高考二輪總復(fù)習(xí)課件英語(yǔ)專題三完形填空

第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用專題三完形填空英語(yǔ)2023內(nèi)容索引NO.1讀文總策略?把握宏觀維度,洞悉文章脈絡(luò)NO.2題型微技法?破解完形填空解題7大技法NO.3真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)?經(jīng)典對(duì)練拿高分讀文總策略?把握宏觀維度,洞悉文章脈絡(luò)NO.1語(yǔ)篇的宏觀分析是對(duì)文章的語(yǔ)篇類型、組織結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行分析,通過(guò)文章的主題句或主題段落來(lái)確定文章的體裁到底是記敘文、說(shuō)明文還是議論文。體裁不同,文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)自然也不同。在當(dāng)前的高考中,完形填空多是記敘文或夾敘夾議類的文章。因此,運(yùn)用美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家拉波夫的敘事分析模式對(duì)完形填空的語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行宏觀分析,能幫助學(xué)生從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。此模式包括點(diǎn)題、指向、進(jìn)展、結(jié)局、評(píng)議和回應(yīng)六個(gè)要素。一、點(diǎn)題和指向1.點(diǎn)題是敘事者在敘事之前對(duì)要講的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的概述,會(huì)告訴讀者“Whatis/wasthestoryabout?”。2.指向是指敘事者會(huì)在文章開(kāi)頭交代清楚故事中的人物以及故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等因素,會(huì)告訴讀者“Whois/wasinvolvedinthestory?”以及“Whenandwheredoes/didthestoryhappen?”等。有時(shí)候,點(diǎn)題和指向會(huì)一起出現(xiàn)在文章的首句中,這樣不僅能使文章中心突出、主題鮮明,而且能給讀者留下深刻的印象?！镜漕}印證】

(2022全國(guó)甲卷)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their

41

wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith

42

.WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I

43

hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwas

44

thathewasananimallover,I

45

thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack

46

,thecat.

Thenextweekwe

47

ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour

48

,Stevegotdownononeknee.

Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso

49

?Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.

50

,Ibegantofallforhim.

We

51

todate,thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember,Tillyhadanoperationonher

52

.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday,andIworriedthatTilly

53

climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve

54

hishouse.Allworked

55

.Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,

56

Flora’sspace;SteveandIformedagoodteam

57

forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.

Ayearlater,muchtomy

58

,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI

59

himto.That’sonlyforgiving

60

tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.

50.A.Bytheway B.Inthatcase C.Byallmeans D.Inthatmoment51.A.continued B.decided C.intended

D.pretended52.A.eye B.tail C.ear D.leg53.A.secretly B.constantly C.eventually D.unwillingly54.A.left B.sold C.suggested D.searched55.A.late B.hard C.fine

D.free56.A.emptied B.respected C.occupied D.discovered57.A.looking B.caring C.waiting D.calling58.A.delight B.credit C.interest D.disadvantage59.A.beg B.trust C.need D.aid60.A.toys B.awards C.food D.water44.D

雖然作者對(duì)于他是一位動(dòng)物愛(ài)好者感到很興奮(thrilled),但是作者擔(dān)心(worried)三只狗或許太多了,而且作者的狗可能會(huì)攻擊他的貓。45.B

見(jiàn)上題解析。predict“預(yù)測(cè)”;regret“后悔”;insist“堅(jiān)持”。46.A

根據(jù)上文提到的貓的名字“and

a

cat,Flora”和本句中的“the

cat”可得出答案。47.B

根據(jù)本段后文的描述得知,他們?cè)谝黄疱薰?walked

dogs)。48.A

根據(jù)上一句天氣很熱得知,這里是說(shuō)他們停下來(lái)喘口氣(catch

our

breath)。49.C

根據(jù)文章第二段提到第一次約會(huì),第三段提到“The

next

week”可知,他們約會(huì)才不長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,所以作者認(rèn)為Steve要向自己求婚進(jìn)展太快了(soon)。calm“冷靜的”。50.D

根據(jù)上一句

“He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.(他把瓶子里的水倒在自己手心里喂給我的狗喝)”可知作者在那一刻(In

that

moment)愛(ài)上了Steve。51.A

他們繼續(xù)(continued)約會(huì),盡管他們都沒(méi)有談及未來(lái)。intend“打算”;pretend“假裝”。52.D

根據(jù)下文提到的“I

worried

that

Tilly...climbing

the

stairs

could

reopen

the

wound(我擔(dān)心Tilly爬樓梯會(huì)使傷口裂開(kāi))”推斷出應(yīng)該是在狗的腿部(leg)做了手術(shù)。53.B

作者一天帶狗出去四次,所以她擔(dān)心Tilly不斷地爬樓梯會(huì)使傷口裂開(kāi)。constantly“重復(fù)不斷地”;eventually“最終”;unwillingly“不情愿地”。54.C

上文提到Tilly做了腿部手術(shù),可是一天需要出去四次,作者擔(dān)心爬樓梯狗會(huì)把傷口掙開(kāi)。下文提到“The

three

dogs

formed

a

pack”和“We

made

good

housemates.”可知,Steve推薦了(suggested)他的房子,讓作者和他一起居住?！窘忸}思路】54

題是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。特別注意完形填空重在考查結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境選出符合行文邏輯的最佳答案。根據(jù)下文提到三只狗在一起沒(méi)有侵犯貓的領(lǐng)地,并且作者和Steve成了好室友可知,Steve推薦了他的房子是最佳答案。55.C

根據(jù)下文提到的“Steve

and

I

formed

a

good

team”

可知這里想說(shuō):一切都很順利(fine)。56.B

根據(jù)上文的“一切都很順利”,推測(cè)出作者前文提到的擔(dān)心自己的狗會(huì)攻擊Steve的貓的情況應(yīng)該沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。再結(jié)合本句中的“with

coaching

(經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn))”可知這三只狗應(yīng)該是尊重(respected)

Flora(貓)的空間,沒(méi)有侵犯它的領(lǐng)地?！窘忸}思路】56

題是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讀者一不留神就容易選擇侵占(occupied),因?yàn)榍鞍刖涮岬?/p>

“The

three

dogs

formed

a

pack

(三只狗形成了一個(gè)群體)”,讀者會(huì)認(rèn)為肯定沒(méi)有貓的活動(dòng)領(lǐng)地了。但是這樣想就忽略了文章整體的思路和上下文語(yǔ)境。讀者需要擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍。上文說(shuō)“All

worked

fine(一切都很順利)”,下文提到“Steve

and

I

formed

a

good

team

(我和Steve組成了一個(gè)很好的團(tuán)隊(duì))”,怎么會(huì)出現(xiàn)狗和貓相處不融洽的情況呢?所以這里不能選擇侵占,而要選擇體現(xiàn)和諧相處的詞:尊重。57.B

作者和Steve合作愉快,共同照顧Tilly。care

for“照料,照顧”。58.A

一年后,令作者高興(delight)的是,這個(gè)人向我求婚了。credit“信用”。59.C

由上文提到的Steve單膝跪下是為了迎合狗的高度給狗喂水推斷,這里的意思是:“他沒(méi)有下跪,我也不需要(need)他這樣做?！?/p>

trust“信任”;aid“救助”。60.D

根據(jù)上文的“He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.”

可知,給狗喂水(water)使作者和Steve走到了一起。?脈絡(luò)分析一、點(diǎn)題和指向文章第二段點(diǎn)明所講故事的背景:For

many

years,I

enjoyed

living

with

my

dogs,Tilly

and

Chance.When

I

first

dated

Steve,I

learned

he

had

a

dog,Molly,and

a

cat,Flora.(多年來(lái),我喜歡和我的狗——Tilly和Chance——一起生活。我第一次和史蒂夫約會(huì)時(shí),得知他養(yǎng)了一只狗,叫莫莉,還有一只貓,叫芙羅拉。)二、進(jìn)展和結(jié)局The

next

week

we

walked

our

dogs

together.(第二周,我們一起遛狗。)?He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.(他從瓶子里把水倒在手里,遞給我的狗。)?In

that

moment,I

began

to

fall

for

him.(那一刻,“我”開(kāi)始愛(ài)上了他。)?And

then

in

late

November,Tilly

had

an

operation

on

her

leg.(11月底,蒂莉做了腿部手術(shù)。)?I

worried

that

Tilly

constantly

climbing

the

stairs

could

reopen

the

wound.Then

Steve

suggested

his

house.(我擔(dān)心蒂莉總是爬樓梯會(huì)讓傷口重新裂開(kāi)。然后史蒂夫建議去他家。)?Steve

and

I

formed

a

good

team

caring

for

Tilly.We

made

good

housemates.(史蒂夫和我組成了一個(gè)很好的團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)照顧蒂莉。我們是很好的室友。)三、評(píng)議和回應(yīng)A

year

later,much

to

my

surprise,this

man

produced

a

little

box

with

a

ring

and

proposed

to

me.(一年后,令我驚訝的是,這個(gè)人拿出一個(gè)裝著戒指的小盒子向我求婚。)題型微技法?破解完形填空解題7大技法NO.2聚焦命題明晰增分策略研命題

透析高考真題,把握命題規(guī)律年份卷別體裁主題考點(diǎn)分布名詞動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))形容詞副詞介詞(短語(yǔ))其他2022全國(guó)甲卷記敘文因狗結(jié)緣,終成眷屬783110全國(guó)乙卷說(shuō)明文人與人之間要彼此信任,相互尊重7832002021全國(guó)甲卷記敘文海鷗引發(fā)的酒店混亂4104101全國(guó)乙卷夾敘夾議文表達(dá)感謝71012002020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議文父母對(duì)子女撒謊863210全國(guó)Ⅱ卷記敘文兩幅畫(huà)的真相4113200全國(guó)Ⅲ卷記敘文換位思考386120命題專家談高考1.選材特點(diǎn):完形填空的選材以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主,主題語(yǔ)境包括人與自我、人與社會(huì)及人與自然。選材原汁原味,以傳播正能量、具有積極意義的話題為主,重在引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生高尚的道德情操和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。2.考查特點(diǎn):空缺詞以實(shí)詞為主,其中重點(diǎn)考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞,介詞、連詞等虛詞所占比重很小。在能力方面著重考查考生的詞匯運(yùn)用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。明策略

