呼吸系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)-李靜

TheRespiratorySystemILIJING，PhDDepartmentofAnatomyjing.li@Sep.15.2009Constituents:

RespiratorytractLungsGeneralDescriptionFunction:

Gasexchange

Pleuraandpluralcavity

MediastinumUpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynx

RespiratorytractLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchi1.ExternalnoseNasalpassage2.Nasalcavity

nasalvestibule(鼻前庭）propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔）nasalseptum（鼻中隔）lateralwallofnasalcavity3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（額竇）ethmoidalsinus（篩竇）sphenoidalsinus（蝶竇）maxillarysinus

（上頜竇）Back1.Externalnose鼻骨額骨上頜骨鼻側(cè)軟骨中隔軟骨鼻翼軟骨2.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasallimen鼻閾鼻咽LateralwallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔Thenasalseptum

（鼻中隔）ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer篩骨垂直板鼻中隔軟骨犁骨2.NasalcavityLittleregion2.NasalcavityLateralwall

Nasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)

Sphenoethmoidalrecess

(蝶篩隱窩)蝶篩隱窩上鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道中鼻道上鼻道2.NasalcavityLateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔

2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum篩漏斗

3.

Ethmoidalbulla篩泡

4.Nasolacrimalcanal

鼻淚管3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（額竇）ethmoidalsinus（篩竇）sphenoidalsinus（蝶竇）

maxillarysinus（上頜竇）額竇額竇額竇篩竇蝶竇上頜竇上頜竇篩竇Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3.ParanasalSinusesThebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinusesDecreasingtherelativeweightofthefrontoftheskull

IncreasingresonanceofthevoiceProvidingabufferagainstblowstotheface

Insulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.

Humidifyingandheatingofinhaledair

OlfactoryandrespiratoryregionNasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregion

respiratoryregionPosition:attheanteriorpartoftheneck from3~6cervicalvertebrae.Functions:respirationandphonationLarynxLarynxlaryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲狀