牛津深圳版七年級上下冊英語-語法教案及練習：第4講-介詞

牛津深圳版七年級上下冊英語語法教案及練習專題學習-代詞【導入】FunnystoryAnOldWomanandaBoyAnoldwomanwantstogotoNewYorktoseeherson.Shegetsupearlyandgetstothestationatnineo’clockinthemorning.Whendoesthetraincomeandleave?Sheisveryworried.Shestopsaboyandaskshim.Theboylooksatthewomanandsays,“tu:tu:tu:”.Theoldwomansitsinachairandthinksandthinks.Thenshesays,”O(jiān)h,Isee.”【重點講解】介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立充當句子成分，需與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配，才能在句子中充當成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。知識點1介詞的分類分類說明例詞按照構(gòu)詞分類簡單介詞由一個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞at在……;before在…..之前，beside…旁邊;between在…中間；for為了，對于;in在…里面，by在……附近;on在……上;with和……，用……合成介詞由兩個詞合成在一起構(gòu)成的介詞into到……里;inside在……里面;onto在之上;nearby在……附近;without沒有，不;within在……之內(nèi)短語介詞由一個詞組構(gòu)成的，起介詞作用的短語from...to到……里，inside在…….里面，;becauseof因為:infrontof在……中間nextto緊挨著;inthemiddle在……..中間按照詞義分類時間介詞after在……之后;at在……(點)，before在……之前;by到…...;during在……期間;;in在……(段));until直到…地點介詞above在……上方;among在……中間;behind在……后面;below在……下方;off從……離開;above:在……正上方;under在……下面方向介詞across橫穿……;into到……里;onto到……之上;through穿過……，to到；;towards朝方式介詞by借助，in用，with用……其他介詞beside:包括……在內(nèi);except除了……;dueto由于…;insteadof而不是知識點2時間介詞介詞用法例句/常用短語at①表示在某個時刻或是瞬間②用在節(jié)假日前表示“在……期間”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具體的某一天或具體到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+時間段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般將來時態(tài)inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback____________________(兩個小時后).during在……期間duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具體時刻”表示“在……之后”②“after+時間段”不與將來時連用。afterthreeo’clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive______(after/in)anhour.since后接時間點或過去時的句子，表示“自從……以來”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接時間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時間”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持續(xù)到某個時候②not…until…意為“直到……才”Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom…to…意為“從……到……”WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示“在……之前”、“不遲于”②表示“到……為止”Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow練一練：1.Childrengetgifts____Christmas(圣誕節(jié))and____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since3.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during4.Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of5.Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still6.Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on7.Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at知識點3地點、方位介詞介詞圖示意義例句1in在……之內(nèi)Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.學生們在教室里讀書。2on在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那條船在河上。3beneath在……下面(緊貼著表面)Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太陽此刻落到地平線下了。4over在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好幾座橋。5under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在橋下行駛。6above在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飛機在云上飛行。7below在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太陽沉沒在地平線下。8by/beside在……旁邊Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。9near在……附近Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽車，因為我住在靠近市中心。介詞圖示意義例句10nextto緊挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.上課時我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。12outside在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽車停在劇場外面。13to到……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我們步行到水果店。14from從……來WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round圍繞……Weallsataroundthetable.我們都圍繞著桌子坐。16between在……之間（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之間。17among在……之間（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在樹叢中。18across橫過、越過(從表面跨過)Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit.如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。19through穿過……(從內(nèi)部穿過)Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我們開車穿過了隧道。20past/by從旁邊經(jīng)過/路過……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。21onto到……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人們把籃子運上卡車。22into到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他們把蘋果放進籃子里。23outof從……出來Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上課時不要朝窗外看。24along沿著Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到郵局。at,in,on表示地點的用法：①at表地點時，指空間位置上的某一點，后面常接小地方。atthebusstop；②in表地點時，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。inshanghai；③on表地點時，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范圍之內(nèi)用in；②相鄰、接壤用on；③不相鄰或隔海相望用to。知識點4手段、方法介詞介詞用法例句/常用短語by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.：“通過某種方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+語言類名詞：“用某種語言”②in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don’twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具：“用某種工具或材料”②withthehelpof…：“在……的幫助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通過某個設(shè)備Helistenstomusicontheradio.知識點5其他常用介詞介詞用法例句/常用短語about①大約②“關(guān)于”，只表示“和……有關(guān)”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性，是嚴肅的和學術(shù)性的It’sabookonanimals.這是一本論及動物的書。(學術(shù)專著)like“像……一樣”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作為；以……的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.except“除……之外”，指從整體中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing.（李明不在這兒）besides“除……之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“沒有”，常作狀語Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for①表示目的，意為“為了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“離開，脫離”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠著；反對Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof“代替”IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因為……”，表示原因Ididn’tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.【課堂小結(jié)】介詞的分類:________________________________________________時間介詞:________________________________________________地點，方位介詞:________________________________________________表示方法，手段介詞:________________________________________________其他常見介詞:________________________________________________【真題鏈接】()1.AstwowomenwalkedintoaNewJerseyhospital,theylaughed.Itshowedthelovethathadheldthemtogether__26__fortyyearsasbestfriends.A.inB.forC.sinceD.with()2.Icouldn’tdoit________yourgreathelp.Thanksalot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to()3.Thesmallerpotatoesmovedtothebottom,thelargerpotatoesrosetothetopandthemediumpotatoesrested13themiddle.A．on B．in C．with D．buy()4.“Goandmakemeacupofteaforastart,__8__sugarandmilk,”Grandmasaid.

