2022年英語四級(jí)真題

年6月四級(jí)真題第1套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouaregoingtowriteaproposaltoyourschoollibraryforimprovingitsservice.Youaretowriteaboutitscurrentproblemsandpossiblesolutionstotheseproblems.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Itstudiedtheeffectsofexerciseonsleep.B)Itsparticipantscamefromvariouswalksoflife.C)Itsfindingsconfirmedthoseofpreviousstudies.D)Itranforaslongassomethirtyyears.2. A)Eatingmorevegetablesinsteadofmeats.B)Drinkingwaterinsteadofbeverageswithaddedsugar.C)Consumingmoreenergydrinksandsportsdrinks.D)Formingthehabitofexercisingregularly.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)HeaskedthemabouthislostpaintingsB)Heknewtheowneroftwomissingpaintings.C)Helefthispaintingsatahighwayreststop.D)Hefoundtwo17th-centuryoilpaintings.4. A)Theyareimitations.B)Theyareoriginals.C)TheywerestolenbyanItalianboy.D)TheycamefromthesameartistQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Lookafterhergrandfather.B)Leavetheremoteclodregion.C)Savehersickgrandmother.D)Fleefromthethreatofbears.A)Shehastofaceacriminalcharge.B)Shewasfoundlyingmotionlessinthesnow.C)Shesearchedforherdaughterinfreezingcold.D)Sheworksinchildcareservices7. A)Shewasfoundinaforestafterthreedays.B)Shelaytotallyunconsciousforthreedays.C)ShesufferedfromtheeffectsofseverecoldD)Shewasfinallyrescuedbyherrelatives.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheshowsarealpassionfortakingphotos.B)Shehasjustreturnedfromherhometown.C)ShecomesfromthecityofCapeTown.D)Shehasatrulyamazingappearance.9. A)ItisasfamousasCapeTown.B)Ithasaflatsurfaceatthetop.C)Itisgreenandfreefrompollution.D)ItwasnamedbyEuropeansettlers.10.A)ShehasBritishancestors.B)Sheisofmixedblood.C)ShegrewupinIndia.D)Shespeaksseverallanguages.11.A)Itisanextremelyviolentsport.B)Itisbecominganationalsport.C)ItisoriginatedinNewZealand.D)Itismorepopularthanfootball.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Prepareastudyguide.B)Consulthisadvisors.C)Gooverhisnotesregularly.D)Takestress-reliefsessions.13.A)Hisworksheetsareterriblymessy.B)Hefindstheworkloadtooheavy.C)Hisstudyfolderisbadlydisorganized.D)Hehasdifficultytakingnotesquickly.14.A)Avisuallearner. C)Anorganizedlearner.B)Anemotionallearner. D)Alogicallearner.15. A)Arrangethemusingcolorandpictures.B)Restructuretheminalogicalway.C)Committhemtomemoryafterclass.D)Organizethemintoawell-connectedstory.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),c)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itismainlybasedonasociety'sreligion.B)Itisinterpreteddifferentlyindifferenttimes.C)Itisacodeofconductbasedonlawsandethics.D)Itisamoralprincipletoguidepeople'sbehavior.17.A)Itmayleadtomisunderstandingdespitegoodintentions.B)Itassumesthathumanbeingsareallgood-natured.CItmaysometimesproduceundesirableoutcomes.D)Itfailstoconsiderthecomplexityofhumanrelationships.18.A)Thegoldenruleisofteninconflictwithcertainlawsandethicalprinciples.B)Thegoldenrulemustsometimesgivewaytomoreimportantprinciples.C)Failuretofollowthegoldenrulemayleadtoviolationoflawsandethics.D)Observingthegoldenruleisthefirststeptobecomingaresponsiblecitizen.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ManyofthemfinditratherdifficulttomanageB)Theyhavenotseenasmuchdiversityasdesired.C)Manyofthemhaveanincreasinglydiversifiedstaff.D)Theyhavenotquitegraspedtheconceptofdiversity.20.A)Initiativestoachievediversityinlargecorporations.B)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofadiversifiedteam.C)People'sattitudestowardsdiversityattheworkplace.D)Innovativeideasandsolutionsresultingfromdiversity.21.A)PeopleprefertoworkwithteammemberssimilartothemselvesB)Employersattachgreatimportancetotheircorporations’diversity.C)Employersdifferfromemployeesintheirperspectivesondiversity.D)Doubtsaboutthepracticabilityofdiversityaregraduallydisappearing.