2021屆高考英語語法填空之介詞與冠詞

2021屆高考英語語法填空之介詞與冠詞一：基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)無單詞提示主要考查考生對(duì)語篇的理解和邏借關(guān)系的把握以及對(duì)固左搭配和常見句式的掌握程度：考查的內(nèi)容主要是介詞、冠詞、代詞、連詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連接代詞和連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞以及句式：因?yàn)闆]有提示詞，考生需要根據(jù)文章大意和上下文語境以及對(duì)長難句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析來判斷設(shè)空處在句子中的功能，以確定其詞性和意義，最后確左內(nèi)容。［解題模板］Step1分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定是哪類詞Step2思考1根據(jù)句子本身的含義，填寫介詞、冠詞或者代詞思考2分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看看是否需要填寫連詞思考3根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系、固圮搭配、固左句型等填寫適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1.填介詞如果名詞或者代詞在句子中不作主語、表語或者動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，英前而一般是填介詞。高考通?？紪私樵~與動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者鋼詞的搭配。做題時(shí)應(yīng)該先根據(jù)上下文和句意推斷岀設(shè)空處的具體意思，然后根據(jù)熟記的短語來確左要填的詞。在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中應(yīng)注意對(duì)短語的歸納、積累、比較和記憶。典例1:Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer thisquestionisnotclear.［解題步驟］分析句子成分-空格后是拿詞-判斷應(yīng)該用介詞根據(jù)空格前名詞answer—*確定答案嘗試解答：【0典例2:Iwassearching thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.［解題步驟］分析句子成分-空格后中心詞是需詞gorillas-*判斷應(yīng)該用介詞根據(jù)固左搭配searchfor...—＞確宦答案嘗試解答：for2.填冠詞如果空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或者特指含義，或者有序數(shù)詞、最髙級(jí)、表示特指意義的比較級(jí)等形式，那么，這個(gè)空格處要填寫冠詞。典例1：Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover past25years.whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.［解題步驟］分析句子-空格處缺少冠詞根據(jù)固立搭配overthepast+-段時(shí)間-確左答案嘗試解答：」hc_典例2:Unexpectedly,I'mface—to—facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat topofherlungs.［解題步驟］分析句子-空格處缺少冠詞根拯固左搭配atthetopof—*■確定答案嘗試解答：(he二：真題梳理DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry_1?has_grown__(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover_2.thC—past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis,3-actually (actual)behindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcom'srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_4.to_improvc_(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater_5.than—riceandcreateslessfertilizer((L月巴)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased_6.pollution (pollute)inthecoimtr/smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople?AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal_7?globa—(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_8.started,(start)asoil—testingprogram_9」hat/which_givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Tiiatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile1().feeding仗ed)itscitizens"offersusefilllessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。中國近年來根據(jù)人們的膳食變化調(diào)整農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)，為全球生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)做岀了貢獻(xiàn)。解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由時(shí)間狀語since2011可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語thecountry是第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用hasgrown。解析：考查固定搭配中的定冠詞。overthepast25years在過去的25年里。解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。修飾bebehindthechange用形容詞actual的副詞形式actuallyo解析：考査非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不圮式。此處表示“政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是水稻來改善水質(zhì)”，故用不泄式作目的狀語。解析：考査介詞。由句中的比較級(jí)less可知，此處將玉米和水稻進(jìn)行比較，故填than。解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~。decrease“降低，減少“，后接名詞作賓語，pollute的名詞形式是pollutiona解析：考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。修飾爼詞短語fertilizerconsumption應(yīng)用形容詞，冬詞globe的形容詞形式是globaL解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。由2005可知事情發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用start的過去式startedo解析：考査引導(dǎo)泄語從句的關(guān)系代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)泄語從句，修飾指物的asoil—testingprogram且在從句中作主語，故用that或which<.解析：考査非謂語動(dòng)詞之現(xiàn)在分詞。China與feed是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞"形式作狀語。四：課后練習(xí)(A)Caffeine,achemicaltypicallyfoundincoffee,hascausedalotofconcernbecauseitisoneofthefewdrugsthatshowupregularlyinourfoodsupply.YouprobablyL (use)caffeinesincechildhood.Caffeine_2,__(be)inyourfirstCoke.Ifyoueverenjoyedachocolatebar.youatecaffeine?Softdrinksarethemajorsource(來源)ofcaffeineformostchildrenandevensomeadults, (recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange?apple.andotherflavoreddrinks.Smallamountsofcaffeine—acup_4? —twoofcoffeeaday—seemsafeformostpeople?However$omcpeoplehavetroublewithevensmallamounts?Onecupofcoffee_5. __thelateafternoonoreveningwillcause_6? —(they)tostayawakealmostallnight.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem_7. (call)caffeinism.Yougetverynervousandyoucan*tsleep.Itispossible__caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.Onestudyshowedthat_9. _(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee,likeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikely_10? (have)childrenwithbirthdefects.參考答案：1.havebeenusing/liaveused2?Was3.recently4?or5?In6?them7.called8.That9?Women10.tohave(B)TwoyearsafterannouncingstrictvolunteerrequirementsfortheTokyo2020Olympicsand]_(realize)theycouldnotgetenoughhelpforfree.theJapaneseministryhasinsteadturnedtouniversitiesandtheirgreathuman2(resource).InthepastfewweeksjoencouragestudentstovolunteerfortheOlympics,alargenumberofuniversities3(begin)toofferacademiccredits.Accordingtoasurvey,64percentofuniversitiesinTokyo_both4(nation)andprivate—arenowconsideringthatoption.Whilerewardingstudentvolunteers5creditstoadvancetheirundergraduateprograms6_(be)anicegesture,themovealsomakesclearthattheOlympicCommitteedoesnotwanttopayforhighly-skilledindividuals7mustspeakaforeignlanguage,andworkovertenfulldays...Nottomentionthattheymustpass8interview?Themovealsoraisesthequestionofwhatitmeanstovolunteers.It'squiteobviousbynowtliatthereisn'tenoughpeople9(fill)the110,000vacantpositions.OfferingacademiccreditstoJapanesestudentsseemslikethewrongwaytoencourage