升華解題思維,考場(chǎng)有序增分命題方式解題捷徑選項(xiàng)特征1.選材詞數(shù)一般200~250詞之間,所選短文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明、邏輯性強(qiáng)。2.首句不設(shè)空,設(shè)空20個(gè),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法形式一致。1.利用首句明大意?？焖偻ㄗx全文,利用好首句,洞悉文章脈絡(luò),明確故事的意義。2.瞻前顧后巧求索。留意文章的細(xì)節(jié)和措辭,注意前后文的呼應(yīng)。把空格處與上下文語(yǔ)境聯(lián)系起來(lái),切勿自以為是。3.攻克5大易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。①缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維;②因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選;③因一詞多義或者熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選;④因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選;⑤漢語(yǔ)思維。1.名詞和動(dòng)詞為主,總數(shù)占三分之二以上,形容詞和副詞為輔,偶爾出現(xiàn)介詞。2.聯(lián)系上下文設(shè)空的題目占了約70%,結(jié)合語(yǔ)篇設(shè)空的題目占了約30%。技巧點(diǎn)撥領(lǐng)悟解題之道做完形填空主要是找到文中的解題線索和依據(jù)。完形填空做得不好,從客觀上講是考生無(wú)法把握文章中心,不能在文章中找到線索;從主觀上講是有些考生缺乏從文章中找線索的意識(shí),不懂如何從文中找到相應(yīng)的解題線索。因此做題時(shí)一定要找到解題線索和依據(jù)。技法1利用首句信息完形填空一般不在首句設(shè)空,這是為了給考生提供清晰而完整的文章背景信息。若首句交代了when,where,who,what,即四個(gè)“W”,一般來(lái)說(shuō)文章為記敘文,很可能是一個(gè)故事;若首句是提出或解釋說(shuō)明某事物,一般來(lái)說(shuō)文章為說(shuō)明文;若首句提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn),一般來(lái)說(shuō)文章為議論文。仔細(xì)分析首句,往往能獲取許多解題信息。除了文章首句以外,考生還可以利用段落首句來(lái)把握文章大意,主題句有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的開(kāi)頭。【典題印證】(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofour41(memories)arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we

42

alongChalkCreek.

42.A.camped

B.drove C.walked D.cycled【分析】根據(jù)第一段的“wonderfulcampingexperiences”可知作者一家是在ChalkCreek岸邊宿營(yíng)?！緡L試解答】

A技法2利用詞匯線索詞匯線索主要是詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)和詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)。詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞(如decide與determine)、同源詞(如ill與illness)、上下義詞(如rose是flower的下義詞,flower是rose的上義詞)、反義詞(如wrong與right)等方式在同一語(yǔ)篇中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)是語(yǔ)篇銜接的一個(gè)重要手段。我們可以借助這一銜接手段解答完形填空題。詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)是指某些語(yǔ)義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)篇中有同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的傾向性,也有人將相關(guān)聯(lián)的一群詞稱為“詞場(chǎng)”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對(duì)關(guān)系,或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等。如ill,hospital,doctor,nurse,operation,medicine,patient等一群相互關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語(yǔ)就有同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)語(yǔ)篇中的可能性。1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——在上下文中同一詞匯重復(fù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)單詞在一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)中以同樣的詞形反復(fù)出現(xiàn),有時(shí)兼有詞形變化。如:上文中出現(xiàn)了transport與下文中的transportation可以看成是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！镜漕}印證】(2021北京卷)Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5(still)awakeonhismother’slap,butthewomandroppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto

6

thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7(grabbed)thechildjustbeforehefellout.

The8(noise)wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9(panic),andthenrealitydawned(顯現(xiàn)).“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.”Thewomanwas10(astonished),andsowasI.

6.A.drag B.climbC.knock D.push【分析】本題可以利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)下文的“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow...”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知正確選項(xiàng)?！緡L試解答】

B2.同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【典題印證】(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Simplysayingthankyoudoesn’tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa

41

justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent42(grades)ofgratitude(感謝).

...Shewas49(grateful)foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.

41.A.cleaner B.chemistC.nurse D.doctor【分析】本題可以利用同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。從第三段首句推斷,“我”是剛工作不久的一名護(hù)士。nursing與nurse是同源詞?！緡L試解答】

C【分析】本題可以利用同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)下文的“Hewasstillstaringather.”可知,此處和“staringat”是同義詞,由此可知正確選項(xiàng)?！緡L試解答】

C4.反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——意思相反或?qū)Ρ刃越忉尩脑~匯復(fù)現(xiàn)【典題印證】(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Our48(roles)inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49(Remove)bunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas

50

thanitsounds.51(Slowdown)abitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI’d52(expected).

50.A.harder B.betterC.longer D.cheaper【分析】本題可以利用反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。盡管前文提到了“Ourrolesinthefactoryweresimple”,根據(jù)下文中的“thecakespileup”“alittlemorehigh-pressure”可知,作者想表達(dá)實(shí)際上作者他們的工作并不像聽(tīng)上去那么簡(jiǎn)單,harder與simple構(gòu)成反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！緡L試解答】

A5.上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——總括與分述的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)【典題印證】(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Olderandwisernow,Burchillchalkeduptheincidenttoyouthfulindiscretion(莽撞).“Ihave

55

andIadmitresponsibilityformy56(actions),”hesaidintheletter.

55.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped

D.matured【分析】本題可以利用上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。根據(jù)上文“Olderandwisernow”可知,現(xiàn)在的Burchill變得更加成熟了。mature“成熟”符合語(yǔ)境。olderandwiser上義詞是mature(成熟)?！緡L試解答】

D【分析】根據(jù)上文中的“tiedaropearoundhiswaist”以及下文中的“crying”可知孩子哭叫是因?yàn)樗焕K子拴住腰部感到不舒服?！緡L試解答】

C技法3利用語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)“語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)”是指支撐文章主題的句子之間、句群之間、段落之間的意義銜接和走向。語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)題旨在考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握能力,考生如果沒(méi)有整體意識(shí),往往很難找出正確答案。解答此類題目時(shí),需要考慮設(shè)空處與句內(nèi)其他部分、前后句甚至相隔較遠(yuǎn)的句子在語(yǔ)義上的連貫性。換言之,要充分考慮上下文語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)語(yǔ)義的連貫性解題。DCD技法4利用固定搭配英語(yǔ)中一些固定的句型、短語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)既是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn),也是完形填空的?？键c(diǎn)。同學(xué)們做完形填空題時(shí)應(yīng)注意所填詞與空格前后詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配?！镜淅∽C】(2021浙江卷)Lastweekshewalkeduptothestore,butwhenshewenttopayforhergroceries,shewas

39

aboutthreedollars.

39.A.short B.cautiousC.wrong D.concerned【分析】作者的母親在商店付款時(shí)少了大約3美元,beshort(ofsth)“短缺……”?！緡L試解答】

A技法5利用邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)句、段間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)推斷正確答案。常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系有因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、條件與結(jié)果關(guān)系等。1.因果關(guān)系【典題印證】(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Theyhadaskedhimto43(bring)somepepperoni(辣香腸)frombackeast.Sohe

44

asuitcasefullofpepperoni.

44.A.filled B.lockedC.abandoned D.lost【分析】本題為典型的考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目,可以利用因果關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,Burchill要去見(jiàn)朋友,朋友要求他帶一些辣香腸過(guò)來(lái)。由此可推知,此處應(yīng)表示他裝了滿滿一箱的辣香腸。fill“使充滿,裝滿”符合語(yǔ)境?！緡L試解答】

AD3.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系【典題印證】(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24(damage)itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.

25

,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.

25.A.Besides B.HoweverC.Therefore D.Otherwise【分析】本題可以利用遞進(jìn)關(guān)系解題。空前提到鳥(niǎo)的數(shù)量減少了,空后提到蛇的數(shù)量也減少了,aswell是解題的關(guān)鍵。故此處用“此外”來(lái)連接?！緡L試解答】

A技法6利用背景常識(shí)完形填空的語(yǔ)篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)。考生在做題時(shí),若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí),巧妙地加以運(yùn)用,將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程,節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間,從而輕松地作出正確判斷?！镜漕}印證】(2021新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Dirtyshortsandoldshoesgavehimthe

46

ofarealbeggarandhisconvincingdialectsoonwonhimthe47(trust)ofthebeggars.

46.A.challenge B.experienceC.appearance D.freedom【分析】根據(jù)該句中的“Dirtyshortsandoldshoes”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,穿著臟衣服和破鞋子是常見(jiàn)的乞丐的裝扮?！緡L試解答】

C技法7利用褒貶語(yǔ)境完形填空要求考生綜合考慮文章的措辭是否得當(dāng)、語(yǔ)句是否通順和上下文語(yǔ)境是否一致等,而這些都與詞語(yǔ)的感情色彩相關(guān)。作者在選擇使用特定的褒義詞或貶義詞時(shí)就表達(dá)了自己的感情傾向和意愿?？忌谧鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)要仔細(xì)體會(huì)作者所用詞匯的褒貶含義,揣摩作者的思想和感情。褒義詞和貶義詞是判斷人物性格特征、事情發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的一個(gè)重要切入點(diǎn),考生做題時(shí)要抓住這個(gè)線索,進(jìn)行合理推測(cè),往往就能判斷出正確答案。【典題印證】(2021新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Dad

53

.Thesonofagrocer,he’dspentthesummersofhischildhood54(delivering)foodinBernardsville,NewJersey.Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyou55(appreciate)thedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.

53.A.cried B.smiledC.hesitated D.refused【分析】根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知,父親告訴作者,這份工作能讓作者珍惜自己賺的錢(qián)并尊重做這種工作的人,顯然,父親對(duì)這件事是滿意的?！緡L試解答】

B課堂應(yīng)用Andfinallythe

16

dayarrivedandsoonwewerestandinginLukla,atthe

17

ofthemountain,readytostart.AlthoughIwas

18

fit,nothingcouldhavepreparedmeforthementalchallenge.Ihadtofacemyfearofheights.Crossingropebridgeshundredsoffeetaboveroughriversmademy

19

turnbutIthoughtofmygrandfather.

SofulfilleddidIfeelwhenIcame

20

thatIdecidedtotrynewchallenges.

1.A.keepingup B.mixingupC.climbingup D.bringingup2.A.sick B.tiredC.eager D.crazy3.A.silence B.surpriseC.relief D.respect4.A.injuries B.sadnessC.shyness D.fears5.A.spend B.raiseC.lend D.change6.A.opportunity B.adviceC.choice D.preparation7.A.work B.arrangeC.research D.panic8.A.manage B.fallC.escape D.recover9.A.payingoff B.carryingonC.backingaway D.droppingin10.A.father B.brotherC.grandfather D.cousin11.A.teacher B.painterC.explorer D.physicist12.A.mountain B.riverC.desert D.volcano13.A.Teaching B.StudyingC.Living D.Training14.A.strange B.selfishC.familiar D.helpless15.A.enjoyed B.heldC.counted D.expected16.A.victory B.graduationC.magic D.departure17.A.top B.middleC.foot D.peak18.A.slightly B.physicallyC.hardly D.tightly19.A.eyes B.faceC.hands D.stomach20.A.back B.alongC.over D.round【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹作者恐高卻決定長(zhǎng)途跋涉去珠峰大本營(yíng),一開(kāi)始作者對(duì)自己的決定有點(diǎn)恐慌,但是為了紀(jì)念他的祖父,作者依然堅(jiān)持參與,并且克服各種訓(xùn)練困難,以及登山的心理挑戰(zhàn),最終成功的故事。1.C

由前一句作者恐高可知,爬上梯子去更換電燈泡都會(huì)使作者感到無(wú)力。2.A

由前一句作者恐高可知,爬上梯子會(huì)讓作者產(chǎn)生恐高不舒服的狀態(tài)。3.B

由前半句描述作者爬梯子換電燈泡都會(huì)感到不舒服可知,作者宣布去爬珠峰,這件事令人驚訝。4.D

由第一句“I’ve

always

been

afraid

of

heights.”可知,作者恐高,需要克服的是對(duì)高度的恐懼心理。5.B

由后文“Besides,I

had

to

do

something

for

the

charity.I

sent

out

letters

to

everyone

14

to

sponsor

me.”可知,作者要為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)做些事情,他寫(xiě)信給每個(gè)人讓他們資助自己,資助和本題的為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)湊集資金相互照應(yīng)。

6.A

由該句描述的語(yǔ)境可知,作者一直想給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)湊錢(qián),當(dāng)作者看到有關(guān)慈善的廣告的時(shí)候,作者做出報(bào)名的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)明是接受了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。7.D

由后文“What

was

I

thinking?I’d

never

be

able

to

get

fit

enough”可知,作者懷疑自己,認(rèn)為自己是絕對(duì)不可能讓自己足夠健康,由此可推測(cè),作者對(duì)自己做出的決定是恐慌的。8.A

由前半句作者認(rèn)為自己絕對(duì)不可能足夠健康可知,作者認(rèn)為自己是不可能完成去珠峰大本營(yíng)這件事的。9.B

由本句中的however可知,本句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容和前文作者恐慌自己不能應(yīng)對(duì)去珠峰的事情相反,作者依然會(huì)繼續(xù)參與。10.C

由后文“but

I

thought

of

my

grandfather”可知,使作者繼續(xù)參加的原因是為了他的祖父。11.C

由該句and后半部分可知,祖父在全世界探險(xiǎn),說(shuō)明祖父是一名探險(xiǎn)者。12.A

由前文可知,作者參與跋涉珠峰大本營(yíng)是為了紀(jì)念他的祖父,祖父作為一名探險(xiǎn)家,探險(xiǎn)過(guò)世界很多地方,但是沒(méi)有成功去珠峰探險(xiǎn),而這珠峰正是作者將要去的地方。17.C

由作者正在盧卡拉這個(gè)地方推測(cè),這個(gè)地方應(yīng)該是位于山腳的位置。18.B

分析本句可知,although表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,身體的健康和心理的挑戰(zhàn)形成對(duì)比,故選B項(xiàng)。19.D

由前文可知,作者恐高,所以在穿越幾百英尺的索橋,作者的狀態(tài)是不好的,而“make

my

stomach

turn”表示的是反胃,符合語(yǔ)境。20.A

分析本句可知,作者感到滿足的感覺(jué),只有是在完成去珠峰的事情之后,故選A項(xiàng)。Passage

2(2022河南許昌一模)Ifnotforthekindnessofastranger,Jamaicanhurdler(跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員)HansleParchmentmaynotbeaTokyoOlympicgoldmedalisttoday.The31-year-oldathletetookthe

1

busonthedayofhissemifinalrace.

2

inenjoyingmusic,hedidn’trealizeit.

“BythetimeI

3

,Irealized,‘No,thisbusisnotgoingtherightway.’I’mnotfamiliarwiththese

4

,”hesaid.

He

12

her,pullsouthismedalandthanksher.“Youwere

13

inmegettingtothefinalthatday,”hetellsher,

14

herthemedalforhertosee.

Parchmentalsoshowshis

15

bygivingStojkovicaJamaicanOlympicpoloshirtand

16

themoneyshehadgivenhim.Andthethanksdidn’t

17

there:Jamaica’sMinistryofTourismsentanofficial

18

tovisittheisland.

Stojkoviclaterpostedapictureofherself

19

theshirtonherInstagram.“Thisisagreat

20

fromdearHansle.Perfect!”shewrote.

1.A.regular B.wrongC.punctual D.final2.A.Lost B.ExperiencedC.Skillful D.Successful3.A.lookedup B.calmeddownC.walkedaround D.wentahead4.A.seats B.athletesC.citizens D.surroundings5.A.follow B.grabC.drive D.order11.A.mistakenly B.preciselyC.casually D.intentionally12.A.approaches B.invitesC.interviews D.convinces13.A.right B.vitalC.wise D.friendly14.A.saving B.returningC.handing D.leaving15.A.gratitude B.ambitionC.regret D.concern【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。牙買(mǎi)加跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員Hansle

Parchment去賽場(chǎng)比賽,卻乘錯(cuò)了公交車(chē)。正當(dāng)他焦急萬(wàn)分之際,遇到了一位善良的奧運(yùn)志愿者,這位志愿者幫助他及時(shí)趕到了賽場(chǎng),最后他贏得了金牌,非常感謝這位志愿者。1.B

根據(jù)下文“No,this

bus

is

not

going

the

right

way.”可知,Hansle

Parchment乘錯(cuò)了公交車(chē)。2.A

根據(jù)下文“he

didn’t

realize

it”可知,Hansle

Parchment沉浸在享受音樂(lè)中。be

lost

in“沉湎于”是固定短語(yǔ)。3.A

根據(jù)上文“

2

in

enjoying

music,he

didn’t

realize

it.”可推斷,Hansle

Parchment低頭在聽(tīng)音樂(lè),直到他抬頭看,才發(fā)現(xiàn)坐錯(cuò)了車(chē)。

8.A

根據(jù)首句和下文“gold

and

his

best

time

of

the

season”可知,他贏得了跨欄金牌。故選A項(xiàng)。9.D

根據(jù)下文可知,Hansle

Parchment尋找?guī)椭哪莻€(gè)人,因此推斷他決定和這個(gè)人分享他的勝利。10.B

根據(jù)下文可知,Hansle

Parchment登上了送他到同一個(gè)地區(qū)的公交車(chē),尋找?guī)椭娜恕?1.D

根據(jù)上下文可知,上次乘錯(cuò)了公交車(chē),再次乘坐同一輛車(chē),Hansle

Parchment是有意的,因?yàn)樗胍獙ふ規(guī)椭娜恕?2.A

根據(jù)下文“pulls

out

his

medal

and

thanks

her”可知,他走近她,拿出來(lái)獎(jiǎng)牌給她看,感謝她。故選A項(xiàng)。13.B

根據(jù)上文可知,這個(gè)陌生人付錢(qián)讓Hansle

Parchment及時(shí)趕到了賽場(chǎng),參加了半決賽,因此推斷他說(shuō)她對(duì)于他能夠進(jìn)入決賽是至關(guān)重要的。14.C

根據(jù)下文“for

her

to

see”可知,應(yīng)是把金牌遞給她看。故選C項(xiàng)。15.A

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文的“by

giving

Stojkovic

a

Jamaican

Olympic

polo

shirt”可知,Hansle

Parchment感激Stojkovic。16.C

根據(jù)上文“a

games

volunteer

who

paid

his

taxi

fare”和下文“the

money

she

had

given

him”可知,Hansle

Parchment償還了Stojkovic為他付的出租車(chē)錢(qián)。17.C

根據(jù)下文“Jamaica’s

Ministry

of

Tourism

sent

an

official

18

to

visit

the

island.”可知,感謝沒(méi)有停止,牙買(mǎi)加旅游部發(fā)出了官方邀請(qǐng)。

18.B

根據(jù)下文“to

visit

the

island”可知,牙買(mǎi)加旅游部發(fā)出訪問(wèn)該島的官方邀請(qǐng)。19.D

根據(jù)上文“posted

a

picture

of

herself”可知,Stojkovic穿著襯衫拍了一張照片。20.C

根據(jù)上文“by

giving

Stojkovic

a

Jamaican

Olympic

polo

shirt”可知,襯衫是Hansle

Parchment送給Stojkovic的禮物。真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)?經(jīng)典對(duì)練拿高分NO.3Group1A(2022全國(guó)乙卷)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout

1

someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably

2

athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

3

.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

4

asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour

5

researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

6

thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

7

satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor

8

.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

9

orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame

10

happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:

11

childrensaidthattheycouldn’t

12

toher.

Anumberof

13

ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects

14

thequestionsandknew

15

whatwasaskedofthem.Their

16

tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

17

that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply

18

mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our

19

suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod

20

whenothersuseit.

1.A.following

B.takingC.escaping D.directing2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quick3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced4.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted5.A.disappointing B.mixedC.surprising D.desired6.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested7.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor8.A.feet B.noseC.hands D.ears9.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool10.A.event B.thingC.action D.accident16.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity17.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose18.A.holdback B.relatetoC.insiston D.makeup19.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings20.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effective【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。學(xué)齡前兒童在玩捉迷藏的游戲時(shí),通常表現(xiàn)出“顧頭不顧尾”的滑稽樣子。之前這種行為被解釋為是“自我中心”的表現(xiàn),但最新的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,情況并非如此。1.C

根據(jù)常理可知,孩子們之所以喜歡玩“捉迷藏”的游戲,是因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們藏起來(lái)的時(shí)候,感覺(jué)自己能夠躲避(escaping)尋找者的目光,所以非常緊張刺激。2.B

根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知,學(xué)齡前兒童不善于(bad)隱藏。3.A

根據(jù)“cover

only

their

eyes”和生活常識(shí)可知,學(xué)齡前兒童在躲藏時(shí)往往只捂住自己的眼睛,卻把身體的其他部分暴露(exposed)出來(lái)。4.D

根據(jù)本句內(nèi)容可知,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái),兒童的這種無(wú)效躲藏的方式被解釋(interpreted)為“兒童是自我中心型生物”的證據(jù)。5.C

根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果是非常令人驚訝的(surprising)。6.C

根據(jù)下文實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論可知,這個(gè)結(jié)果與之前人們的想法是完全相反的(contradicted)。7.B

根據(jù)上文出現(xiàn)的“young

children”以及下文的“an

adult”可知,此處指的是小孩子(child)。8.D

根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“or

hear

the

adult”可知,此處指的是蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵(ears)。9.A

根據(jù)上文出現(xiàn)的“who

covered

her

own

eyes”可知,此處指的是看到(see)。10.B

根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)成年人捂上自己的嘴巴時(shí),相同的事情(thing)出現(xiàn)了。11.B

根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知,此刻(Now)孩子們的回答與反應(yīng)與之前完全相似。12.A

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“covered

her

own

mouth”可知,因?yàn)榇笕宋嬷彀?所以孩子們說(shuō)他們不能與大人講話(speak)。13.C

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,這是進(jìn)行的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),但是一次實(shí)驗(yàn)肯定不能得出結(jié)論,所以進(jìn)行很多次實(shí)驗(yàn)(experiments),排除了孩子們誤解問(wèn)題的可能性。19.D

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)或結(jié)果(findings),完全推翻了之前的結(jié)論。20.D

根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及上文出現(xiàn)的ineffective一詞可知,事實(shí)上,當(dāng)別人用這個(gè)方法時(shí),孩子們就會(huì)認(rèn)為這個(gè)方法是有效的(effective)。Eventually,Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch

8

atTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Theresearchteam

9

CanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdone

10

workoneyecareusingstemcells.Seeingarayofhope,Ms.Burdeyneybeganraising

11

fortheprojectwithafriend,TorontobusinessmanMeyerZeifman.

12

shehasraised$110,000withanother$40,000

13

.

“I’mtryingtogetmoreandmorepeopleto

14

thattherearesolutions(解決辦法),”saidMs.Burdeyney,atrainednursewhoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter

15

.“Isaythereisnoold

16

,there’sonlyneglect(忽視).Don’tstand

17

,dosomethingaboutit.”

Ms.Burdeyney

18

thatsheishopingtoraisemoremoneyfortheresearchproject.“Ijustwanttobring

19

intopeople’seyesandthisisjustthe

20

.”Thereisstillalongwaytogo.”

1.A.throat B.skinC.lungs D.eyes2.A.gettingover B.goingthroughC.holdingon D.passingdown3.A.story B.treatmentC.life D.relationship4.A.similar B.variousC.personal D.special5.A.turn B.peaceC.vain D.silence11.A.money B.standardsC.awareness D.questions12.A.Asever B.SofarC.Inreturn D.Onceagain13.A.wasted B.donatedC.expected D.earned14.A.imagine B.confirmC.remember D.understand15.A.retirement B.childbirthC.graduation D.marriage【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是患眼疾的老人

Burdeyney

努力為自己和其他遭受同樣問(wèn)題折磨的人帶來(lái)光明的故事。1.D

根據(jù)下文的“Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research”可知,此處表示Burdeyney女士的眼睛(eyes)開(kāi)始出問(wèn)題了。2.B

此處表示Burdeyney女士正在經(jīng)歷可怕的事情。go

through經(jīng)歷,遭受。3.C

此處表示她感到很無(wú)助和不安,因?yàn)樗纳?life)質(zhì)量受到了影響。4.A

此處表示Burdeyney女士和一些有相似(similar)問(wèn)題的朋友進(jìn)行了交談。5.D

根據(jù)下文的“Nobody

chooses

to

talk

about

it”可知,她發(fā)現(xiàn)他們很大程度上都一聲不吭地受著折磨。in

silence一聲不吭地。6.C

根據(jù)上文的“Nobody

chooses

to

talk

about

it”和下文的“But

more

and

more

are

suffering”可知,沒(méi)人選擇談?wù)撍?因?yàn)樗坪鹾芪⒉蛔愕馈?.A

根據(jù)上文的“But

more

and

more

are

suffering

and

lives

are

being”可知,越來(lái)越多的人在受折磨,而且生活也受到了損害。8.B

根據(jù)下文的“the

project”可知,此處表示Burdeyney女士了解到一個(gè)眼睛研究項(xiàng)目(program)的計(jì)劃。9.C

這個(gè)研究小組包括加拿大醫(yī)生Allan

Slomovic。10.D

根據(jù)下文的“Seeing

a

ray

of

hope”可知,通過(guò)使用干細(xì)胞,Allan

Slomovic在眼睛護(hù)理方面有了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的進(jìn)展。ground-breaking開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的,創(chuàng)新的,革新的。11.A

根據(jù)下文的“she

has

raised

$110,000

with

another

$40,000”可知,Burdeyney女士看到了一線希望,于是她開(kāi)始和一位朋友一起為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目籌款。12.B

迄今為止(So

far),她已經(jīng)籌集了110,000美元,預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)有40,000美元。13.C

參見(jiàn)上題解析。14.D

此處表示她正在努力讓越來(lái)越多的人明白還是有解決辦法的。15.A

根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭的“Beverley

Burdeyney

turned

seventy

four

last

year”和空前的

“a

trained

nurse

who

is

still

working

as

a

personal

trainer

after”可知,Burdeyney女士在退休(retirement)后依然當(dāng)私人教練。16.C

上文提到Burdeyney女士退休后仍然當(dāng)私人教練,因此此處表示她認(rèn)為沒(méi)有老年這一說(shuō)。17.B

根據(jù)上文提到的

Burdeyney女士的積極行為可知,此處表示不要一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地站著,要做點(diǎn)什么。18.D

Burdeyney女士補(bǔ)充說(shuō)(added)她希望為這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目做更多的事情。19.A

上文提到

Burdeyney女士有眼疾,再結(jié)合空后的“into

people’s

eyes”可知,此處表示她只是想為人們的眼睛帶來(lái)光明(light)。20.B

根據(jù)下文的“There

is

still

a

long

way

to

go”可知,此處表示這只是開(kāi)始(beginning)。Group2Ididn’t

5

havingatenserelationshipwithmybrotherbecauseIwasinvolvedatschool.

6

,Ithrewmyselfintotheworldofmusicals.Ipractisedsinginginthebedroomeverydaytoremainatmybestandbe

7

forroles;mybrotherwouldmeditateonawindowseat.Hemightfeelhighschoolwasalreadyhardenough

8

mynoisysinging.Sospacetopractisebecamea(n)

9

betweenusbecausewesharedaroom.

Atthestartofthesemester,Ipracticed“CircleofLife”foramusical.ThiswasthefirsttimeI

10

tolearnasong,becausemyvoicecracked(破音)asIswitchedtoaheadvoice.Iwasannoyedinthatperiodand

11

practising,declaringIhadreachedtheceilingofmysingingcareer.Forthefirsttimeinyearsmybrother

12

quietwhenIgothome.

1.A.mature B.differentC.content D.normal2.A.disliked B.preferredC.replaced D.abandoned3.A.writer B.leaderC.painter D.performer4.A.getalong B.dropbyC.showoff D.checkin5.A.try B.mindC.enjoy D.delay11.A.began B.allowedC.stopped D.continued12.A.hated B.experiencedC.accepted D.wanted13.A.help B.inviteC.join D.admire14.A.gracefully B.suddenlyC.fiercely D.cautiously15.A.limit B.sentenceC.mistake D.philosophy16.A.rude B.angryC.surp