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Choosingthebesttimeforsigningabusinesscontract.B)Changingone'sformofcommunicationfromtimetotime.C)Layingequalstressonwrittenandspokencommunication.D)Usingdifferentformsofcommunicationappropriately.23.A)Theyareregardedasseriouslybinding.B)Theyareseldomhonoredbybusinesspartners.C)Theyaretakenasmemosofunderstanding.D)Theyaretobeconfirmedinwrittenform.24.A)Ithasreachedthehighestlevelofevolution.B)Itplacesahighvalueonwrittencontracts.C)Itregardswrittencontractsasunalterable.D)Ithasseenadeclineinverbalagreements.25.A)Itsdetailscannotberenegotiated.B)Ithastobecarriedouttotheletter.C)Itstrengthensbusinesspartnerships.D)Itstermsmaynotbestrictlybinding.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Youmightthinkofyourteethastools,likebuilt-inknivesandforks,butiftheyaremeretools,whydotheyfeelpainandwouldn’titbebetteriftheycouldjust_26underanycondition?Inspiteofour27discomfort,itturnsoutthere’sagoodreasonourteetharesosensitive.Toothpainisa28mechanismthatensureswhenatoothisbeingdamagedwe'llnoticeanddosomethingaboutit.Ifweeatsomethingtoohotortoocold,orifthetoothisworndownenoughwherethetissue29isexposed,allofthosethingscausepain,andthenthepaincausesthepersonnottousethattoothtotryiprotectitalittlebitmore.Soit’sreallyaprotectivemechanismmorethananythingelse.Ifteethdidn'tfeelpain,wemight30_tousetheminsituationsthatdamagethem,andforhumans,damaging_31_teethisaproblembecause,unlikecrocodiles,wecan't32them.Teethhavethreelayers,onlyoneofwhich-theinnermostlayerofthetooth-canhurt,asthatlayerofthetooth“33bothbloodvesselsandnerves.Painistheonlyfeelingtowhichthenervesinthatlayerrespond.Whereaspeoplewithtoothsensitivitymaycomplain,forexample,oftoothpain34byheat.cold,thenervesintheinnerlayerdon'tsensetemperature.Rather,theyfeelpain,whichmaybe35with,say,drinkingsomethingverycold.A)adult E)continue I)emotional M)swallowB)associated F)defense J)implies N)triggeredC)chew G)dental K)mammal 0)underneathD)contains H)downward L)replaceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoitEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtodetermineifacompanyisagoodfitforyouOnpaper,thejobseemedperfectforme:Thepositionwascompletelyinlinewithmydegree,thedutiesandresponsibilitieswerecompatiblewithmyinterests,andtheofficemaintainedawellstockedkitchenthatwouldsatisfymyeverysnackdesire.Soundslikemydreamjob,right?Therewasonlyonesmallproblem:Isimplydidn’tgetalongwiththecompanyculture.Theyfavoredamorerigid,closed-door,corporateatmosphere,whileIwouldhavepreferredsomethingmorecollaborativeandopen.Theywerecompleteclockwatchers,whileIwouldhavelikedamoreflexibleschedule.Toputitplainly,wejustweren’tonthesamepage.Whenitcomestolookingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthatabigpartoftheinterviewprocessesinvolvesthecompanyevaluatingwhetherornotyou’reagoodfitfortheiropenrole.But,it'simportanttokeepinmindthattheemployerisn'ttheonlyonewhoneedstoidentifyagoodmatch-youshouldbelookingforthatsameexactthing.Companyculturecanhaveabigimpactonhowyoufeelaboutyourwork,soyouwanttomakesureyousignanofferletterwithanorganizationyou'retrulyexcitedabout.However,figuringoutwhatacompanyislikebeforeyouactuallyworktherecanbeabitofachallenge.Luckily,thereareafewthingsyoucandotodeterminewhetherornotacompanyisagoodfitforyou-beforeyoueversignyournameonthatdottedline.Firstofall,knowwhatyouwant.It’shardtomakeanydecisionswhenyoudon’treallyknow.Youmightthinkofyourteethastools,likebuilt-inknivesandforks,butiftheyaremeretools,whydotheyfeelpainandwouldn’titbebetteriftheycouldjust_26underanycondition?Inspiteofour27discomfort,itturnsoutthere’sagoodreasonourteetharesosensitive.Toothpainisa28mechanismthatensureswhenatoothisbeingdamagedwe'llnoticeanddosomethingaboutit.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtodetermineifacompanyisagoodfitforyouOnpaper,thejobseemedperfectforme:Thepositionwascompletelyinlinewithmydegree,thedutiesandresponsibilitieswerecompatiblewithmyinterests,andtheofficemaintainedawellstockedkitchenthatwouldsatisfymyeverysnackdesire.Soundslikemydreamjob,right?Therewasonlyonesmallproblem:Isimplydidn’tgetalongwiththecompanyculture.Theyfavoredamorerigid,closed-door,corporateatmosphere,whileIwouldhavepreferredsomethingmorecollaborativeandopen.Theywerecompleteclockwatchers,whileIwouldhavelikedamoreflexibleschedule.Toputitplainly,wejustweren’tonthesamepage.Whenitcomestolookingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthatabigpartoftheinterviewprocessesinvolvesthecompanyevaluatingwhetherornotyou’reagoodfitfortheiropenrole.But,it'simportanttokeepinmindthattheemployerisn'ttheonlyonewhoneedstoidentifyagoodmatch-youshouldbelookingforthatsameexactthing.Companyculturecanhaveabigimpactonhowyoufeelaboutyourwork,soyouwanttomakesureyousignanofferletterwithanorganizationyou'retrulyexcitedabout.However,figuringoutwhatacompanyislikebeforeyouactuallyworktherecanbeabitofachallenge.Luckily,thereareafewthingsyoucandotodeterminewhetherornotacompanyisagoodfitforyou-beforeyoueversignyournameonthatdottedline.Firstofall,knowwhatyouwant.It’shardtomakeanydecisionswhenyoudon’treallyknowwhatyou'relookingfor.Sobeforeyoucandeterminewhetheryouandaspecificcompanywouldbecompatibletogether,it’simportanttohaveasolidhandleonwhatexactlyyouwantfromyouremployer.Manyofushaveaneasiertimeidentifyingthethingsthatweabsolutelydon'twant.Ifthosearetheonlythingsyoucanthinkof,don’tworry!That’sstillagoodplacetostart.Startbywritingdownthethingsyoudidn'tlikeaboutpreviousemployers,aswellasthepartsyoureallyvalued.There’snowronganswerhere-sofrombigthingstosmalldetails,writethemalldownonyourlist.Thiswillhelpyouimmediatelyidentifywhatyou’relookingforinanorganization,aswellasthethingsyou’retryingtostayfar,farawayfrom.Makesuretodoyourresearch.Nowcomesthepartwhenyouputonyourdetectivehatanddoalittledigging.TheInternetwillbeyourbestfriendwhenyou’retryingtofamiliarizeyourselfwithacompany’sculturebeforeeverwalkingthroughtheirofficedoors.Andwhereexactlyshouldyoulookforthesecultureclues?Startwiththemostobviousplacefirst:thecompany'swebsite.Readthroughtheircopyandblog.Dotheyuseformal,directlanguage?Orisitcasual,conversational,andmaybeevenalittlehumorous?Thiscanbeabigindicatorofwhatsortofatmospherethecompanyistryingtocultivate.Next,turnyourattentiontowardtheirsocialmediaoutlets.Aretheysharingphotosoftheirteam’sThursdayafternoonbarbecueorHalloweencostumecontest?Oraretheirsocialmediaaccountsstrictlyreservedforcompany-relatedannouncementsandproductlaunches?AnindustryreviewwebsitelikeGlassdoorisanotherspottocheckinordertofindsomeinsiderinformationaboutwhatyoucanexpectaboutacompany.However,remembertotakethereviewsyoureadwithagrainofsalt-manyofthemarewrittenbyscorned(被鄙視的)employees