(E-C)
OmissionofthePronoun;
OmissionoftheArticle;
OmissionofthePreposition;
OmissionoftheConjunction;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionoftheSpecialPronoun“It”.C-E第十九頁第二十頁,共70頁。OmissionofthePronounTheretailersperformmanyfunctions.First,hemayprovideaconvenientlocation.Also,heoftenguaranteesandservicesthemerchandisehesells.Third,theretaileraidsinpromotingtheproduct,oftenthroughdisplaysandadvertising.Fourth,theretailermayfinancethecustomerbyextendingcredit.Further,theretailerperformsstoragefunctioninhisoutlet,byhavinggoodsavailable.BACK第二十頁第二十一頁,共70頁。OmissionoftheArticleWinteristhebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.BACK第二十一頁第二十二頁,共70頁。OmissionofthePrepositionRumorshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.BACK第二十二頁第二十三頁,共70頁。OmissionoftheConjunctionHedeclinedtoamplifyonthePresident’sstatement,sincehehadnotreadthetext.BACK第二十三頁第二十四頁,共70頁。Omission(C-E)OmissionoftheAdjective;OmissionoftheAdverb;OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionofthePhraseorthesentence;ConsiderasaWhole.BACK第二十四頁第二十五頁,共70頁。OmissionoftheVerb相互了解,是建立互信關(guān)系的前提。
中國始終是維護世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。
BACK第二十五頁第二十六頁,共70頁。OmissionofthePhraseortheSentence不能把歐洲視為亞洲,也不能把亞洲視為歐洲。
美國和歐盟國家已連續(xù)六次在日內(nèi)瓦的聯(lián)合國會議上提出這個議案,但是每一次都沒有得到通過,都失敗了。
BACK第二十六頁第二十七頁,共70頁。ConsiderasaWhole這些新型汽車速度快,效率高,行動靈活。他這個人歷來都是勇于探索,勇于創(chuàng)造,勇于改正錯誤。
BACK第二十七頁第二十八頁,共70頁。OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase我們愿意在和平共處五項原則的基礎(chǔ)上同世界上所有國家發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。
我們已經(jīng)從其他國家有計劃有選擇的進口了一些成套設(shè)備。
BACK第二十八頁第二十九頁,共70頁。OmissionoftheAdjective他們做了艱苦的努力。我們對過去的歷史應(yīng)有所了解。這個地區(qū)遭受了嚴重的自然災(zāi)害。我們積極支持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。
BACK第二十九頁第三十頁,共70頁。OmissionoftheAdverb價格要適當調(diào)整。如果你想要取得他們的支持,它必須進一步改善自己的形象。
BACK第三十頁第三十一頁,共70頁。Conversion(E-C)ConversionintotheVerb;ConversionintotheNoun;Conversionintotheadjective;Conversionintotheadverb.C-E第三十一頁第三十二頁,共70頁。ConversionintotheVerbAcommonplacecriticismofAmericancultureisitsexcessivepreoccupationwithmaterialgoodsandcorrespondingneglectofthehumanspirit.Thedevelopedcountriesarerichinskilledworkforceandcapitalresources,sotheycanconcentrateonproducingmanytechnology–intensiveproductssuchascomputers,aircrafts,andsoon.BACK第三十二頁第三十三頁,共70頁。ConversionintotheNounSincesilverandgoldareinconvenienttocarryandtoassayforpurityandforweight,itbecamecustomaryforeachstatetostampoutincoinformaspecifiednumberofouncesofgoldcarryingthesealofthestatetoguaranteepurityandweight.BegfiledanurgentstorytohisnewspaperinLondon,littlerealizingthathewasabouttobecomepartofanewjournalisticlegendonFleetStreet.BACK第三十三頁第三十四頁,共70頁。ConversionintotheadverbHetalkedtotheforeignerinhesitantEnglish.Hespentananxiousdayinthelockup.BACK第三十四頁第三十五頁,共70頁。ConversionintotheadjectiveAsheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyou’llgivehimthenecessaryhelp.TheAPECmeetinginShanghaiwasagreatsuccess.BACK第三十五頁第三十六頁,共70頁。Exercises1.
Hedidnotlookoractlikehisusualself---hisfacewasveryred,hishatwasonthebackofhishead,hishairwaswildlyrumpled.2.
Wewerehighlyappreciativeofhiseffortstobringpeacetotheworld.3.
Theoldmanlayallnightonhissleeplessbed.第三十六頁第三十七頁,共70頁。Exercises4.
Thishatwasinforawhilelastyear.5.
Machinesworkonelectricity.6.
Helookedatmeinamazement.第三十七頁第三十八頁,共70頁。Homework1.
TheseizureofAmericanhostagesinIransharpenedthepainofnationalhumiliation.2.
Attheturnofaswitch,wecanseewhataretakingplaceamileaway.3.Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.1.
中國青年人對因特網(wǎng)知識的普及化程度和上網(wǎng)人數(shù)還遠不能令人滿意。2.
人們現(xiàn)在把郵購業(yè)務(wù)生動的比作“看不見的超市”,因為他們可以通過信函,電話,傳真和電腦定購物品,并通過中國郵政網(wǎng)迅速的收到所購物品。BACK第三十八頁第三十九頁,共70頁。Conversion(C-E)VerbsintoNouns;VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;VerbsintoAdverbs;VerbsintoAdjectives;NounsintoVerbs;NounsintoAdjectives;AdjectivesintoNouns.第三十九頁第四十頁,共70頁。VerbsintoNouns了解過去有助于了解現(xiàn)在,了解現(xiàn)在有助于預(yù)知未來。堅持一個中國的原則,是實現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和前提。振興科技和繁榮經(jīng)濟,必須堅持教育為本。BACK第四十頁第四十一頁,共70頁。VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;一方面問題正在討論,另一方面寫字樓正在建造。這份有關(guān)航天的報告雖然很長,但不切要領(lǐng),我看不懂。BACK第四十一頁第四十二頁,共70頁。VerbsintoAdverbs會議結(jié)束后,人人都盡力為公司做點事兒。BACK第四十二頁第四十三頁,共70頁。VerbsintoAdjectives你肯定他能中彩嗎?糖和鹽都溶于水。BACK第四十三頁第四十四頁,共70頁。NounsintoVerbs本產(chǎn)品的特點是設(shè)計獨特,質(zhì)量高,容量大。BACK第四十四頁第四十五頁,共70頁。NounsintoAdjectives我們對計算機科學的未來充滿信心。服從是軍人的義務(wù)。BACK第四十五頁第四十六頁,共70頁。AdjectivesintoNouns空氣清香,使人感到分外涼爽、舒暢。Homework第四十六頁第四十七頁,共70頁。Extension(E-C)
1.邏輯引申
2.語用引申
3.修辭引申
4.概念范圍的調(diào)整C-E第四十七頁第四十八頁,共70頁。邏輯引申Theemergenceofthepeopleofthe3rdworldandtheirstruggleforidentitywillleadtothefloweringofdiverseconceptsoflifeinthefuture.VietnamWarwashisentrée(入場券)tothenewAdministration,histhirdincarnation(賦予肉體、具人形,化身)asaforeignpolicyconsultant.第四十八頁第四十九頁,共70頁。邏輯引申Sincetheinitiationofeconomicreformsinthelate1970s,Chinahasachievedimpressiveeconomicgrowthcoupledwithsignificantstructuraltransformation.TheEEC’scommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaur(要被廢棄的落后的龐然大物)
whichisadding£13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.BACK第四十九頁第五十頁,共70頁。語用引申
Thenewfatherworeaproudsmile.Cleverheadsthanminemighthaveseenhisdrift.
BACK第五十頁第五十一頁,共70頁。修辭引申Seesawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.Hewouldnottellthem,butkepttheminsuspenseallday.BACK第五十一頁第五十二頁,共70頁。概念范圍的調(diào)整
Poetrysuffers(外延大而內(nèi)涵小)intranslation–andthereadersuffers(外延小而內(nèi)涵大)
withit.Torcello,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromVenice.EXERCISES第五十二頁第五十三頁,共70頁。Exercises1.
HowtheybowtothatCleolebecauseofherhundredthousandpounds.2.
Theavalancheunleashedbythefilmprovidedthebestopportunityinalongtimefortheracialhealingtobegin.3.Allservicesinbusiness---suchasgiftwrapping,delivery,andcredit---havesomeamountofcostsassociatedwiththem,andthesecostsmustbecoveredbyhigherprices.
NEXT第五十三頁第五十四頁,共70頁。Exercises4.Wordsoncereservedforrestroomwallsarenowcommonstuffinfilms,plays,booksandevenontelevision.5.Lastnightanuninvitedguestturneduptomakefiveforbridge.Ihadthekindofpaperbookathandtomakebeingthefifth
atbridgeajoy.6.EverytimeIcomebackfromabusinesstripitmakesanewmanofme.BACK第五十四頁第五十五頁,共70頁。Extension(C-E)具體化譯法
概略化譯法
BACK第五十五頁第五十六頁,共70頁。具體化譯法最近呢,農(nóng)業(yè)科學化了,又在植樹造林,山嶺天地更加郁郁蔥蔥。
它們仿佛在牛乳中洗過一樣,又像籠罩著輕紗的夢。
官僚作風就是墨守成規(guī),推委消極。
BACK第五十六頁第五十七頁,共70頁。概略化譯法不要在絲綢服裝上別別針,因為會留下針眼。
在這兒實在閑著無事,渾身筋肉都松弛的發(fā)酸。
BACK第五十七頁第五十八頁,共70頁。CategoriesofNegationShebarelyacknowledgedhispresence.Ourclassismarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionthatmanyofthestudentsmightfallintosleep.Thereisnoplaceintheworldlikehome.NEXT第五十八頁第五十九頁,共70頁。CategoriesofNegationNotallthecandidateswereaccepted.Hewasafraiduntilthetigerwalkedoutofhissight.Thepurposeofteachingisnotsomuchtotransmitknowledgeastoteachhowtolearn.Ihaveneverknownhimtobehaveotherthanselfishly.SKILLS第五十九頁第六十頁,共70頁。NegationinE-CTranslationAffirmativeinE,butNegativeinC.Weknowitisasquarepeginaroundhole;still,itservesafterafashion.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.NEXT第六十頁第六十一頁,共70頁。NegationinE-CTranslation2.NegativeinE,butAffirmativeinCAllmyplanscametonothing.3.EitherEquivalentinCSlipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyouarenewtoyourwork.NEXT第六十一頁第六十二頁,共70頁。
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