A.inB.withC.ofD.for【實戰(zhàn)演練】選擇正確答案()1.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake.A.across B.under C.over D.through()2.HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina.A.to B.inC.on D.at()3.Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him.A.atthetopof B.attheendof C.inthemiddleof D.infrontof()4.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork______underground.A.in B.with C.by D.for()5.Gina,what’sthis______English? A.by B.for C.in D.with()6.Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside. A.by B.to C.for D.with()7.—Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthin______longhair.A.in B.with C.on D.for()8.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem______foodorclothing. A.in B.with C.about D.for閱讀理解AOnedayJohntooktwoofhisfriendsintothemountains.Theyputuptheirtents(帳篷)andthenrodeofftoaforesttoseehowthetreesweregrowing.Intheafternoonwhentheywereabouttenkilometresfromtheircamp(營地),itstartedtosnow.Moreandmoresnowfell.SoonBobcouldhardlyseehishandsbeforehisface.Hecouldnotfindtheroad.Johnknewthereweretworoads.Oneroadwenttothecamp,andtheotherwenttohishouse.Butallwaswhitesnow.Everythingwasthesame.Howcouldhetakehisfriendsbacktothecamp?Johnhadanidea.Thehorses!Letthehorsestakethemback!Butwhatwouldhappenifthehorsestooktheroadtohishouse?Thatwouldbeatripofthirty-fivekilometresinsuchcoldweather!Itwasgettinglate.Theyrodeon(一直騎)andon.Atlastthehorsesstopped.Wherewerethey?Noneofthemcouldtell.Johnlookedaround（環(huán)顧四周）.Whatwasthatunderthetree?Itwasoneoftheirtents!()1.Johnandhistwofriendswenttotheforestto____. A.buildtheircampB.findtheirwayhome C.enjoythemountainsinthesnowD.watchthetreesintheforest()2.Theycouldnotfindtheirwaybackbecause____. A.therewasonlyoneroadtotheircamp B.theycouldn'tdecidewhichofthetworoadsledtotheirtents C.therewerenoroadsinthemountainsatall D.everythingwascoveredbythewhitesnow()3.Itisclearthattheywantedthehorsestotakethemto____. A.John'shouse

B.thecampC.theforest

D.themountains()4.Thehorsesstoppedbecause____.A.itwasgettinglateB.theyweretiredafterrunningforalongwayC.theyknewthattheyhadgottothecampD.theyhadseenJohn'shouse()5.Thestoryhappened____.A.onacoldwinterdayB.onadarksnowyeveningC.inacoldcampfarfromvillagesD.atnightwhennothingcouldbeseenBMr.Johnswentintohisteashopagainonemorning,andsatononeoftheseatsatthecounter(柜臺).Manyotherpeoplealsocamein,butmostofthemdidnotstaylong.Afterfifteenminutes,ayoungmanandayoungwomancamein.Therewereonlytwoemptyseatsatthecounter;oneonMr.Johns’left,andtheotheronhisright.Theyoungmansatonone,andtheyoungwomanontheother,butMr.Johnsimmediately(立刻)askedtochangeplaceswithhimsothatthemanandthewomancouldbetogether.“Oh,thatisn’tnecessary(需要),”theyoungwomansaid.ButMr.Johnsinsisted(堅持).Whentheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanweresittingsidebyside,theyoungmansaidtoher,“well,thiskindoldmanwantedustosittogether,somayIintroduce(介紹)myself?Myname’sjack.What’syours?”()1.OnemorningMr.Johnscameintotheteashopand_______________.A.satclosetothecounterB.foundnoseatforhimtositonbecausemanypeoplecamealsoC.seemedtostaylongerthanalltheotherpeopleD.gavehisseattotheyoungmanandtheyoungwomen()2.Aftertheyoungmanandtheyoungwomancamein______________.A.Mr.JohnsthoughttheycametooearlyB.Mr.JohnsthoughttheywerefriendsorhusbandandwifeC.TheyoungmanaskedMr.JohnstochangeplacesD.theywantedtobetogether()3.Whentheyoungwomansaid,“thatisn’tnecessary.”Mr.Johns_______________.A.didn’tunderstandherB.knewwellwhatshemeantC.wasafraidnottochangeplaceswithherD.decidedtostayalittlelonger()4.___________________beforeMr.Johnsmetthemintheteashop.A.TheyoungmangottoknowtheyoungwomanoutsideB.Theyoungmanandtheyoungwo