.Finally,youcanneverfailwithpersonalconnections.SendaquickmessagetoacurrentorpreviouscompanyemployeeonLinkedInorbyemailandaskiftheywouldbewillingtohaveaquickconversationwithyouabouttheorganizationingeneral.Ifyougetayestoyourrequestforachat,you'llbearmedwithsomeprettypowerfulandhelpfulinformationheadingintoyourinterview!Learnmorebyaskingquestions.Youknowthatpartattheendofajobinterviewwhenthehiringmanagerasksifyouhaveanyquestions,andyoujuststareacrossthetableblanklywithyourmouthhangingopen?That'stheperfectopportunitytospeakupandgetyourburningcompanyculturequestionsanswered!Soyes,youcandefinitelyaskyourintervieweraboutwhatit'sliketoworkforthatparticularorganization.Simplequestionslike,“Whatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribetheculturehere?”or“What'syourfavoritepartaboutworkingforthiscompany?"canrevealalotaboutwhatit’sreallylikebehindcloseddoors.Prioritizeyourvalues.Whatdoesmydreamcompanyculturelooklike?Well,IcouldcomeandgoasIplease,aslongasIwasgettingtheworkdone.Mybosswouldgenuinelylistentoandvalueallofmyideasandsuggestions.Myco-workerswouldallbefriendlywithoneanother,withouteverfallingintotheofficegossiptrap.Thekitchenwouldhaveendlessoptionsofpizzaandcookies.Oh,andthey'dgivemetwomonthsofpaidvacationwithaverygeneroussalary.Whataremychancesoffindingallofthosethingswithoneemployer?Slimtonone-believeme,I’velooked.Thisiswhyit'ssoimportanttoknowwhichaspectsofacompany’scultureyouvaluemost.Isitanopencommunicationstyleoraflexibleschedule?Focusonthetopspotsonyourprioritylist,andensureapotentialemployeratleastchecksthoseboxes.Unfortunately,thisisreality,youcan’thaveeverythingyouwantbutafewarecertainlyachievable.Whenyou'rehuntingforanewjob,youalreadyknowthattheemployeristryingtodecidewhetherornotyou'reagoodfitfortheposition.Butyoushouldalsolookattheprocessthroughasimilarlens.Youmaynotbetheoneconductingtheactualinterview,butyou’restilltryingtodeterminewhetherornotcompanyisagoodfitforyou.Keepthesetipsinmindtofigureoutwhetheryouandapotentialemployerareaperfectmatchorjustarecipe(方案)fordisaster.Afterall,it’sagoodthingtoknowbeforeactuallyacceptinganoffer.36.Cluesaboutthecultureofacompanycanbefoundonitswebsite.37.Itcanbedifficulttoknowtherealsituationinacompanyuntilyoubecomepartofit.38.Itisimpossibleforajobapplicanttohaveeveryexpectationmet.39.Simplybyreadingitsdescription,theauthorfoundthejobofferedideal.40.Jobapplicantsareadvisedtomakeawrittenlistoftheirlikesanddislikesintheirpreviousemployment.41.Attheendofaninterview,ajobapplicantshouldseizetheopportunitytogetanswerstotheirurgentquestions.42.Tobeginwith.jobapplicantsshouldbeclearwhattheyexpectfromtheirfutureemployer.43.Jobapplicantsshouldreadwithacriticaleyewhatiswrittenaboutacompanyonthewebsite44.Jobsatisfactionhasalottodowithcompanyculture.45.Achatwithaninsiderofacompanycangivejobapplicantsveryusefulinformationwhentheyprepareforaninterview.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlineclassesbegantobepopularizedjustafewdecadesago.Theyareadvertisedasawayforadultstofinishtheireducationandstudentstolearnthematerialattheirownpace-itisfarmorecompatibleforpeoplewithbusyschedules.Butafterbeingenrolledinanonlinecourselastfallsemester.Icametorealizeonlineclassesweremerelyameanstofulfilcourserequirements.Firstofall,studentslackthedesiretolearn,andtheysimplycompletetheirassignmentstoreceivecreditforapassinggraderatherthangenuinelyengagewiththecoursematerial.Asonlinecoursestendtohavemorethan100students,mostoftheassignmentsareshortandsimple.Theyarenotdesignedforstudentstointeractwiththematerialindepthbutdesignedtobegradedeasilytoaccommodatesuchalargenumberofstudents.Perhapsthebiggestdisadvantageoftakinganonlineclassistheabsenceofface-to-faceinteractionbetweentheteacherandtheirstudents.Livesessionsareinfrequentandareoftenscheduledduringthemiddleofthedaywhenstudentshavetoattendotherclassesorwork.Theofficehoursoftheprofessormayalsobeduringinconvenienttimesformanystudentsaswell.Mostinteractionwiththeprofessorhastobethroughemailwhichisoftenimpersonal.Itisnearlyimpossibleforstudentstobuildarelationshipwiththeirprofessor.Thereisalsolittleinteractionamongststudents.Itcanbeharderforstudentstocreatestudygroupsandformrelationshipswiththeirpeers.Onlineclassesalsorequireeitheracomputerorlaptopandareliableinternetconnection.Notallstudentshaveaccesstothesetypesofresources,whetheritisforfinancialorotherreasons,andsomestudentscanbeputatadisadvantage.Offeringonlineclassescertainlyhelpsstudentswhowouldotherwisenotbeabletoattendclassroomsessions.However,theyfailtoprovideagenuineeducationwithanemphasisonconvenienceratherthancriticalthinking.Weneedrestructuredonlineclassesinwhichstudentscanhavealearningexperiencethatwillactuallyprovidequalityeducation.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstudentsenrolledinonlineclasses?A)Theycanaccesscoursematerialseasily.Theyareunmotivatedtolearn.Theycanlearnattheirownpace.D)Theyrarelyfulfilthecourserequirements.47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofonlinecourseassignments?A)Theyaremadeconvenienttomark.B)Theyaremeanttofacilitateinteraction.C)Theyarebasedoneasilyaccessiblematerial.D)Theyaregiventoaccommodatestudents’needs.48.Whatdoestheauthorsayisonedisadvantageofonlineclasses?A)Theyarefrequentlyscheduledatirregulartimes.B)Theymakeprofessors’officesmuchlessaccessibleC)Theytendtoincreaseprofessors’burdenofrespondingtostudents’emails.D)Theyprovidelittlechanceforstudentstobuildrelationshipswitheachother.49.Whatproblemmayariseifclassesgoonline?A)Morestudentsmayfinditeasytobeabsentfromthem.B)Teacherswillworryaboutpoorinternetconnections.C)Somestudentsmayhavedifficultyattendingthem.D)Schoolswithlimitedresourceswillbeatadisadvantage.50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkconstitutesakeypartofgenuineeducation?A)Acquisitionofusefulknowledge.B)Trainingofreal-lifeskillsoncampus.C)Developmentofstudents’personalities.D)Cultivationofanalyticalthinkingability.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheageoftheinternet,there’snosuchthingasaprivatedebate.Butisthatbadforscience?Somescientistshavehadconcerns.Whendebatesinanysectormovebeyondthehallsofuniversitiesandgovernmentagencies,there'spotentialforinformationtobeusedincorrectly,leadingtopublicconfusion;yet,opendebatecanalsopromotecommunicationbetweenthescientificcommunityandthepublic.Recentopendebatesonscientificresearch,health,andpolicyhavearousedgreaterpublicattentionandencouragedmorediversevoices.Ifthistrendspursscientiststoagreemorequicklyaboutthebestsolutionstoourproblems-andatthesametimehelpsthepublicobservetheprocessofscientificdiscoursemoreclearly-thenthisisgoodforeveryone,includingscientists.ArecentdebatepublishedinTheNewYorkTimesdiscussedthequestionofhowquicklymedicineshouldbedevelopedandproduced.Issuessuchassafetyoftheproductandperceptionofthepublicwereexaminedandconsidered.Butsomeexpertsworriedthatsuchpublicspeculationmightleadpeopletobelievethatdisagreementaboutthedetailsmeantalackofadequatescientificconsensusoverthesafetyandefficiencyofmodern-daymedicine.Theanxietyseemsmispla