全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽寫作部分解題技巧與評(píng)析(閱卷老師經(jīng)驗(yàn)談)

大英競(jìng)賽寫作部分解題技巧與評(píng)析全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中的作文測(cè)試由兩部分構(gòu)成，分別是一篇120詞左右的應(yīng)用文與一篇150詞左右的看圖作文，分值各為10分與20分。書面表達(dá)是考核學(xué)生語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力的一種題型，也是各級(jí)、各類考試中考生感到最難、最沒(méi)有把握的項(xiàng)目之一。全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽要求考生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成兩篇不同體裁的文章，其難度可想而知。一、應(yīng)用文寫作的技巧與注意事項(xiàng)應(yīng)用文是我們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中處理事務(wù)、商洽工作所必需的常用文體，具有很高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。應(yīng)用文的命題形式主要為私人信件、備忘錄、報(bào)告、便條。所涉及的內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于日常交際與生活方面的，諸如寫信就某事表示感謝、求助或道歉，因產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)而寫信投訴或索賠；就某些事務(wù)活動(dòng)，如開會(huì)、購(gòu)買物品等，寫個(gè)備忘錄或報(bào)告；留言或出售物品的便條；應(yīng)聘、求職方面的信函。從形式上來(lái)看，應(yīng)用文的寫作都有一定的格式。由于平時(shí)練習(xí)較少，大多數(shù)考生對(duì)此題型較為陌生，寫作中存在的主要問(wèn)題除了語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤之外還突出表現(xiàn)在：不熟悉英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文的行文格式；語(yǔ)域運(yùn)用能力差（語(yǔ)域指在書面語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中根據(jù)不同的交際對(duì)象，所采用的話語(yǔ)方式，即正式、一般、非正式的話語(yǔ)等）?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)，應(yīng)用文的寫作要遵循“五個(gè)C”的原則，causesmanykindsofdiseases.Thedangerofsmokingiswarnedofeverywhere.Besides,manyfiresarecausedbycarelesssmokers.Asyourroommateswearesometimesreallyannoyedbyyoursmoking.Today,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizetheharmofsmokinganddecidetogiveitup.Ontheotherhand,manypeoplefinditdifficulttostopsmoking.However,weareshowinggreatconfidencetoyou.Sincewehavebeentogetherfortwoyears,weknowthatyouareadeterminedperson.Onceyousetagoalyouwilltryeverymeanstorealizeit.Thistimewearesurethatyouwillgiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.Sincerelyyours,LiMing二、看圖作文的寫作技巧與注意事項(xiàng)看圖作文的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)就是審題，也就是從圖畫提供的有關(guān)信息中提煉出觀點(diǎn)。這種觀點(diǎn)或者是對(duì)圖表信息的概括，或者是依據(jù)圖表信息對(duì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。圖畫作文的關(guān)鍵是，不能就事論事，不能畫了什么就只談什么，而要善于就圖畫反映的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行探討。審題構(gòu)思時(shí)要注意提綱要求、圖畫寓意和情景說(shuō)明，三個(gè)角度都考慮到位了，再通過(guò)象征聯(lián)想原則，把畫面信息放大，聯(lián)想到畫面細(xì)節(jié)所象征的特殊意義。創(chuàng)作時(shí)往往采取三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合提綱嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)創(chuàng)作。第一段為圖畫描述段，詳細(xì)描述圖畫信息，爭(zhēng)取能把各種細(xì)節(jié)一網(wǎng)打盡，但不能隨意聯(lián)想到畫面以外的東西。第二段往往為意義闡釋段，要點(diǎn)出畫面信息所象征的抽象意義，指出圖畫/諷刺畫所傳達(dá)出的真正涵義。第三段往往是建議措施段或者舉例論證段。現(xiàn)以2006年A級(jí)決賽題為例予以說(shuō)明。Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteacompositionto1)describethepicture,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytofindhappiness.Youshouldwriteabout150words.NowwritethecompositionontheAnswerSheet.按照寫作指令的要求，這篇作文應(yīng)當(dāng)包括三部分，即：1.描述圖中的內(nèi)容(describethepicture)；2.解釋畫面的含義(interpretitsmeaning)；3.給出你的建議(giveyoursuggestion)——你認(rèn)為獲得幸福的最佳途徑是什么。【參考范文】WealthandHappinessDifferentpeoplemayhavedifferentanswerstotheconceptofhappiness.Theyoungmaninthepictureisthinkingofthisquestion:wealth,loveorhealth?Differentchoicesmayleadtodifferentgoalsinourlife.Inmyopinion,thebestwayoffindinghappinessliesinwealth.Why?Everybodywantstogetwealth.Intoday’smaterialworld,makingmoneyorbecomingwealthysymbolizesaperson’ssuccessandcapability.Manypeoplejustmakeeveryeffort;payanypricetoattaingreaterwealth.Peoplecannotdoanythingwithoutmoney,butmoneyisnoteverything.Whatmoneywillbringyoudependsonyourpersonalbeliefandgoalinlife.Ifyouarekindenoughtohelpothers,especiallythepoor,moneyisagoodthingtoyou.Withit,youcandomuchmoreforthebenefitofpeopleandyourcountry,anditwilladdtoyourownhappiness.Ifyouwantmoneyjustforyourownneeds,you’llneverbesatisfiedorhappy.Inaword,youshouldhavemoneyspentformorepeople,onlythencanmoneybethesourceofyourhappiness.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：WritingTaskIDirections:ThereisanerrorinanEnglishmagazinethatyoufeelmustbecorrected.Writealettertotheeditorto1)pointoutthemistake;2)suggestthecorrection;3)expressyourinterestinthemagazine.Youshouldwriteabout120words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.TaskIIDirections:Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticle,whichshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:1)Interpretthemessageconveyedbythepicture;2)makeyourcommentsonwhatisrepresented.Nowwriteacompositionofabout150words.大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽寫作部分解題技巧與評(píng)析參考答案TaskIDearEditor,I’maloyalChinesereaderofyourmagazineGlobalTraveling.IhavereadthearticleentitledAWindowtotheOutsideWorldthatappearedinthelatestissue.InthisarticletheauthormentionedthatbothLiBaiandSuDongpoweregreatpoetsintheSongDynasty.ButactuallythisisnotthecaseandLiBaiisoneofthegreatestfiguresintheTangDynasty.Ithinkthispointshouldbemadecleartothereaderstoavoidconfusingandmisleading.GlobalTravelingismyfavoritemagazineandIhavebeenreadingitforfiveyears.I’mfondoftravelinganditcanbroadenourhorizonandIcangetalotoffun.Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworldbymyself.Yourmagazinehashelpedmetorealizemydreamtosomeextent.Ienjoythebigpicturesinitandtheyaresoappealingtome.Moreover,thelanguageissoidiomaticthatmyEnglishhasdramaticallyimprovedunconsciously.Inaword,nowordscanexpressmygratitudetoyourmagazine.Bestwishestoyouandyourmagazine!Sincerelyyours,LiMingTaskIILifelongEducationThepictureshowsthatmanypeoplearebusygoingtoattenddifferentclassestoenrichtheirmind.Nowadayswiththedevelopmentoftheincreasinglycompetitivesociety,manypeoplefeelthenecessitytofurthertheirstudyindifferentareas.LifelongeducationisbecomingafashioninChina.Knowledgeispower.Everybodyknowsitandthemainwayforustogainknowledgeisfromlearning.Educationisnotanend,butameanstoanend.Inotherwords,ourpurposeistobefitforlife.Insomemoderncountriesithasbeenfashionabletothinkthatlifelongeducationforallcansolvetheproblemsofsocietyandbuildaperfectnation.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtobefitforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworkissuitedtoourbrainsandabilityand,secondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety.